E WASTE_sandip-current-trend-domestic.pdf

E WASTE MANGEMENT

1. Current trend in domestic production of
India and the E-waste generation potential
Dr. SandipChatterjee
Director,
Ministry of Electronics Information Technology
Government of India
[email protected]

2. Electronics Industry in India: A Snapshot
CAGR: Production -25%
Imports -11% | Exports -10% Billion US $
India’sshareinglobalelectronicsmanufacturing
grewfrom1.3%(2012)to3.5%(2010)
Rapidgrowthinexportslately:38%Y-o-Yin
2018-19

3. 2 > 200
60
million
330
million
Mobile
manufacturing
units
Number of Mobile
handsets produced*
2014 2019
Growth in Mobile Manufacturing
India has emerged as the second largest manufacturer of mobile handsets in
the world
$3 billion
Value of mobile
handsets produced*
*
Data refers to the financial year
$30
billion

4. Production Linked
Incentive Scheme
(PLI)
Large Scale
Mobile
Manufacturing
Scheme for Promotion
of Manufacturing of
Components and
Semiconductors
Domestic
Electronics
Supply Chain of
Production
INR 8.0 Lakh Cr
(USD 106 Bn)
New Schemes for Electronics Manufacturing
Exports
5 Year Outcomes
INR 5.8 Lakh Cr
Semiconductors
(SPECS)
Supply Chain of
Components
Electronics
Manufacturing
Cluster Scheme
(EMC 2.0)
Infrastructure and
Common
Facilities
Total incentives of up to INR 50,000 Crore (~ $6.7 Bn)
Exports
Employment
INR 5.8 Lakh Cr
(USD 77 Bn)
10 Lakh

5. Top E-waste Generating in 2019
10.13 10.13
3.23 3.23
6.926.92
In Million Tones In Million Tones
6
8
10
12
Global Generation: 53.4Mn T
India at 3
rd
Position in the world in E-waste Generation
3.23 3.23
1.63 1.63 1.59 1.59
1.36 1.36
1.6 1.6
Source: United Nation University, Source: United Nation University, ITU 2020ITU 2020
0
2
4
6

6. •AlltheEEEusedinIndianotincludedinSchedule-I( presentlyonly21
Nos.products)
•ChoiceofproductsarenoteitherbasedonCRMorToxicitypresence
•Massbalancingsystemtoauditthematerialsleakages
•Capacity,infrastructureandtechnicalcapabilityauditingfor407
authorisedrecyclers
Present Challenges
•ProcessauditforPROs/Dismantlers/Recyclerstosetabenchmark
•CitizenAwarenessandskilledmanpower
•Affordableinfrastructure:machine&equipmenttoextractthematerials
•Affordableprocesstechnology:machineandequipmenttoextractthe
materials

7. 1.EffectiveAwarenesstostakeholders
2.Lowcostprocessingtechnology
3.AffordableMachineandequipment
MeitY’sInitiatives on Sustainable E-Waste Management
4.Promotestart-upsandentrepreneurship
5.CreatingSkilledmanpower

8. .............sensitising citizens..... .............sensitising citizens.....

9. website:
www.greene.gov.in
E-waste Awareness Programme
(2015-2020)
GreenE: Footprint created…

10. ResourcesResourcesCreatedCreated
•Stakeholderspecificcontents
•Trainingmanual,shortfilms,postersetc.
createdforATL/BTLActivities
•Online/SocialMediaEngagement
Awareness Programme: Salient Achievements
GreenE
Mascot
•FreelyavailableinGreenEwebsiteforcitizen
•eLearningContentfor 7
th
to9
th
std.students
developedforDIKSHAPlatform
•Standardprotocoltocarryoute-wasteinventory
studydevelopedforMoEF&CC,CPCB
Mobile App
Facebook–
My.Greene
YouTube -
IamGreene
Twitter -@Greene
Source:httpsSource:https://://greene.gov.ingreene.gov.in//

11. OutreachOutreach
•31StatesandUTscovered
•1923Activity/Workshop
•Total Participants :16,52,031
(RWA 2,79,687, Bulk Consumer:3,69,839,
School:4,53,605, College:4,37,50, Informal operator:4815,
Manufacturer & Dealers:5902, Refurbisher:5,048 &
Govt. Agencies: 1701)
Awareness Programme: Salient Achievements
•MassAwareness:2813cinema:20,11,62,090
•GreenEChampionscreated: 1247
Colleges
School
Distributors RWA

12. ............. ... Creating technology.... ..... ............. ... Creating technology.... .....

