Dynamic Routing IGRP

1. 1

2. 2
•Cisco proprietary protocol
•Classful routing protocol
•Updates are broadcasted via 255.255.255.255
•Administrative distance is 100
•Metric (24 bit) : Composite Metric
(BW+Delay+Load+MTU+Reliability)
•Max Hop count is 255 (100 is default)
•Load balancing of 6 equal or unequal paths
•Used for large organizations
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

3. 3
•Update timer : 90 sec
•Invalid timer : 270 sec
•Flush timer : 630 sec
•Holddown timer : 280 sec
IGRP Timers

4. 4
•A unique number identifying the Routing domain of
the routers.
Ranges from 1- 65535
Public – 1 – 64512
Private – 64513 – 65535
• An autonomous system is a collection of networks
under a common administrative domain
Autonomous System Number

5. 5
•Interior Gateway
Protocol
•Routing protocols used
within an autonomous
system
•All routers will be
routing within the
same Autonomous
boundary
•RIP, IGRP, EIGRP,
OSPF, IS-IS
•Exterior Gateway
Protocol
•Routing protocol used
between different
autonomous systems
•Routers in different AS
need an EGP
•Border Gateway
Protocol is extensively
used as EGP
IGP EGP
Routing Protocol Classification

6. 6
XYZ - AS 100 ABC – AS 200
–IGPs operate within an autonomous system
–EGPs connect different autonomous systems
EGPs: BGP
IGPs: RIP, OSPF,
IGRP, EIGRP
IGPs: RIP, OSPF,
IGRP, EIGRP
IGP & EGP

7. 7
IGRP - Network Diagram
E0
192.168.1.150/24
HYD
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
E0
192.168.2.150/24
CHE
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
E0
192.168.3.150/24
BAN
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
10.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
11.0.0.2/8

8. 8
•Only works on Cisco Routers
•Slow convergence
•Formation of Routing loops
Disadvantages of IGRP

9. 9

10. 10
exitHyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config)#
telnet 192.168.1.150
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :****
****
enable
configure terminal
interface serial 0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no shut
clockrate 64000
encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad>
password :
Hyderabad#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting.....
Directly Connected Networks on
HYDERABAD Router
192.168.1.0
10.0.0.0
Directly Connected Networks on
HYDERABAD Router
192.168.1.0
10.0.0.0

11. 11
Hyderabad(config)#
router igrp 5
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routingHyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
ip routing
Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

12. 12
show ip routeHyderabad#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
I 11.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
I 192.168.2.0/24 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
I 192.168.3.0/24 [100/10576] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0
Hyderabad#
^
Z
Hyderabad(config)#
router igrp 5
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routingHyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
ip routing
I – for IGRP routes
I – for IGRP routes
100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric

13. 13
show ip protocolsHyderabad#
Routing Protocol is "igrp 5"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 49 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0
10.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.0.0.2 100 00:01:10
Distance: (default is 100)
Hyderabad#

14. 14
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :****
****
enable
configure terminal
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation hdlc
interface serial 0
Chennai>
password :
Chennai#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting.....
Chennai(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.2.150
interface serial 1
ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation hdlc
Directly Connected Networks on
CHENNAI Router
192.168.2.0
10.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
Directly Connected Networks on
CHENNAI Router
192.168.2.0
10.0.0.0
11.0.0.0

15. 15
Chennai(config)#
router igrp 5
Chennai(config-router)#
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routingChennai(config)#
Chennai(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0
Chennai(config-router)# Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

16. 16
show ip routeChennai#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:28, Serial1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
I 192.168.3.0/24 [100/8576] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:54, Serial0
Chennai#
^
Z
Chennai(config)#
router igrp 5
Chennai(config-router)#
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routingChennai(config)#
Chennai(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0
Chennai(config-router)#
I – for IGRP routes
I – for IGRP routes 100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric

17. 17
show ip protocolsChennai#
Routing Protocol is "igrp 5"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 56 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
10.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
192.168.2.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
11.0.0.2 100 00:00:22
10.0.0.1 100 00:00:59
Distance: (default is 100)
Chennai#

18. 18
exitBanglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config)#
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :****
****
enable
configure terminal
ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
no shut
clockrate 64000
encapsulation hdlc
Banglore>
password :
Banglore#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting.....
telnet 192.168.3.150
interface serial 1
Directly Connected Networks on
Banglore Router
192.168.3.0
11.0.0.0
Directly Connected Networks on
Banglore Router
192.168.3.0
11.0.0.0

19. 19
Banglore(config)#
router igrp 5
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
no ip routingBanglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
Configuring IGRP
Router(config)# router igrp <as no>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

20. 20
show ip routeBanglore#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/10576] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
I 192.168.2.0/24 [100/8576] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Banglore#
^
Z
Banglore(config)#
router igrp 5
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
no ip routingBanglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
I – for IGRP routes
I – for IGRP routes
100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
100 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric
Metric of IGRP
Composite Metric

21. 21
show ip protocolsBanglore#
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 11 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 5
Routing for Networks:
192.168.3.0
11.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
11.0.0.1 100 00:01:02
Distance: (default is 100)
Banglore#

22. 22
ping 192.168.3.1Hyderabad#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
!!!!!

23. 23
ping 192.168.1.1Chennai#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai#
!!!!!

24. 24
ping 192.168.1.1Banglore#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
!!!!!