Ecology of health, Right to health & health and development

A brief introduction to the concepts of Ecology and health, Right to health and the relationship between health and development.

1. Ecology of health Right to health Health and Development Dr. S. A. Rizwan, M.D., Assistant Professor Department of Community M edicine VMCHRI, M adurai

2. First things first… Agara mudhala ezhuthellam aadhi bhagavan mudhatrey ulagu . 2 /39

3. Recap… History of medicine – various civilizations, various concepts Concept of health and wellbeing Various methods to measure well being Spectrum of health Determinants of health 3 /39

4. Classify… 4 /39

5. Learning objectives At the end of this class, you should be able to Describe the relation between ecology and health Describe the right to health concept Describe the relation between health and development 5 /39

6. Ecology of health The relation between (wo)man and her/his environment 6 /39

7. Ecology of health G reek word ‘ oikos ’ meaning a house Human ecosystem Natural environment Man-made environment 7 /39

8. Natural environment 8 /39

9. Man made environment 9 /39

10. Ecology and health Health seen as an equilibrium between (wo)man and her/his environment 10 /39 (WO)MAN ENVIRON. HEALTH

11. Changes in environment affect health Urbanization Industrialization Deforestation Dams and canals Examples: Malaria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis , Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear accident 11 /39

12. Changes in environment affect health 12 /39

13. Importance of ecology Prevention and control of disease The greatest improvement in human health can be achieved through understanding environmental factors 13 /39

14. Summary The study of disease is really the study of (wo)man and her/his environment 14 /39

15. Questions… Which of the following is not a disease related to physical environment? Malaria Dengue Cholera Depression Give an example of environmental planning to protect health? 15 /39

16. Right to health A highly personal responsibility A major public concern 16 /39

17. Fundamental rights of the citizen Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to Freedom of Religion Cultural and Educational Rights Right to Constitutional Remedies 17 /39

18. Right to health One of the last rights to be acknowledged WHO constitution - fundamental right of every human to attain the highest possible standard of health Health is no longer charity but a right 18 /39

19. Responsibility for health Who is responsible? Individual Community State International 19 /39

20. Individual responsibility One cannot give health to another ‘Self-care’ Health related activities undertaken by the persons themselves Diet Sleep Exercise Period checkups Vaccination Early care seeking 20 /39

21. Community responsibility Active involvement of families and communities in health matters Three ways Provide manpower, logistics, funds Take part in planning Utilizing the services 21 /39

22. Examples of community responsibility 22 /39 Health care for the people, by the people.

23. State responsibility Constitution of India says that maintaining the health of the people is the responsibility of the state Alma Ata declaration gave rise to the Health of All 23 /39

24. Example for state responsibility 24 /39

25. International responsibility Cooperation between different countries Experts, drugs, control of communicable diseases Eg ., Smallpox, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco 25 /39

26. Example of international responsibility 26 /39

27. Summary The responsibility for good health begins with the individual 27 /39

28. Questions… G ive me an example for international responsibility in health? Name anything that exemplifies state responsibility for health 28 /39

29. Health and development Money is necessary to achieve good health Or is it? 29 /39

30. Relation between health and socio-economic development Health is necessary for socio-economic development of nations And the vice-versa is also true 30 /39

31. Example: money is health 31 /39

32. Example: money is health 32 /39

33. Money is not sufficient But economic development is not sufficient Social factors like education, employment, housing, freedom also important 33 /39

34. Example: money is not sufficient, USA & CUBA 34 /39 Indicator USA Cuba Life expectancy 77 years 78 years Infant deaths 5 6 Children deaths 8 8 Maternal deaths 49 13 Government expenditure on health 88% 44%

35. Example: money is not sufficient, INDIA & SRI LANKA, THAILAND 35 /39 Indicator India Sri Lanka Thailand Infant deaths 50 13 12 Children deaths 66 16 13 Immunization 66% 99% 98%

36. Example: money is not sufficient, KERALA 36 /39

37. Summary Money is necessary but not sufficient for achieving good health of the population 37 /39

38. Questions… What index is used to classify countries into developed or developing countries? What indicators are used to measure health of a nation? 38 /39

39. Take home messages The study of disease is really the study of (wo)man and her/his environment The responsibility for good health begins with the individual Money is necessary but not sufficient for achieving good health of the population 39 /39

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