13. Recycling Technology-low cost
1.PCBProcessingtechnologyphysicalseparationmethodsandupscaled
oPulverization,physicalseparation,chemicalleachingetc.
oPilotPlantleveldemonstrationdonetorecoverpreciousmetalfrom1
MetricTonnesofe-wastewitharecoveryrateof95%.
oCommercialization NML,Jamshedpur
PrintedCircuitBoard
2.Printedcircuitboardsprocessingtechnologywassuccessfullydeveloped&
demonstrated
oDepopulation,pyrolysis,calciner,chemicalleachingetc.
CMET,Hyderabad&E-parisara,Bangalore
Accomplished during 2007-2010

14. EPPL BangaloreC-MET Hyderabad
Status:
Technology Transferred to
M/s NamoRecycling
End user:
Copper smelters, E-waste
Recycling Technology-low cost
Capacity: 300 TPA
Capacity: 30 TPA
Copper smelters, E-waste
recyclers
100Kg PCB (3.5MT e-waste) /batch 1000Kg PCB (35MT e-waste) /day
Accomplished during 2010-2014

15. Grinding, washing
mechanical recycling
Recycling Technology-low cost
WEEEPlastics
Collection, segregation/
identification of plastics
Blending with additives & fillers
for properties optimization
CIPET,Bhubaneswar
7 categories of plastics: (ABS, HIPS, PC, PP, PVC, nylons, Epoxy,
phenolic, Polyesters etc.)oHomogenoustypeType1:(76%):housing,mouseetc..Processingtechnologydeveloped
toconverttheseplastictoMasterbatchforvalueaddedproduct,gainedvirginproperties,
Processpatented.
oHeterogeneoustype:Type2(20.5%):connectors,cartridge,etc.,&Type3(3.5%):
ThermosetplasticscontainingBFR,fillers&heavymetals
Status: Technology Transferred Neel PlastPvt. Ltd. Bhubaneswar
Accomplished during 2009-2012

16. .............promoting start-ups/SMEs .............promoting start-ups/SMEs
with indigenous technology.....

17. Vision
•Self-sustainingecosystemcapableofmanagingIndia’se-waste
Mission
•Toleadtransformationsbycreatingaconducivee-wastemanagement
environmentwhichnurturesinnovation,entrepreneurshipandcapacity
building
Goal
•CompleterecyclingsolutionsforspentPCBs,Li-IonBatteries,Phosphors,
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
•CompleterecyclingsolutionsforspentPCBs,Li-IonBatteries,Phosphors,
PermanentMagnetsandPVmodules
•Design&fabricationofcosteffectiveandenergyefficient process
equipmentforE-wasterecycling
•CreateIndianIntellectualProperty
ParticipatoryFunding
•MeitY:GoI(40%)+StateGovt.OfTelangana(40%)+Industry(20%)
AcademicCollaborations
•NationalNational:IITHyderabad,CIPET,Bhubaneswar
•InternationalInternational:NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies(NIES),Japan
Created on September 2019, for 5 yrs

18. Target Delivery
AffordableRecyclingProcessTechnology&Machines:IPGeneration
•PCB,Li-ionBatteries,phosphors,permanentmagnetsandPVmodules
Technologytransfer
•Dismantling&Training: 50SMEs
•E-wasteRecycling: 12start-ups
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
•E-wasteRecycling: 12start-ups
•EmpowermentofInformalSectors: 10
Training/SkillDevelopmentandCapacitybuilding
•RoHSpractices: 100SMEs
•Collaborationwithacademicinstitutions4Ph.Ds&20M.Techs
DedicatedInfrastructure
•500KgPCB/dayE-wasteprocessingfacilityatTelanganaGovt.Site

19. Collection
Spent PCBs
Pyrometallurgicalprocess Hydrometallurgicalprocess
Black copper
Casting
Smelting
Leaching
reactor
Electro refining
TRL:6
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
Shredding
Silver
Technology Offerings
Electro refining
Gold
Copper
Achievements
•Spent PCB recycling technology augmented to 300 Kg/ day capacity
•Recycling services to 5 industries for recovery of precious metals
•Completed design augmentation of recycling process equipment: 1000 kg/ day.
•Designed the dismantling system for small, medium and large equipment.
•IP created
PCB recycling process optimised

20. TRL:4
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
Achievement
•100 % extraction of Lithium achieved
•90 % Co extraction and 100 % Mn extraction achieved using selective solvent
•IP under preparation
Selective metal recovery process from waste Li-ion batteries: Hydrometallurgical route
Technology Offerings

