Drugs used on urinary system 2024 OM VERMA.pdf

OM VERMA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING RAIPUR CG

1. GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAIPUR ABHANPUR C.G.
DRUGS USED ON URINARY SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
OM VERMA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

3. •Renin-angiotensin System
•Treatment of UTI
–Acidifiers And Alkalinizers

4. TheRenin-angiotensinSystem(RAS)isahormonalsystemthat
regulates blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and blood
volume. It's made up of several components, including renin,
angiotensin II,and aldosterone. The Renin-angiotensin System
isinvolvedinmanyorgansystems,includingthekidneys,lungs,
brain,andadrenalcortex.
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
The Renin-angiotensin System regulates blood press ure by:
Increasing the reabsorptionof sodium and water
Increasing vascular tone, which is the degree to whi ch blood
vessels constrict

5. DRUG NAMES AND DOSE :
ENA-LAPRIL
-Adults—Atfirst,2.5milligrams(mg)two
timesaday.
LISI
-
NOPRIL
-
Usual
Adult
Dose
for
Hypertension
:
Initial
LISI
-
NOPRIL
-
Usual
Adult
Dose
for
Hypertension
:
Initial
dose:10mgorallyonceaday;5mgorallyonceaday.
Maintenancedose:20to40mgorallyonceaday.

6. RAMIPRIL-
, the usual starting dose isbetween
1.25mgand2.5mgonceaday.
CAPTOPRIL -
Adults—At first,6.25 milligrams (mg)
as
a
single
dose,
then
12
.
5
mg
three
times
a
day
.
as
a
single
dose,
then
12
.
5
mg
three
times
a
day
.
BENAZEPRIL.
The starting dose is usually0.2
milligram (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight
perday.

7. MECHANISM OF ACTION
Captopril, enalapril and other Angiotensin-converting
enzymeinhibitorsinhibittheformationofangiotensin
II.AngiotensinIIisresponsibleforvasoconstrictionand
increasesBP.
ByreducingtheformationofangiotensinII,thesedrugs
Captopril
,
enalapril
reduce
BP
.
They
also
increase
Captopril
,
enalapril
reduce
BP
.
They
also
increase
excretionofsaltandwater.medicationsthatareusedto
treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart
failure.Theyworkbyrelaxingbloodvessels,whichmakes
it easier for blood to flow and reduces the amount of
workthehearthastodo.ACEinhibitorscanalsolower
theriskofstrokeandheartattack.

8. INDICATION
for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart
failure,usuallyincombinationwithdiureticsanddigital is
CONTRAINDICATION–
Hypersensitivity,pregnancy,Breastfeeding,
Angioedemaisaconditionthatcausesswellingundertheskindue
tosmallbloodvesselsleakingfluidintothesurroundingti ssues.
SIDEEFFECT Headaches
.
...
Headaches
.
...
Diarrhoea....
Itchingoramildrash....
Blurredvision.
Dry,ticklycough.

9. TOXICITY
Increase the risk for angioedemaangioedema is a
condition that causes swelling in the deeper layers of
the
skin
and
tissues,
often
in
the
face,
lips,
tongue,
the
skin
and
tissues,
often
in
the
face,
lips,
tongue,
larynx,abdomen,orarmsandlegs.

11. INTRODUCTION
Diuretics are drugs which increase the excretion of salt
and water in the urine.
Diuretics, also known as water pills, area class of drugs
that increase urine production and help the body ge t that increase urine production and help the body ge t rid of excess fluid and salt
Purpose
Diuretics are used to treat conditions such as high
blood pressure, edema (extra fluid in the tissues), heart
failure, and ascites.

12. Definition
Diureticsaremedicinesthathelpreducefluidbuildup
in the body. They are sometimes called water pills.
Most diuretics help the kidneys remove salt and
water
through
the
urine
.
water
through
the
urine
.
According to Pamajaudaykumar

17. Excess Calcium In The Urine.
Damage The Optic Nerve,

20. ADVERSE EFFECT •THIAZIDE:Hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis( Digestive issues disrupt the blood's acid-
base balance. ) , Hyponatremia(level of sodium in the blood is lower than normal.)
Dehydration, Hypotension, Hypercholesterolemia(high levels of fat in the blood ),
Hyperuricemia( too much uric acid in the blood.) , Azotemia (levels of nitrogen-containing
wasteproductsinthebloodareabnormallyhigh.) (inrenaldiseasepatient)
•LOOP:Hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, Hyperuricemia, Hypom agnesemia, Dehydration
(Hypovolemia),Hypotension,Ototoxicity(Doserelatedhe aringloss)
OSMOTIC
:
Electrolyte
imbalance,
increase
circulatory
load
and
may
cause
congestive
•
OSMOTIC
:
Electrolyte
imbalance,
increase
circulatory
load
and
may
cause
congestive
heartfailure.
•POTASSIUM:Hyperkalaemia(a condition wherethereistoomuch potassiumintheblood
),metabolic acidosis,Gynecomastia(anon-cancerousconditionthatcausesthebreastsof
malestoenlarge),Gastricproblemsincludingpepticulcer.
•CARBONIC ANHYDRASE:Hypokalaemia (a condition where there is an abnormally low
levelofpotassiumintheblood.),metabolicacidosis,skinrash.

21. cumulatively

27. ( waking up during the night to urinate. )

31. DRUGS CAN BE TOXIC TO THE KIDNEYS, INCLUDING:
•Antibiotics:Aminoglycosides and vancomycin can cause serious kidney
damage.
•Chemotherapeutic agents:Cisplatin and metho-trexate can cause kidney
damage.
•Pain medications:Large amounts of over-the-counter pain medications
like aspirin,ibuprofen,and naproxen can damage the kidneys.
•Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs):Can increase the risk of serious kidney
problemsand kidney failure.

32. •Laxatives:Can leave crystals in the kidneys that can damage them
orcause failure.
•Cocaine:A toxic level of cocaine can cause serious damage to the
kidneys,heart,and liver.
•
Acetaminophen
:
High
doses
or
abuse
of
acetaminophen
can
cause
•
Acetaminophen
:
High
doses
or
abuse
of
acetaminophen
can
cause
kidneydamage indirectlyby causing liver damage.
•Iodinated radiocontrast:The contrast dyes used in radiographic
testing,like CTscans,can lead to kidney injury.

35. Sideeffect-
Skin Rash ,Nausea, vomiting Crystalluria the
presence of crystals in urine.is a condition where the skin
becomes sensitive to ultraviolet light from the sun ,
Stevens-
Johnsonsyndrome(seriousskinreaction)

36. Bacteriostaticmeans to stop bacteria from growing or
reproducingwithoutnecessarilykillingthem.
Bactericidalmeanshavingtheabilitytokillbacteria.

38. Serious skin reaction that can be life-
threatening

40. (at the hour of sleep)

49. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

50. Involving or relating to the production of
pus
.

52. Drugs toxicity – nausea, vomiting, difficulty urinating or diarrhea,
green urine.