Dutch empire (Netherlands)

World History Dutch Empire
Rise of Dutch Republic
Dutch East India Company and Dutch West India Company
Cape Town
Dutch Golden Age
Decline of Dutch Power

1. DUTCH EMPIRE (Netherlands) Maritime Empire 1600-1750

2. The Beginnings of Dutch History Holland (now called T he Netherlands ) which means “Lowlands”

3. Before the rise of Dutch Empire………. In the mid-1500’s, “ the Netherland had come under Spanish Contro l. When the people of the Netherlands revolted against their Spanish Rulers in 1568, their ships could no longer enter either Spanish and Portuguese”. ( Littell , 2000, p. 358) They give up Portuguese trades routes and decided to set up their own trade in West and East India ports .

4. Rise of Dutch Empire The Dutch navigators sailed to the east and establish trade relations with the Malay rulers of Indonesia . They developed a vast seaborne empire “they had important advantages in the pool manpower, ships, wealth, and experience built up by their ascendancy in fishing and transport in northern waters” ( Roberts, 1976, p. 560 )

5. Plotted Companies…. Dutch East India Company and Dutch West India Company

6. The Netherland East India Company (Dutch in the East) In 1602 the Netherlands East India Company, which was empowered to maintain armed forces, wage wars and make peace, and govern the colonies. The Dutch East India Company governed land in Southeast Asia . In expanding their territories in Southeast Asia, they made a headquarters in Batavia (Jakarta).

7. They also became the only European country allowed to trade in Japan (Holland carried commercial relations with China, Japan, India and South Pacific Island) They had a near monopoly on the Asian trade Dutch vessels transported other nations’ cargo   The Netherland East India Company (Dutch in the East)

8. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch in America ) 1624-1664 In 1621 the Dutch West India was founded to control the American trade. In 1652 the Dutch colonizers established themselves in South Africa. From 1634-1648, the Dutch succeeded in taking Curacao and other small island in West indies from Spain, and colonizing Guiana on the northern coast of South America. In the North America, the Dutch colonized the Hudson Valley and established the town of New Amsterdam (now New York City)

9. Cape Town (1652) Forts and farms with independent farmers called free Burghers dotted Cape Town. Land inhabited by the Khoikhoi people. The English were the first to attempt to settle it but the Dutch were the first to succeed Jan Huyghen Van Linschoten , a Netherlands merchant whose only knowledge of the orient comes from trading in Lisbon. The survivors of this journey get back to Holland two years later. They bring valuable cargo.

10. Holland’s Golden Age The Dutch economy grew stronger and most part of the society flourished, it is a civilization flowered in full splendor. Trades – they trade everything including slaves Colonies – Americas, Africa and Asia Art- “The Night Watch” by Rembrant Science - Anton Van Leeuwehoek improved microscope and discovered the protozoa and bacteria - Christian Huygens invented the pocket and wristwatch Literature - “Prince of Humanist” by Desiderius Erasmus and “The law of War and Peace” Landscaping – Jan Vermeer excelled in landscaping

11. Decline of Dutch Power The marvelous success of Dutch in the world of trade and colonization, Holland was not only a great colonial power but was also the chief carriers of the world commerce. “its merchant vessels numbered 15,000, as compared with 3,000 of English ships and 500 of French ships .”

12. Reasons….. Cromwell of England struck the first blow against the Dutch by promulgating the Navigation Act of 1651 , which enclosed the ports of England and those colonies to Dutch vessels . The military and naval power was weakened by three Anglo-Dutch Wars and the War with Louis XIV of France The Dutch republic ended in 1790 when the first French republic conquered Holland. The French created a puppet government called Batavian Republic, but in 1806 Napoleon the Great changed this into kingdom of Holland, “after his downfall, the 1815 congress of Vienna created the Kingdoms of the Netherlands (Holland and Belgium) with the Prince of Orange as kings. In 1839 the Belgian separated and formed their own kingdoms.

13. References Littel , M. 2000. History of the World, 358-359 Roberts, J.M. 1976. History of the World, 560-561 Zaide , G., Zaide , S., 2002. World History 198-200 http://www.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?conid=2&bottomsort=21641418&direction=NEXT&keywords=Dutch%20empire&timelineid

14. Mabalos ! Prepared by: Judy- ann P. Jardinan 3-BEED