21. Cathode material
Smelting with flux
Metal alloy Slag
Co, Mn, Ni Al, Li
TRL:4
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
Achievement
•High metal recovery with less burning loss
•IP created
Selective metal recovery process from waste
Li-ion batteries: Pyrometallurgicalroute
Solvent extractionSelective precipitation
Hydrometallurgical
route
Pouring of LIB meltMetal alloy
Technology Offerings

22. TRL:4
NdFeBPowder
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
Achievement
•IP created Rare Earth elements extraction from Spent Permanent Magnets
RE precipitate
RE oxideTechnology Offerings

23. Waste FLs
Crushing FLs
using Bulb eater
Removal of
Mercury (Hg)
Waste
Phosphors
Waste FLs
Bulb eater
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
TRL:5
Spent Phosphors
Acid Leaching (H
2
SO
4
)
Sulfate solution of Eu, Y,
Ce & Tb and other metals
as impurities
Solvent Extraction
Red Phosphor:
Y
2
O
3
: Eu
3+
Y-67.2%, Eu-6.5%
Green Phosphor:
CeMgAl
10
O
17
:Tb
3+
Ce-9.5% Tb-5.3%,
Mg-5.7%,Al-31.3%
Acid leaching
Rare Earths & other
metals as impurities
Solvent Extraction
Mixed Rare
Earth oxides
Mixed Rare Earth Oxides
Rare Earth elements extraction from Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Phosphors
Technology Offerings
Solvent Extraction
Rare Earth nitrates
Rare Earth Oxides
Calcination
Mg, Al, Ba
(Aqueous phase)
Y, Eu, Tb, Ce
(Organic phase)
Waste Phosphors
Mg-5.7%,Al-31.3%
Blue Phosphor:
BaMgAl
10
O
17
: Eu
2+
Eu-1.9%,
Ba-12.4%, Mg-2.7%,
Al-32.4%
•IP created

24. Recovery of valuable materials from
silicon solar cells
a)Collection b) dismantling &
c) & d) separation of Solar cells from
discarded solar cell panel
a) b) c)
d)
Discarded solar
cell panel
Physical dismantling and
separation of Si solar cells
Thermal
treatment
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
TRL:2
Thermal treatment of solar cell
Hot air oven at ~400
0
C
Waste solar cells sample after 7 h heating
(~400
0
C) a) Front & b) Back View
Recovery of valuable materials from
end-of life silicon solar cells
Recovery of solar grade Si
Removal of anti
reflection layer and
other metals
Chemical processing
(dissolution and
extraction)
Treatment of waste
chemicals
Technology Offerings

25. Technology transferred to M/s NAMO eWaste, Faridabad
Interested for Technology roll out
SadbhavanaSevasamasthe
Industry Engagement: Industry Engagement: PCB RecyclingPCB Recycling
Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
Industry Engagement: Industry Engagement: Lithium ion batteries Recycling Lithium ion batteries Recycling
SadbhavanaSevasamasthe
Interested for Technology Partnership

26. Centre of Excellence on
E-Waste Management
2 Years M.Tech. programmein
EE--waste Resource Engineering & Management waste Resource Engineering & Management
Centre for Materials for
Electronics Technology
PCB recycling training
RoHStraining

27. ............ ... skilled manpower and entrepreneurship....

28. Target
•Skilledmanpower&entrepreneurshipdevelopmentdismantling&segregation
•Training&demonstrationfacilityatNEstates
•GenerateemploymentandbusinessfortheskilledyouthatrecyclingindustryGoal
(i)MasterTrainers:20nos
(ii)Trainedskilledentrepreneurs:240nos.(30fromeach8States)
Capacity building, skill & entrepreneurship
development for youth at NE states
(ii)Trainedskilledentrepreneurs:240nos.(30fromeach8States)Achievements
•Industry/trainingagenciesfortrainingandhand-holdingengaged
•Trainingmaterials/Basiccoursecurriculum,SoPetc.designedanddeveloped
•8StateGovt.agreedforhandholding/implementingsupports
•Smartclassroom,LMSwithVC&whiteboardsoftwarecreatedonlinetraining
•Dedicatedsitewww.ewasteskills.nielit.gov.indeveloped
•Creatingindustryeco-systemforstartupsbeingexploredwithMSME,Sikkim
Created on February 2020, for 2 yrs

29. ............ towards circular economy....

