Drugs and their effects

Drugs and their effects

1. Drugs And Its Effects Muhammad Musawar Ali MPHIL, ICAP [email protected] 1

2. Drugs A  drug  is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically . 2

3. Drugs may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin). 3

4. Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking and behavior. 4

5. Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Stimulants Hallucinogens Others 5

6. Drug addiction and its effects Drug addiction usually leads to distress and discomfort and daily life functioning's and symptoms occurring within a 12-month period. Loss of control Impairment Risky/Dangerous Use Physiologic 6

7. Loss of control Drug is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended. A persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control drug use. 7

8. A great deal of time spent obtaining and using drug or recovering from its effects . Craving or a strong desire or urge to use drug. 8

9. Impairment Recurrent drug use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home . Continued drug use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of drugs. 9

10. Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of drug use. 10

11. Risky/Dangerous use Recurrent drug use in situations in which it is physically hazardous .( I.e while driving ) D rug use continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem likely caused or exacerbated by drug. 11

12. Physiologic dependence Tolerance as defined by: A need for markedly increased amounts of drug to achieve desired effect. b. A markedly diminished effect with continued use of same amount of drug. 12

13. Development and Course Individuals ages 18-24 years have relatively high prevalence rates. Intoxication is usually begins in the teens . Withdrawal can occur at any age as long as the relevant drug has been taken in sufficient doses over an extended period of time. 13

14. Associated Laboratory Findings Laboratory analyses of blood . Urine samples. 14

15. Alcohol and its effects 15

16. Alcohol Use Effects Problematic behavioral or psychological changes. Inappropriate sexual behavior. Aggressive behavior. Mood lability. Impaired judgment. 16

17. Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating or pulse rate greater than 100 bpm). Increased hand tremor. Insomnia. Nausea or vomiting. Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions. Psychomotor agitation. Anxiety. Epileptic Seizures 17

18. following signs or symptoms developing during, or shortly after , alcohol use: 1. Slurred speech. 2. Incoordination. 3. Unsteady gait. 4. Nystagmus. 5. Impairment in attention or memory. 6. Stupor or coma. 18

19. Alcohol Effects on Body 19

20. Heroin / Opium and its effects 20

21. Effects of Heroin Problematic behavioral or psychological changes (e.g. Initial euphoria) Flat mood Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Impaired judgment 21

22. Pupillary constriction (or pupillary dilation due to from severe overdose) Drowsiness or coma. Slurred speech. Impairment in attention or memory. 22

23. Nausea or vomiting. Muscle aches . sweating . Diarrhea . Yawning . Fever . Insomnia 23

24. Heroin effect on body Short term Effects Rush. Depressed Respiration. Clouded Mental Functioning. Nausea Vomiting. Suppression Of Pain. Long Term Effects Addiction Infectious diseases( HIV, Hepatitis B, C) Collapsed Veins. Bacterial infections. Infection of Heart Linings and Valves. Kidney and liver diseases. 24

25. Cocaine and its effects 25

26. Effects of Cocaine Problematic behavioral or psychological changes. Affective blunting. Changes in sociability. Interpersonal sensitivity. 26

27. Anxiety tension Anger Unpleasant dreams Nose Bleeds 27

28. Symptoms develop shortly after use Tachycardia or bradycardia. Pupillary dilation. Elevated or lowered blood pressure. Perspiration or chills. Nausea or vomiting. 28

29. Evidence of weight loss. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias. Confusion, seizures, or coma. 29

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31. Tobacco and its effects 31

32. Tobacco Smoking and its Effects Irritability, frustration, or anger. Anxiety. Difficulty concentrating. Increased appetite. Restlessness. Depressed mood . Insomnia. 32

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34. Marijuana and its effects 34

35. Effects of Marijuana Impaired motor coordination. Euphoria. Anxiety. Sensation of slowed time. 35

36. Impaired judgment Social withdrawal Increased appetite Dry mouth Tachycardia 36

37. Irritability, anger, or aggression. Nervousness or anxiety. Sleep difficulty (e.g., insomnia, disturbing dreams). Decreased appetite or weight loss. Restlessness . Depressed mood. 37

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39. منشیات کا استعمال صحت کے لیئے مضر ھے اور نفسیاتی بیماریوں کا باعث ھے۔ اپنی اور اپنے آنے والی نسلوں کی بقاء کے لیئے منشیات سے دور رہیں۔ Thanks  39