Drugs_That_Increase_Blood_Pressure .pptx

Drugs that increase blood pressure

1. Drugs that increase blood pressure Name : Ishika Kakani Group : 6b DRUGS THAT INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE

2. Definition: Blood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by circulating blood on arterial walls. Normal BP: <120/80 mmHg Drug-induced hypertension: Rise in BP caused by medication use. Importance: Recognizing these drugs helps prevent complications.

3. Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hypertension • Increased sympathetic activity → vasoconstriction & increased HR • Fluid retention → increased blood volume • Altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) → vasoconstriction • Decreased vasodilator effects (inhibition of nitric oxide)

4. Sympathomimetic Agents Pseudoephedrine: 60 mg PO q4–6h (max 240 mg/day) Phenylephrine: 10 mg PO q4h (max 60 mg/day) Amphetamine (Adderall): 5–30 mg PO 1–2×/day Cocaine: Recreational/topical use → vasoconstriction Mechanism: Stimulate adrenergic receptors → ↑ norepinephrine → ↑ BP

5. Corticosteroids Prednisone: 5–60 mg/day PO Dexamethasone: 0.5–10 mg/day PO or IV Mechanism: Sodium & water retention, ↑ sensitivity to catecholamines Effect: Volume expansion → increased BP Monitoring: BP & electrolyte checks

6. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) Ibuprofen: 200–400 mg q4–6h (max 1200 mg/day OTC) Naproxen: 250–500 mg BID Indomethacin: 25–50 mg BID–TID Mechanism: ↓ prostaglandins → ↓ renal perfusion → sodium retention Result: ↑ BP (esp. elderly/renal impairment) Alternative: Acetaminophen (minimal BP effect)

7. Oral Contraceptives & Hormonal Drugs Combined OCPs (Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel): 1 tablet daily Anabolic steroids (Nandrolone): 50–100 mg IM q1–4 weeks Mechanism: ↑ Angiotensinogen, fluid retention, ↑ vascular tone Note: BP normalizes after discontinuation

8. Other Drugs & Prevention Erythropoietin (EPO): 50–150 U/kg SC/IV 3×/week Cyclosporine: 3–5 mg/kg/day PO Tacrolimus: 0.1–0.2 mg/kg/day PO MAO inhibitors (Phenelzine 15 mg TID) + Tyramine → crisis Caffeine: 100–200 mg transient BP increase Nicotine: 1 cigarette → transient BP rise Prevention: • Review meds • Monitor BP • Substitute offending drugs • Lifestyle: low-sodium diet, exercise, stress management