Drug of abuse by Suryansh Agrawal .pptx

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1. Drug of abuse Marijuana By Suryansh Agrawal

2. Introduction Marijuana (“grass”) is a collective term for the psychoactive con- stituents in crude extracts of the plant Cannabis sativa (hemp) and C indica, the active principles of which include the cannabinoid compounds tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN). Hashish is a partially purified material that is more potent.

3. Cannabinoids Endogenous cannabinoids in the CNS, which include anan- damide and 2-arachidonyl glycerol, are released postsynaptically and act as retrograde messengers to inhibit presynaptic release of conventional transmitters including dopamine. The receptors for these compounds are thought to be the targets for exogenous can- nabinoids present in marijuana.

4.  Ef​fect  Feeling of being “high”with Euphoria Disinhibition Uncontrollable laughter Changes in perception Achievement of dream like state Vasodilation, increased pulse rate, reddened conjunctiva.

5. Treatment Dronabinol (a controlled-substance formulation of THC) is used to combat severe nausea. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist that acts as an antagonist at cannabinoid receptors, is approved for use in the treatment of obesity.

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7. Scientific statement summary from American Heart Association Exposure to THC during adolescence can lead to structural, molecular, and functional alterations of brain circuits, particularly in areas involved in cognition and behavior. Prenatal THC affects neuroanatomic areas associated with cognition and emotional regulation, including the PFC, limbic system, and ventral tegmentum of the midbrain. Several studies have described an association between cannabis use and increased risk of stroke. Functional changes may be observed in areas of the brain involved in cognition among cannabis users. Early exposure to cannabis may have a negative effect on cognitive function. .

8. Bibliography Katzung & Trevor’s Pharmacology examination & board review. By Bertram, Mariekie& Anthony. 12th edition. Chapter 32 Drug abuse. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STR.0000000000000396?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org World drug report 2023. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STR.0000000000000396?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org