31. •R2R-legislation intendstoallowconsumerstheabilitytorepairandmodify
theirownconsumerelectronicdevices,whereotherwisethemanufacturers
forcesconsumerstoonlyusetheirservices
•USA :SouthDakota,NewYork,Minnesota,&Massachusetts—introduced"R2R"laws(2014-
2016)tomandateOEMstoprovidetherequiredinfo.&documentationforconsumers&3
rd
partyrepairerforthejob.25Statesintroducedsimilarlegislationin2019.EU’slegislation,2019
saysmanufacturersmandatestosupplyreplacementpartsfor10yearssince2021
•Against:OEMconsidersthisasbreachofIP,threattopeoplesafety,argueshackerscould
insertvulnerabilitiesinrepaireddevicestoaffectauser'sprivacy&security
•For :slowingtherateofrecycling,reduceenergyconsumptionforrecyclingaswellasfresh
production,henceenvironmentprotection
Global Scenario to ensure Circular Economy
•Recyclingstandards:CENELEC,GlobalRecycledStandard(GRS),ISO,R2
Standards
•Eco-labelsandGreenStickers forsustainability:energyconsumption/creating
pollution
•CircularEconomyIndicator:
Rawmaterialconsumption,CRM,Lifecycleanalysis,
EoLrecyclingrate,Recyclingrates,Recyclabilitybenefitrate,Energyrecoverability
benefitrate,TradeinSRM,Wastegeneration,WEEEmanagementetc.
•GreenPublicProcurement
toensuremoreresource-efficienteconomy,criticalmass
ofdemandforsustainablegoodsandservices,stimulusforeco-innovation.

32. •DesignRequirements: Productsdesignedforobsolescenceratherthan
longevityorrepairorupgradeorremanufacture
•Fundamentallegalbarrierspreventingaccessiblerepair:IPRinfringements,
•Non-legalbarriers:Lackofawareness,knowledge, tools,manualsorspare
parts,costsofrepair,timeandconvenience,lackoftrust,riskofpoorquality&
availabilityofcheapnewproductsmakesrepairalesscompetitiveoption
Circular Economy Challenges: Design for Environment (DfE)
availabilityofcheapnewproductsmakesrepairalesscompetitiveoption
•Consumerpreferencesandattitudesnotfavoringrepair :Culturalaspectsthat
makerepairlessdesirableindependentofcostsandotherbarriers
•FairRepair-bills:OEMstoproviderepairservice,servicedocumentation,
diagnostics,tools,firmware&servicepartsavailable,onfairandreasonable
terms,totheircustomersandtoindependentrepairtechnicians

33. •Designlifetimes/Plannedobsolescencepreventsrepair
•End-userlicenseagreement /salescontractsforbidsrepair,modificationofsoftware-
enabledproducts,usenon-OEMparts.ViolationextendstobreachofcontractIPlaws
•Dissembling proprietaryscrews/slim,compact&sleekmakeproducts non-removable
batteriesisdifficult,sorepairbecomeimpossible
•OEMrefusetoprovidespareparts /softwaresupporttootherrepairers
•Unauthorizeddistributionofsoftware,restorationofoperationofdisksisunlawful,
breakingtechnicalsoftwarelocksisagainstCopyrightlaw
Circular Economy Barriers: Repairing Sector
breakingtechnicalsoftwarelocksisagainstCopyrightlaw
•Designmeasures: Softwaredopingpreventsproductsworkwith3rdpartyparts/
Equipmentcompatibilityissue(e.g.printersinkcartridges/electronicsbatterychargers)
•Technicallockonsoftware incl.DigitalRightsManagement(DRM)andTechnical
ProtectionMeasures(TPM)
•Softwarerepair/ copyingcodesisinfringement.Updatedembeddedsoftwaremakes
repaireddevicelessfunctional,posesecurityrisks,orlosestheabilitytoretrievedata
•Lackofawareness: consumerrights/legalityofwarrantypreventsR2R

34. •Productstodesignlongevityorrepair
•DesignforEnvironment(DfE)toReuse/refurbished/minimizee-waste
•REtoconsiderduringmanufacturingprocess.TocreateawarenessonRE&
CEbenefits
•TotrackSRM(secondaryrawmaterials)orCRM(criticalrawmaterials)
•MotivationorincentiveforGreendesignandinnovation
Way Forward: Circular Economyin India
•MotivationorincentiveforGreendesignandinnovation
•Legislativeandregulatoryframework:RighttoRepair,Echo-leveltopromote
circulareconomy
•Standardsforrefurbishments,Dismantling,Segregation&Recycling
•E-wasteManagementRules2016 allowsrefurbishedelectronicsproducts.
CRO(compulsoryregistrationobligations)toprovideappropriatestandards
•Consumerstoprovidechoiceforsafety/qualitystd.forrefurbishedproducts