Economic_Geography

Concept of Economic Geography and major economic activities

1. Concept of Economic Geography and Major Economic Activities -------- Presented By --------- Most. Rokaiya Akter ID: B200602001 Course Code: GEO- 1202 Course Title: Economic Geography Department of Geography and Environment Jagannath University, Dhaka

2. Concept of Economic Geography 1.1 Definition, scope, evolution and dynamic nature of economic geography 1.2 Relationship with other disciplines and science 1.3 Differences between economic geography and commercial geography 1.4 Importance of Economic Geography 2. Major Economic Activities 2.1 Primary economic activities 2.1.1 primitive economic activity 2.1.2 subsistence and commercial economic activities 2.1.3 Agriculture system 2.2 Manufacturing 2.3 Trade and International Business 2.4 Service sector 2.5 Transportation

3. What is Economic Geography? In the words of Hartshorn and Alexander(2000), Economic Geography is the study of the spatial variation on the earth’s surface of activities related to producing, exchanging and consuming goods and services. Money Money Figure: The full curricular flow of Economics. People ( Consumers ) Production And Distribution Goods and Services (Outputs) Resource ( Input )

4. Includes- Land ( Including Resources ) Capital Labour Knowledge Commodity

5. Natural Resources Economic Activities Man Location Climate Vegetation Soil Mineral Power Resources Relief Water Bodies etc. Population Distribution and Density Demographic Characteristics Age Group Education Technology Social Characteristics Cultural Characteristics Production: Agriculture Industry Exchange Trade Commerce Service: Technic Legal Medical Higher Economic Activities etc. Scope of Economic Geography Figure: Scope of Economic Geography

6. Evolution 16th Century: 19th Century: Europe Controlled Expand Business Making Colonial Countries Different Culture Different Resources Remarkable Book Published Full fill Demand

7. Post-1950’s: Recent: Revolution of Quantitative Analysis Use of Information and Communication Technology Rising New Economy Social and Spatial Divisions

8. Dynamic Nature Natural Science 2. Spatial Science 3. Theoretical Science Real World Activities Spatial Context Regional and Spatial Basis Subject and Theoretical Perspective Like Von Thunen’s theory, Weber Theory

9. 4. Analytical Science: How and Why particular issues work 5. Controlling: Production Consumption Exchange 6. Behavioural: Attitude of Business and Process

10. 7. Technical: Policies of Profits and Production 8. Structured: Industrial Office Rules Acquired and Managed 9. Functional: Practical Terms

11. Relationship with other discipline Climatology and Economic Geography Economics Economic Geography Economic Geography Environmental Economic Geography Historical Economic Geography Socio - Economic Geography Political Science and Economic Geography Anthropology and Economic Geography Botany and Economic Geography Figure: Relationship of Economic Geography with other discipline

12. Differences between economic geography and commercial geography Branch of Geography Subfield of human geography and economics 2. Studied- Economic Activities and Environment 3. Depends on- Variation on earth’s surface Producing, Exchanging and Consuming goods and services Economic Geography Branch of Economic Geography Studied- Commercial Activities and Environment 3. Depends on- Land Structure Population Climate Temperature etc. Commercial Geography

13. Importance of Economic Geography Agriculture Industries Labor Traders Political Scientist Research Planning National Security Tourism General People Figure: Importance of Economic Geography Economic Geography

14. Major Economic Activities Characteristics - Wealth producing Satisfying human wants Money Income Proper allocation of resources Development activities

15. Primary Tertiary Secondary Direct connection to nature Non- processed Natural Biological need Red collar Example: Hunting, gathering Changing form Processed Technical Application Manufactured Blue collar worker Example: manufactured goods Service sector Mental exercise Pink collar worker Example: Jobs Economic Activities Quaternary Quinary Ordinary services Skills White collar worker Example: Job with skill High skilled Analytical Specialized Gold collar worker Example: scientist Figure: Economic Activities

16. Primitive Economic Activity Agriculture East Africa Herding Alaska, Africa Hunting Northern America, Europe Gathering Brazil, Venezuela Primitive Economic Activity Figure: Primitive Economic Activity

17. Subsistence and Commercial Activities Subsistence Activities - Own Basic need Traditional Non cultured Underdeveloped countries Example: Asia, Africa

18. Commercial Activities- Complex Advance Specialized Profit Developed countries Oriental Example: Europe, American

19. Agriculture System An agriculture System is a collection of components that has it's overall purpose - Production of crops, Raising livestock, Produce food, fiber, Natural resources

20. Factors that influence Agriculture system 1. Terrain 2. Climate 3. Topography 4. Socio- cultural condition 5. Political condition

21. Types of Agriculture According to Whittlesey, there are thirteen types of agriculture. They are- 1. Nomadic herding Subsistence agriculture Animal husbandry Location: Northern part of Europe, Central Africa 2. Livestock ranching Commercial herding Animal herding Location: Western part of America, Australia

22. 3. Shifting cultivation Lack of fertility Mobile community Location : Northern part of South America , western part of Africa 4. Rudimentary tillas Began to permanent settlement Agriculture Location: Central America, western part of South America

23. 5. Intensive subsistence tillage with rice dominance Fertile land High production Population density Common product rice and fish Location: Asia, Thailand, Part of China 6. Intensive subsistence tillas without Paddy dominance Dry area High density of population Location: Southern Asia including China, Egypt and mexico 7. Commercial plantation Used for industrial purpose Commercial crops - sugarcane, coffee, oil, rubber, Farm is way from settlement Location: Sri Lanka, Ghana

24. 8. Mediterranean Agriculture and herding Winter agriculture with rain water Summer agriculture with the help of irrigation Location: Mediterranean region, California 9. Commercial grain farming Crops and corns Business purpose Huge area Location: USA, Canada, Argentina

25. 10. Commercial livestock and crops farming Mixed agriculture Animal and crops farming Location: Mid latitude humid area - New Zealand, British Island without Asia and Europe 11. Crops and stock farming Origin from Europe Subsistence agriculture Location: Europe

26. 12. Commercial dairy farming Commercial Milk production Location: Europe 13. Specialized horticulture Ancient agriculture Purpose for subsistence Location: Mediterranean climatic zone

27. Manufacturing Changing form of a products from primary to secondary or tertiary. Characteristics : Changing the form of goods Involves division of labour Operation conducts in factories

28. Types of Manufacturing Manufacturing is three types. Such as: Primitive or household Like, handmade products 2. Workshop or community Like, motorcar workshop 3. Modern factory and complex Like, phone, laptop

29. Trade and International business Involves the transfer of goods and services. Trade center: a place for collection and supplies Characteristics: Goal for exchanging Chance to make new market of products. Zone of collection and supplies. Employment Originated for people's need Consumer and producers market

30. International Business and Trade Exchange goods and services between two countries. Factors of good business: Fund Production Technology Skill Logistic support Communication Political condition

31. Service Sector Tertiary sectors of the economy. Characteristics: Consist of the soft parts of the economy. Production of the service People offer their knowledge and time Included attention, advice, access , experience and discussion. Example: Entertainment Information technology Banking Hospital Mass media Government

32. Consist of the Transportation Transportation is the movement of human , animals and goods from one place to another. Modes of transportation: Road transportation Maritime transportation Air transportation Rail transportation

33. Elements of transportation: Way Terminal Carrying unit Motive power Importance: Enhancing access to various locations Connecting business to stockholders Increasing economic productivity

34. THANK YOU…. Any Questions?