drugs name and drug classification.pptx

drugs

1. Name and classification of drugs Prepared by : Mr. P rashik Chavhan

2. Introduction A  route of administration  in pharmacology and  toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. ROA are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Ex. oral  and  intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract).

3. Continued…. Administration of medication is a basic nursing function that involves knowledge and skills. The safe and accurate administration of medication is one of the most important responsibilities of nurse. Improper administration of medication can cause harmful effects on human body. The nurse administering medication should have the basic knowledge regarding drugs which include following :-

4. 1. Name of drug 11. Prescription and non prescription medication 2.Classification of drugs 12. Weights and measures 3. Route and time of administration 13. Preparation of solution and calculation of doses 4. Principles of drug action 14. Storing of medications 5. Dosage 15.Abbreviations and symbols 6. Medication standards 16. Rules for administration of medications 7. Type and forms of drugs 17. Nurse practice acts 8. Sources of information about medication 18. Legal aspects of medication administration 9. System of medication distribution 19. Clients rights 10. Medication order 20. Nurses role in administration of medication

5. Drugs and medications A drug is any substance that alters physiological function, with the potential for affecting health. Medicine may be defined as a substance used to promote health, to prevent illness, to diagnosis or to cure disease. A drug is a chemical substance that modifies body function which may or may not have a therapeutic effect. A medication is a drug administered for its therapeutic effects. Thus all medications are drugs but not all drugs are medications.

6. Name of drugs 1. Chemical name Is name by which a drug is known to the chemists. Is it indicates the ingredients of drug. Ex. Chemical name of the anti inflammatory agent ibuprofen is 2 -4 ( iso butyl phenyl) propionic acid. 2. Generic name or non proprietary name - Is the name assigned by the manufactures who first developed the drug and is assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council. Each drug has only one generic name, which is simpler then the chemical name.

7. 3. Official name Is the name by which the drug is identified in the official publications. Ex. BP ( British pharmacopeia ), USP ( United State pharmacopeia ) Official name is assigned by the food and drug administration (FDA) after approval of a drug and is often same as the generic name. 4. Trade name or Brand name or proprietary name Is the registered name assigned by the manufacturer and is copyrighted. Brand name are nouns with the first letter capitalized and marked with a circled R. One drug is manufactured by several companies and so may be known by several different trade names. Ex. Paracetamol (chemical name ) have trade name such as Crocin , Calpol , Metacin .

8. Classification of drugs according to their Actions Drugs may be classified in several ways : according to their chemical composition, clinical actions, therapeutic effect on body systems, their purpose and uses, by the symptoms relieved by the drugs. Nurse categorize the drug with similar characteristics by their class. Each class contains drugs prescribed for similar types of health problems. A drug may also belong to more than one class. Ex. Aspirin is antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory

9. Analgesics - To relieve pain Anaesthetics - Which cause loss of sensation Anthelmintics and vermifuges - Drug which destroy and expel worms Antipyretics - Drug which reduce fever Antiodotes - Substance used to counteract the effects of poison. Anti asthmatics - Drug which provide symptomatic relief of asthmatic attacks Anti pruritics - A drug that relive itching Antiseptic - A substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria. Anti fungal - Drugs which prevent the growth of fungi or destruction of the fungi. Antispasmodics - An agent that relieves the spasmodic pain or spasm of muscles.

10. Antiemetics - Relieving or preventing nausea and vomiting Anti infectives - Act either to inhibit, kill or retard the growth of micro-organisms. Anti-inflammatory - Reduce the inflammation Anti coagulants - Inhibit or decrease the blood clotting process Anti-histamines - The agent block the effect of histamines therefore used to prevent or relieve allergies. Antacids - Substance that react with hydrochloric acid to decrease activity of gastric secretions. Anti- consultants - To prevent or treat convulsions Antibiotics - Ability to destroy or inhibit growth of micro-organisms. Anti- diarrhetics - To treat diarrhoea Antitussives - That inhibit the cough reflex

11. Anti-tubercular - Used to treat TB Anti- rheumatic - Drug used to treat rheumatism Astringent - A drug that causes the contraction of tissue and arrest discharge Bronchodilators - Medicine which relax muscles of the bronchioles by reducing the smooth muscl e spasm or mucosal edema . Coagulants - Those drugs that help in the clotting of blood either by the increased formation of liver precursors or clotting factors Cortico -steroids Hormonal drugs extracted from the adrenal cortex. Gluco corticoides = which stimulate the conversion of proteins to carbohydrates. Mineralo corticoides = which regulate the sodium and potassium metabolism. Diaphoretics - Drug which increase the action of sweat glands and induce perspiration.

12. Diuretics - Which increase the flow of urine Demulcents - Substance that soften, sooth and protect mucus membrane Detergents - A cleansing agents Digestants - An agent that promotes digestion Emetics - Drug that produce vomiting Oxytocics or Ecbolics - Drugs that stimulate uterine contractions. Expectorants - Increase the bronchial secretions and aid in the expulsion of the mucus Hypnotics - Drug that produce sleep Haemostatics - An agent to check haemorrhage Hypoglycaemics - Drug that lower blood sugar level

13. Emollient - Substances that smoothen, soften and protect the skin Hypotensive - Lowering BP Inotropes - Drugs that strengthen cardiac contraction Mydriatics - Dilate the pupil of the eye Myotics - Contract the pupil of the eye Muscle relaxants -diminution of tension or functional activity of muscles Nasal decongestants - Drug which produce shrinkage of the engorged nasal mucosa and relieve nasal congestion Narcotics - Drug that produce stupor or complete insensibility. Sedatives - Substances which lessen body activity Stimulants - Increase the functional activity of an organ or system

14. Sedative expectorants - Drug which lessen paroxysmal cough and make it more effective by soothing the inflamed respiratory mucosa. Stimulant expectorant - Drug used to increase the bronchial secretion by irritating the bronchial mucosa . Vasodilators - Drug which dilate the blood vessels and consequently lower the BP Vasoconstrictors - Drugs or agents that causes constriction of blood vessels with the effects of raising the blood pressure.

15. Classification of drugs according to functional health patterns Sr. no. Health patterns Class of Drugs 1. Activity and exercise Antihypertensive Antiarrhythmics Antianginals Anticoagulants bronchodilators 2. Nutrition and metabolism Antibiotics Antiemetics Antacids Insulin Corticosteroids thyroxine

16. 3. Elimination Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals Antidiuretics 4. Sleep, rest, cognition and perception Sedatives Hypnotics Analgesics Antipsychotics 5. Coping and stress tolerance Anti anxiety agents Anti-depressants 6. Sexuality and reproduction - Ovarian hormones