earth and other planets amd its solar system .ppt

science amd space

1. Solar systemSolar system

2. PlanetsPlanets

3. About PlanetsAbout Planets
Planets are the large celestial bodies which revolve Planets are the large celestial bodies which revolve
around the sun in closed elliptical paths called around the sun in closed elliptical paths called
orbits. The planets shine because they reflect the orbits. The planets shine because they reflect the
light of the sun which falls on them.The easiest light of the sun which falls on them.The easiest
way to distinguish planets from the stars in the way to distinguish planets from the stars in the
night sky is that the stars twinkle at night but the night sky is that the stars twinkle at night but the
planets do not twinkle at night.The planets move planets do not twinkle at night.The planets move
around the sun from west to east, so the relative around the sun from west to east, so the relative
positions of the planets in the night sky keep positions of the planets in the night sky keep
changing day by day. The planets are very small as changing day by day. The planets are very small as
compared to the sun or other stars.compared to the sun or other stars.

4. There are eight planets in the solar system -There are eight planets in the solar system -
1. Mercury1. Mercury
2. Venus2. Venus
3. Earth3. Earth
4. Mars4. Mars
5. Jupiter5. Jupiter
6. Saturn6. Saturn
7. Uranus7. Uranus
8. Neptune8. Neptune

6. Inner PlanetsInner Planets
Mercury,Venus,Earth and Mars are Mercury,Venus,Earth and Mars are
inner planets. They are made of rocks inner planets. They are made of rocks
and have metallic cores. They are and have metallic cores. They are
comparatively small and dense bodies comparatively small and dense bodies
having solid surfaces like our Earth. having solid surfaces like our Earth.
Earth is the biggest of the four inner Earth is the biggest of the four inner
planetsplanets

7. Outer planetsOuter planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called
outer planets.The first four outer planets are very outer planets.The first four outer planets are very
giant. They are made of hydrogen and helium gases giant. They are made of hydrogen and helium gases
and not of rock and metal. and not of rock and metal.
All the planets revolve around the sun and also All the planets revolve around the sun and also
rotate on their axis. Some important facts and rotate on their axis. Some important facts and
figures about eight planets of the solar system are figures about eight planets of the solar system are
given on the next slide.given on the next slide.

8. Some important facts about Some important facts about
planetsplanets
Name of Diameter Distance Time taken to turn no.ofName of Diameter Distance Time taken to turn no.of
Planet of planet from sun once on its axis moonsPlanet of planet from sun once on its axis moons
Mercury 4880km 58*10Mercury 4880km 58*106 6 58 days None58 days None
Venus 12100 km 108*10Venus 12100 km 108*1066 225 days None 225 days None
Earth 12760km 150*10Earth 12760km 150*1066 356 1/4 days 1 356 1/4 days 1
Mars 6780km 228*10Mars 6780km 228*106 6 687 days 2 687 days 2
Jupiter 142800km 778*10Jupiter 142800km 778*106 6 11 ¾ years 28 11 ¾ years 28
Saturn 120000km 1427*10Saturn 120000km 1427*1066 29 ½ years 30 29 ½ years 30
Uranus 50800km 2870*10Uranus 50800km 2870*1066 84 years 21 84 years 21
Neptune 48600km 4504*10Neptune 48600km 4504*1066 165 years 8 165 years 8

9. MercuryMercury
Mercury is the first planet from the earth.During day time Mercury is the first planet from the earth.During day time
the surface of the mercury heats up to 430the surface of the mercury heats up to 430° but during ° but during
night the temperature falls up to -180° c due to lack of night the temperature falls up to -180° c due to lack of
atmosphere. Mercury has a rocky surface which is covered atmosphere. Mercury has a rocky surface which is covered
with craters.Mercury is sometimes visible from earth,just with craters.Mercury is sometimes visible from earth,just
after sunrise or sunset. When mercury is visible just before after sunrise or sunset. When mercury is visible just before
sunrise in the morning ,it is called “Morning star” and sunrise in the morning ,it is called “Morning star” and
when it is visible just after sunset, then it is called when it is visible just after sunset, then it is called
“Evening star”.It can be seen as morning star in the “Evening star”.It can be seen as morning star in the
eastern sky in the month September and October or as eastern sky in the month September and October or as
evening star in the western sky in the month March and evening star in the western sky in the month March and
April .April .

