Earthquakes and Fault, Epicenter Focus and Faults and Seismic Waves

Earthquakes and Fault, Epicenter Focus and Faults and Seismic Waves.

1. Prepared by: Mrs. Ivy Lynne M. Esguerra

2. Quarter 2 – Module 1 Earthquakes and Faults S8ES-IIA-14

3. Unlocking of terms: Fault – is a break in the Earth’s crust, and along the break which movement has occurred. Earthquake – vibration of Earth due to rapid release of energy Plate – rigid section of the lithosphere that moves as a unit Epicenter – the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. Magnitude – a number that shows the power of an earthquake

4. A. Review:

5. B. Motivation:

6. D i r e c tions: Identify the 4 given pictures that depict one situation. Guess what the pictures say all about. Jumbled letters are provided.

7. GAME?

8. R H T A E

9. EARTH

10. THEARAQUEK

11. EARTHQUAKE

12. LFUATS

13. FAULTS

14. C. Learning Procedure: ACTIVITY 1: SHORT FILM SHOWING

15. What is an earthquake? it is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

16. What causes earthquakes? It usually caused when rock (or the solid part of the earth) underground suddenly breaks along a fault.

17. There are two types of earthquake -Tectonic earthquake- are caused by the movement of the crustal or tectonic plates -Volcanic earthquake- caused by volcanic activity * Earthquakes occur in areas where the earth’s crust has cracked and produce weak spot called FAULT LINE .

18. F aults are fractures, or zone of weakness on the earth’s crust where ground movement or displacement has occurred or can happen

19. Three Types of Fault

20. when the hanging wall moves downward in relation to the foot wall

21. when the hanging wall moves upward in relation to foot wall

22. Strike-slip

23. Normal

24. Normal

25. R e v e r se

26. Strike-slip

27. Quarter 2 – Module 2 Epicenter, Focus and Faults S8ES-IIa-15

28. F A U L T L I N E

29. How Seismographs Work? A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the intensity and duration of an earthquake.

30. Se i smo g ra p h - m a chine Seismogram – seismic wave display record

31. Philippines is one of the countries included in the Ring of Fire , where the chain of active volcanoes and seismic activity site encircles in the Pacific Ocean. The movement from the ocean trenches, volcanic eruptions and epicenters of the earthquake happens along the boundaries of tectonic plates called fault lines and have evidence of seismic activity.

32. Active Fault is known to have recently generate earthquake in the last 10,000 years and likely to have another earthquake in the future, while Inactive Fault are the structures which do not showed or experienced any earthquake and any seismic activities in the last 10,000 years, but they may still generate any seismic activity like earthquake in the future.

33. The Marikina Valley Fault is the most dangerous fault line in the Philippines which can bring greatest danger along the portions of Metro Manila, like Quezon City, Marikina, Pasig, Makati, Taguig and Muntinlupa. Some part of CALABARZON and Doña Remedios Trinidad of Bulacan is also affected by this fault line.

34. Quarter 2 - Module 3 Seismic Waves S8ES-IIc-17

35. Types of Seismic Waves

36. Primary Waves (P Waves) A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground The first wave to arrive at an earthquake

37. Secondary Waves (S Waves) A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

38. Comparing Seismic Waves

39. Surface Waves (L Waves) Move along the Earth ’ s surface Travel more slowly than S and P waves More destructive

40. Typical Seismogram s t art finish How much time elapsed between the arrival of the P wave (start) and the arrival of the S wave (finish)?

41. Active and Inactive Fault -An active fault is likely to cause another earthquake sometime in the future. --faults are considered to be active if they have moved one or more times in at least 10,000 years. * Example is the Philippine West Valley Fault Line System and the Philippine Fault

42. T sunami a large ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake or a volcanic explosion.