Ebola Virus Disesse-Nursing Lecturing Notes

Nursing lecture about Ebola

1. WELCOME

2. “In 2014, a small village in West Africa reported a mysterious illness. It started with fever, weakness, and vomiting — but soon people began bleeding from their eyes and gums. Within weeks, hospitals were overwhelmed. Doctors and nurses had to wear full-body suits to protect themselves. The disease spread across borders, claiming over 11,000 lives.

3. EBOLA

4. Ebola or Ebola Virus Disease (EBV) is a rare but severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola Virus. It is a zoonotic disease transmitted from wild animals to humans and spread through human-to-human transmission INTRODUCTION

5. DEFINITION Ebola is an acute, severe, viral, hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus , characterized by fever, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

6. 1976 : First outbreak in Sudan and Zaire, Africa (present Democratic    Republic of the Congo, over 400 deaths. 1995 : Major outbreak in Kikwit, over 250 deaths 2014-16 : The largest and deadliest Ebola outbreak in history. In West     Africa, over 28,600 people were infected, and 11,325 people     died. INCIDENCE

7. 2018 : An outbreak occurred in the Democratic Republic of the    Congo, and about two-thirds of infected patients died. (    despite new tools like vaccines) Present (2025) : An outbreak was confirmed in Uganda, with 14        reported cases and four reported deaths. INCIDENCE

8. MODE OF TRANSMISSION ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN Fruit bats Non-human primates (Monkeys, Chimpanzees) HUMAN-TO-HUMAN Blood and body fluids Broken skin and the mucus membrane contaminated objects (needles, syringes)

9. INTUBATION PERIOD The incubation period for the Ebola virus is typically 2 to 21 days . On average, symptoms begin to appear 8 to 10 days after infection.

10. TYPES OF EBOLA VIRUS Zaire Ebola virus Sudan Ebola virus Taï Forest Ebola virus Bundibugyo Ebola virus Reston Ebola virus

11. RISK FACTORS Occupational Healthcare workers Funeral and burial workers Field researchers Environmental Poor sanitation and healthcare

12. RISK FACTORS Behavioral Consumption of bushmeat Unprotected sexual contact Individual Weak immunity Pregnancy

13. CLINICAL FEATURES High fever, chills Severe headache Myalgia Arthralgia Weakness Fatigue Sore throat Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Rash Hemorrhagic signs

14. Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Shock due to fluid loss and bleeding Multi-organ failure Neurological issues COMPLICATIONS

15. DIAGNOSIS Initial Assessment History collection Physical examination Lab Investigation RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) Antigen capture IgM and IgG antibody detection Serology

16. MANAGEMENT Medical Management Supportive therapy (since there is no specific cure) Fluid and electrolyte balance Oxygen therapy Blood transfusion if needed

17. Nursing Management Strict isolation Hygiene practice Safe burial practice Infection Control Monitor vitals, Intake/Output, level of consciousness Maintain fluid electrolyte balance Manage fever and pain Patient Care Health education Encourage vaccination Community Role

18. Awareness and education about Ebola to the communities Avoid contact with infected persons Proper waste management Practice proper hygiene Vaccination PREVENTION Primary

19. Secondary Isolate the patient from others Use PPE Avoid reuse of needles, syringes Handle the specimen carefully

20. Tertiary Safe burial of the deceased bodies Provide psychological support

21. IMMUNIZATION rVSV-ZEBOV Brand name: Ervebo Dose: Single intramuscular (0.5 ml) Zabdeno and Mvabea This is a two-dose regimen administered intramuscularly. Zabdeno is the first dose The second dose, Mvabea, is given approximately eight weeks (56 days) after the first dose.

22. CONCLUSION Ebola virus remains one of the deadliest viral hemorrhagic fevers, with devastating outbreaks in Africa. Nurses play a crucial role in both patient care, community awareness, and management

23. QUESTIONS

24. Biblography   Linda S Williams, Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing,7th Edition Brunner & Suddarth, Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, 2nd Edition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-disease

25. Thanks! Any questions?