10. Planet mercury show phases like moon. This is due to the Planet mercury show phases like moon. This is due to the
fact that the mercury lies in the orbit of the earth. So, as fact that the mercury lies in the orbit of the earth. So, as
mercury revolves around the sun, its sunlit surface is visible mercury revolves around the sun, its sunlit surface is visible
in varying amounts from the earth this produces phases of in varying amounts from the earth this produces phases of
mercury. Many features of the mercury and Earth’s moon mercury. Many features of the mercury and Earth’s moon
are as follows:are as follows:
1] Mercury and moon both are nearly of the same size and1] Mercury and moon both are nearly of the same size and
mass. mass.
2] Mercury and moon both have no atmosphere.2] Mercury and moon both have no atmosphere.
3] Mercury and moon both have rocky surface covered with3] Mercury and moon both have rocky surface covered with
craters. craters.
Mercury and moon both show phases when viewed from Mercury and moon both show phases when viewed from
the earth.the earth.

11. Mercury

12. VenusVenus
Venus is the second planet from the earth Venus is slightly Venus is the second planet from the earth Venus is slightly
smaller than the earth.Venus is a rocky planet. The planet smaller than the earth.Venus is a rocky planet. The planet
Venus has a dense atmosphere which consists almost Venus has a dense atmosphere which consists almost
entirely of carbon dioxide gas.The cloudy atmosphere of entirely of carbon dioxide gas.The cloudy atmosphere of
Venus is an excellent reflector of sun light. The planet Venus is an excellent reflector of sun light. The planet
Venus is the brightest object in the night sky(except the Venus is the brightest object in the night sky(except the
moon).Being quite near to the sun , the planet Venus is moon).Being quite near to the sun , the planet Venus is
very hot .The planet Venus also gets heated excessively by very hot .The planet Venus also gets heated excessively by
the trapping of the sun’s heat rays by carbon dioxide gas the trapping of the sun’s heat rays by carbon dioxide gas
present in its atmosphere which is also called green house present in its atmosphere which is also called green house
effect The maximum temperature on the planet is 480effect The maximum temperature on the planet is 480°c.°c.

13. The planet Venus can be seen as a morning star in the The planet Venus can be seen as a morning star in the
eastern sky or as a evening star in the western sky eastern sky or as a evening star in the western sky
The venues shows phases like moon. This is due to The venues shows phases like moon. This is due to
the fact that the Venus lies inside the earth’s orbit. the fact that the Venus lies inside the earth’s orbit.
So, as Venus revolves around the sun,its sun-lit So, as Venus revolves around the sun,its sun-lit
surface is presented to the Earth in varying surface is presented to the Earth in varying
amounts. This produces the phases of the Venus.Life amounts. This produces the phases of the Venus.Life
cannot exist on the planet Venus because it is cannot exist on the planet Venus because it is
extremely hot,it has no water and there is no extremely hot,it has no water and there is no
sufficient oxygen in its atmosphere. Mercury and sufficient oxygen in its atmosphere. Mercury and
Venus are only two planets which have no satellites Venus are only two planets which have no satellites
or moons revolving around the sun. or moons revolving around the sun.

14. VenusVenus Venus

15. Venues : the hottest planet

16. EarthEarth
Earth is the third planet from the earth.When Earth is the third planet from the earth.When
viewed from the outer space,the earth appears viewed from the outer space,the earth appears
to be a blue and green ball due to the reflection to be a blue and green ball due to the reflection
of sunlight from water and land on its of sunlight from water and land on its
surface .The earth has an atmosphere contains surface .The earth has an atmosphere contains
gases like nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide, noble gases like nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide, noble
gases ,water vapor and some ozone .gases ,water vapor and some ozone .

17. EarthEarth

18. The earth rotates on its axis.It rotates on The earth rotates on its axis.It rotates on
an imaginary axis which phases which an imaginary axis which phases which
through its north and south pole. The through its north and south pole. The
average temperature of the surface of the average temperature of the surface of the
earth is 15earth is 15°c The earth has one natural °c The earth has one natural
satellite called moon. The two major satellite called moon. The two major
factors which factors which are responsible factors which factors which are responsible
for the existence of life on the planet earth for the existence of life on the planet earth
are :size of the earth and distance of the are :size of the earth and distance of the
earth from the sun.earth from the sun.

19. The motions of the earthThe motions of the earth
RotationRotation
The earth rotates or spin on an imaginary axis The earth rotates or spin on an imaginary axis
which phases through its north and south which phases through its north and south
poles.The earth completes one rotation on its poles.The earth completes one rotation on its
axis in 24 hours which we call one day. This axis in 24 hours which we call one day. This
causes day and night.The earth rotates on its causes day and night.The earth rotates on its
axis from east to west.The axis of rotation of axis from east to west.The axis of rotation of
earth is slightly tilted with respect to the plane earth is slightly tilted with respect to the plane
of its orbit around the sun. of its orbit around the sun.

