E-Business and E- Business Type and Transaction Process System

Transaction Process System,
Transaction Process Cycle,
Group Decision Support System (GDSS),
Group Decision Support System (GDSS) and it's Software tools

1. E-Business Chapter # 6 Abdul Rashed Barakzai

2. Introduction Online Business or e-business is any kind of business or commercial transaction that includes sharing information across the internet. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups, and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business.

3. Types of E-Business Business-to-business (B2B) Business-to-consumer (B2C) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Consumer-to-business (C2B)

4. 1. Business-to-business (B2B) The business-to-business eCommerce model is structured just like it sounds. It’s where businesses sell products to other companies. Types of products include anything that enhances another company’s business practices.  One of the best examples of a B2B business is a software company. Think Salesforce, HubSpot, or SurveyMonkey. All of these products are for the benefit of a business, and it wouldn’t make sense for the typical mom-and-pop consumer to invest in enterprise software

5. 2. Business-to-consumer (B2C) The business-to-consumer eCommerce model is also straightforward. It’s when a business sells products online, or via a mobile device, directly to consumers. Business-to-consumer are online businesses like clothing, books, makeup, etc. Top B2C eCommerce companies include giants like Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba.

6. 3. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) A consumer-to-consumer business model is when one consumer makes and sells a product to another consumer.  One consumer may use a platform like Amazon, Etsy, or eBay to sell products to another consumer. With online eCommerce tools like  WooCommerce , consumers can even set up a C2C store on their personal website

7. 4. Consumer-to-business (C2B) The last type of eCommerce business model is consumer-to-business. This is where a consumer, or individual entrepreneur, sells their products or services to businesses. Good examples of C2B businesses would be a business consultant, a freelance graphic designer, or a social media influencer with a large audience.

8. What is Transaction? A Transaction is an agreement, or communication, carried out between a buyer and a seller to exchange an asset for payment. It involves a change in the status of the finances of two or more businesses or individuals.

9. Transaction Process System TPS are cross functional information system that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transaction. Transaction are part of doing business, Such as sales, Purchases and etc. A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data. Characteristics of a TPS include performance, reliability and consistency. TPS is also known as transaction processing or real-time processing.

10. Transaction Process Cycle

11. 1. Data Entry The first step of the transaction processing cycle is the capture of business data. For example, transaction data may be collected by point-of-sale terminals using optical scanning of bar codes and credit card readers at a retail store or other business. Transaction data can also be captured at an e-commerce Web site on the Internet. The proper recording and editing of data so they are quickly and correctly captured for processing is one of the major design challenges of information systems.

12. 1. Transaction Process Transaction Processing. Transaction processing systems process data in two basic ways: batch processing: where transaction data are accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically, and Real-time processing: (also called online processing), where data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs. All online transaction processing systems incorporate real-time processing capabilities. Many online systems also depend on the capabilities of fault tolerant computer systems that can continue to operate even if parts of the system fail.

13. 3. Database Maintenance An organization’s databases must be updated by its transaction processing systems so that they are always correct and up-to-date. Transaction processing systems serve to assist in maintaining the corporate databases of an organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions. For example, credit sales made to customers will cause customer account balances to be increased and the amount of inventory on hand to be decreased. Database maintenance ensures that these and other changes are reflected in the data records stored in the company’s databases.

14. 4. Document and Report Generation Transaction processing systems produce a variety of documents and reports. Examples of transaction documents include purchase orders, paychecks, sales receipts, invoices, and customer statements. Transaction reports might take the form of a transaction listing such as a payroll register, or edit reports that describe errors detected during processing.

15. 3. Database Maintenance An organization’s databases must be updated by its transaction processing systems so that they are always correct and up-to-date. Transaction processing systems serve to assist in maintaining the corporate databases of an organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions. For example, credit sales made to customers will cause customer account balances to be increased and the amount of inventory on hand to be decreased. Database maintenance ensures that these and other changes are reflected in the data records stored in the company’s databases.

16. Group Decision Support System (GDSS) GDSS are designed to help  groups  in meetings reach consensus. Such  systems  started with facilities (called  decision  rooms) in which people work together at the same time and in the same place. A GDSS is an interactive computer-based system that facilitates a number of decision-makers (working together in a group) in finding solutions to problems that are unstructured in nature. They are designed in such a way that they take input from multiple users interacting simultaneously with the systems to arrive at a decision as a group.

17. Group Decision Support System Component 1. Hardware:  It includes electronic hardware like the computer, equipment used for networking, electronic display boards and audiovisual equipment. It also includes the conference facility, including the physical set up, the room, the tables, and the chairs, laid out in such a  manner that they can support group discussion and teamwork.

18. Group Decision Support System Component 2. Software Tools:  It includes various tools and techniques, such as electronic questionnaires, electronic brainstorming tools, idea organizers, tools for setting priority, policy formation tool, etc. The use of these software tools in a group meeting helps the group decision-makers to plan, organize ideas, gather information, establish priorities, take decisions and document the meeting proceedings. As a result, meetings become more productive.

19. Group Decision Support System Component 3. People : It compromises the members participating in the meeting, a trained facilitator who helps with the proceedings of the meeting, and an expert staff to support the hardware and software. The GDSS components together provide a favorable environment for carrying out group meetings.

20. Group Decision Support System (GDSS) Software Tools Electronic Questionnaire Electronic Brainstorming Tools Idea Organizer Tools for Setting Priority Policy Formation Tool Group decision support system software tools help the decision-makers in organizing their ideas, gathering required information and setting and ranking priorities

21. Continue… Electronic Questionnaire:  The information generated using the questionnaires helps the organizers of the meeting to identify the issues that need immediate attention, thereby enabling the organizers to create a meeting plan in advance. Electronic Brainstorming Tools: It allows the participants to simultaneously contribute their ideas on the subject matter of the meeting. As the identity of each participant remains secret, individuals participate in the meeting without the fear of criticism.

22. Continue… Electronic Questionnaire:  The information generated using the questionnaires helps the organizers of the meeting to identify the issues that need immediate attention, thereby enabling the organizers to create a meeting plan in advance. Electronic Brainstorming Tools: It allows the participants to simultaneously contribute their ideas on the subject matter of the meeting. As the identity of each participant remains secret, individuals participate in the meeting without the fear of criticism.

23. Continue… Idea Organizer:  It helps in bringing together, evaluating and categorizing the ideas that are produced during the brainstorming activity. Tools for Setting Priority: It includes a collection of techniques, such as simple voting, ranking in order and some weighted techniques that are used for voting and setting priorities in a group meeting. Policy Formation Tool: It provides the necessary support for converting the wordings of policy statements into an agreement.