20. The rotation of the earth The rotation of the earth
causes Day and Night.causes Day and Night.
An important consequence of the rotation of the earth on An important consequence of the rotation of the earth on
its axis is that it causes day and night on the earth. As the its axis is that it causes day and night on the earth. As the
earth rotates on its axis, first one half of the Earth is earth rotates on its axis, first one half of the Earth is
turned around towards the sun. This part of earth receives turned around towards the sun. This part of earth receives
sunlight and has day on it. The part of earth which is sunlight and has day on it. The part of earth which is
turned away from the sun does not receive any sunlight, it turned away from the sun does not receive any sunlight, it
remains dark and has night.Almost every 12 hours, a day remains dark and has night.Almost every 12 hours, a day
changes into night, and a night changes into day.The changes into night, and a night changes into day.The
change in the length of a day and night is, however, change in the length of a day and night is, however,
caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis.caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis.

22. Satellite of the Earth:Moon

23. The Motion of the Earth Around The Motion of the Earth Around
the Sun Causes Seasonsthe Sun Causes Seasons
An important consequence of the revolution of the An important consequence of the revolution of the
Earth around the sun is that it causes seasons on Earth around the sun is that it causes seasons on
the earth such as summer, winter, spring and the earth such as summer, winter, spring and
autumn. Two factors are responsible for causing autumn. Two factors are responsible for causing
different seasons on the Earth.These are:different seasons on the Earth.These are:
1. Motions of the earth around the sun once every 1. Motions of the earth around the sun once every
year. year.
2. Tilt of the Earth’s axis to the plane of its orbit 2. Tilt of the Earth’s axis to the plane of its orbit
around the sun. around the sun.

25. In The Northern hemisphere:In The Northern hemisphere:
1)It is winter when the earth is closer to the sun.1)It is winter when the earth is closer to the sun.
2)It is summer when the earth is farther from the sun.2)It is summer when the earth is farther from the sun.
In the Southern hemisphere: In the Southern hemisphere:
1)It is summer when the earth is closer to the sun.1)It is summer when the earth is closer to the sun.
2)It is winter when the earth is farther from the sun.2)It is winter when the earth is farther from the sun.
Earth has its own satellite (moon)The different views Earth has its own satellite (moon)The different views
of the moon as seen from the earth are called phases of the moon as seen from the earth are called phases
of the moon.of the moon.

26. MarsMars
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.Mars is also Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.Mars is also
called the Red planet because its surface appears called the Red planet because its surface appears
red.The red color of Mars is caused by the presence red.The red color of Mars is caused by the presence
of hydrated iron oxide compound on its soil.of hydrated iron oxide compound on its soil.
Of all of the planets, Mars is most like the Of all of the planets, Mars is most like the
Earth.Mars is a rocky planet. Mars has a thin Earth.Mars is a rocky planet. Mars has a thin
atmosphere as compared to the Earth. The thin atmosphere as compared to the Earth. The thin
atmosphere of mars contains mainly carbon dioxide atmosphere of mars contains mainly carbon dioxide
with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, noble with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, noble
gases and water vapour. gases and water vapour.

27. Since the planet Mars is very far off from the Sun, Since the planet Mars is very far off from the Sun,
so it is quite cold planet. The surface temperature so it is quite cold planet. The surface temperature
on Mars varies from a minimum of, -87on Mars varies from a minimum of, -87°c to a °c to a
maximum of 17°c. It has no water. The maximum of 17°c. It has no water. The
atmosphere of mars is so thin that it allows the atmosphere of mars is so thin that it allows the
deadly ultra violet rays of the sun to reach its deadly ultra violet rays of the sun to reach its
surface.Though no evidence of the existence of surface.Though no evidence of the existence of
any form of life on mars has been found so far but any form of life on mars has been found so far but
investigations are still going on.Mars has two investigations are still going on.Mars has two
natural satellites called ‘phobos’ and ‘Deimos’.natural satellites called ‘phobos’ and ‘Deimos’.

28. Mars

29. JupiterJupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the earth.Jupiter is the Jupiter is the fifth planet from the earth.Jupiter is the
biggest planet of the solar system.The diameter of biggest planet of the solar system.The diameter of
Jupiter is 11 times the diameter of the Earth and mass Jupiter is 11 times the diameter of the Earth and mass
is about 318 times that of the Earth.Because of its very is about 318 times that of the Earth.Because of its very
big size, Jupiter can be seen easily in the night big size, Jupiter can be seen easily in the night
sky.Jupiter is made mainly of hydrogen and helium sky.Jupiter is made mainly of hydrogen and helium
gases. Jupiter has a very deep atmosphere . The gases. Jupiter has a very deep atmosphere . The
atmosphere of the Jupiter consists of helium, hydrogen, atmosphere of the Jupiter consists of helium, hydrogen,
methane and ammonia.The surface of the Jupiter is methane and ammonia.The surface of the Jupiter is
mainly made of liquid hydrogen.mainly made of liquid hydrogen.

30. Jupiter is the first of the gas type planets. Jupiter is the first of the gas type planets.
Below the surface, increasing pressure changes Below the surface, increasing pressure changes
this liquid this liquid hydrogen to solid this liquid this liquid hydrogen to solid
state.Jupiter appears to be the brightest object state.Jupiter appears to be the brightest object
in the night sky. Jupiter’s bright appearance is in the night sky. Jupiter’s bright appearance is
due to the fact that is it has a thick, cloudy due to the fact that is it has a thick, cloudy
atmosphere which reflects most of the sunlight atmosphere which reflects most of the sunlight
falling on it.Jupiter is a very cold planet, its falling on it.Jupiter is a very cold planet, its
surface temperature being,-180surface temperature being,-180°c. Jupiter has °c. Jupiter has
28 satellites .It has also some faint rings 28 satellites .It has also some faint rings
around it.around it.

31. JupiterJupiter

32. SaturnSaturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun.Saturn is somewhat
smaller in size and mass than Jupiter.Saturn is the second
biggest planet in the solar system.The distance of Saturn is
almost double that of Jupiter The chemical composition of
Saturn is very similar to that of Jupiter.Thus, Saturn is
made up mainly of hydrogen and helium gases.The
atmosphere of Saturn consists of hydrogen, helium,
methane and ammonia gases.Saturn has no solid
surface.The surface of Saturn is liquid hydrogen.Below the
surface is frozen hydrogen.The most distinguish feature of
Saturn is the system of colorful rings which surround it.

33. Three distinct sets of rings of Saturn are visible from Three distinct sets of rings of Saturn are visible from
earth. Saturn is the only planet with a system of earth. Saturn is the only planet with a system of
well-developed rings encircling it.The rings of well-developed rings encircling it.The rings of
Saturn are made up of tiny particles, all orbiting the Saturn are made up of tiny particles, all orbiting the
Saturn like miniature satellites The rings of Saturn Saturn like miniature satellites The rings of Saturn
cannot be seen with naked eyes, they can be cannot be seen with naked eyes, they can be
observed only with the help of telescope.The observed only with the help of telescope.The
presence of a well-developed system of rings around presence of a well-developed system of rings around
Saturn makes it unique in the solar system.Rings Saturn makes it unique in the solar system.Rings
have now been discovered around other planets –have now been discovered around other planets –
Jupiter, Uranus and NeptuneJupiter, Uranus and Neptune

34. SaturnSaturn

35. Saturn is the most beautiful of all the planets. Saturn is the most beautiful of all the planets.
Being far off from the sun, Saturn is an Being far off from the sun, Saturn is an
extremely cold planet.The surface temperature on extremely cold planet.The surface temperature on
Saturn is, -180Saturn is, -180°° C. So, no life can exist on Saturn. C. So, no life can exist on Saturn.
Saturn has the maximum number of satellites or Saturn has the maximum number of satellites or
moons of all the planets in the solar system.Saturn moons of all the planets in the solar system.Saturn
has 30 satellites.has 30 satellites.
the biggest and brightest satellite of Saturn is the biggest and brightest satellite of Saturn is
called Titan. Titan is bigger than the planet called Titan. Titan is bigger than the planet
mercury.mercury.

36. UranusUranus
Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun.Uranus was Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun.Uranus was
the first planet to have been discovered with the help of the first planet to have been discovered with the help of
a telescope.Uranus was discovered with the William a telescope.Uranus was discovered with the William
Herschel in the year 1781.Though the diameter of Herschel in the year 1781.Though the diameter of
Uranus is almost four times that of the Earth, it Uranus is almost four times that of the Earth, it
appears as a small disc through a telescope. This is appears as a small disc through a telescope. This is
because Uranus is very, very far off from the Earth.The because Uranus is very, very far off from the Earth.The
distance of Uranus from the sun is almost double that distance of Uranus from the sun is almost double that
of the Saturn.After Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is the of the Saturn.After Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is the
third biggest planet in the solar system.third biggest planet in the solar system.

37. After Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is the third After Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is the third
biggest planet in the solar system.biggest planet in the solar system.
Uranus is made up of mainly of hydrogen and Uranus is made up of mainly of hydrogen and
helium.It is surrounded by a thick atmosphere of helium.It is surrounded by a thick atmosphere of
hydrogen, helium and methane. Uranus is an hydrogen, helium and methane. Uranus is an
extremely cold planet, its surface temperature extremely cold planet, its surface temperature
being,-190being,-190°°C. It is also surrounded by an C. It is also surrounded by an
atmosphere of poisonous gases.Due to these atmosphere of poisonous gases.Due to these
reasons, no life can exist on the planet reasons, no life can exist on the planet
Uranus.The planet Uranus has 21 satellites or Uranus.The planet Uranus has 21 satellites or
moons. It has also some rings around it.moons. It has also some rings around it.

38. Uranus

39. Rings of Uranus

40. NeptuneNeptune
Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun.It lies beyond Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun.It lies beyond
the Uranus. Neptune is the second planet which is the Uranus. Neptune is the second planet which is
discovered with the help of telescope.Neptune was the discovered with the help of telescope.Neptune was the
first planet to be discovered as a result of predictions. first planet to be discovered as a result of predictions.
Neptune was discovered in 1846 as a result of the effect Neptune was discovered in 1846 as a result of the effect
of its gravitational pull on Uranus. The astronomers of its gravitational pull on Uranus. The astronomers
noticed that the planet Uranus was not moving in its noticed that the planet Uranus was not moving in its
orbit around the sun exactly as expected. The Uranus orbit around the sun exactly as expected. The Uranus
had a slightly,irregular orbit as if ,something, was had a slightly,irregular orbit as if ,something, was
pulling it out of its orbit due to its gravitational force.pulling it out of its orbit due to its gravitational force.

41. Neptune

42. In order to explain the deviation of Uranus from its normal
orbit , as an astronomer Le Verrier predicated the existence
of another planet beyond Uranus in June 1846. He thought
that this distant planet was disturbing the orbit of Uranus
due to its gravitational force. By making mathematical
calculations,Le Verrier even predicated the mass and size of
the unknown planet correctly.Le Verrier asked the
astronomers all over the world to search for the new planet
with their telescope .Johann Galle discovered this planet in
September1846.It was named Neptune.It was Newton's
Law of gravitation which formed the basis of Le Verrier’s
calculations which led to the discovery of planet Neptune.

43. The planet Neptune can be seen easily as a tiny The planet Neptune can be seen easily as a tiny
blue-green speck even by using the most powerful blue-green speck even by using the most powerful
telescope on the Earth.telescope on the Earth.
Neptune is about the same size and mass as Neptune is about the same size and mass as
Uranus.It is the last of the large planets. Neptune Uranus.It is the last of the large planets. Neptune
is mainly made up of liquid and frozen hydrogen is mainly made up of liquid and frozen hydrogen
and helium gases. The temperature of the surface and helium gases. The temperature of the surface
of Neptune is,-200C. No life can exist on the of Neptune is,-200C. No life can exist on the
planet Neptune. Neptune has 8 satellites.It has planet Neptune. Neptune has 8 satellites.It has
also rings around it.also rings around it.

44. Signs of Zodiac Signs of Zodiac
Although Earth moves around the sun, but it
appears from the earth that the sun moves around
the Earth against the background of stars.The 12
constellations through which the sun passes during
the course of a year are known as the signs of
Zodiac.The sun appears in different constellation
during different parts of the year.The names of 12
zodiacal signs are given below.The Indian name for
zodiacal sings are given in the next slide.

45. Zodiacal Signs(Rashi)Zodiacal Signs(Rashi)
1)1)Capricorn (Makar)Capricorn (Makar)
2)2)Aquarius (Kumbh)Aquarius (Kumbh)
3)3)Pisces (Meena)Pisces (Meena)
4)4)Aries (Mesh)Aries (Mesh)
5)5)Taurus (Vrish)Taurus (Vrish)
6)6)Gemini (Mithun)Gemini (Mithun)
7)7)Cancer (Karka)Cancer (Karka)
8)8)Leo (Simha)Leo (Simha)
9)9)Virgo (Kanya)Virgo (Kanya)
10)10)Libra (Tula)Libra (Tula)
11)11)Scorpio (Vrischak)Scorpio (Vrischak)
12)12)Sagittarius (Dhanu)Sagittarius (Dhanu)

46. Thank youThank you
Presented by-Presented by-
Anshuma Bharti Anshuma Bharti
8 ‘ c’8 ‘ c’