ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL ISSUES PDF FOR RBI GRADE B EXAM

ESI STATIC FOR RBI EXAM

3. Thecategoryofunemployment arisingfromthemismatchbetweenthejobs
availableinthemarketandtheskillsoftheavailableworkersinthemarket
isknownas?
A.FrictionalUnemployment
B.CyclicUnemployment
C.StructuralUnemployment
D.DisguisedUnemployment
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.1

4. Answer: Option C
•Structuralchangescanbeduetochangeintechnology(fromlabourintensivetechnology
tocapitalintensivetechnology)orchangeinthepatternofdemand.
•Thus,structuralunemploymentisacategoryofunemploymentarisingfromthemismatch
betweenthejobsavailableinthemarketandtheskillsoftheavailableworkersinthe
market.

5. LabourForceParticipationRate(LFPR)isdefinedasthenumberof
personsinthe__________per1000persons.
A.Employedpersons
B.Unemployedpersons
C.TotalPopulation
D.A&B
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.2

6. Answer: Option D

7. Whichoneofthefollowingisthecorrectsequenceinthedecreasingorderof
contributionofdifferentsectorstotheGrossDomesticProductofIndia?
A.Services–Industry–Agriculture
B.Services–Agriculture–Industry
C.Industry–Services–Agriculture
D.Industry–Agriculture–Services
E.Agriculture–Industry–Services
Q.3

8. Answer: Option A

9. ResearchandDevelopment basedactivitycomesunder____________
activityandRetailtradefallsunder_________activity.
A.Primary,Quaternary
B.Tertiary,Secondary
C.Quaternary,Tertiary
D.Quaternary,Secondary
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.4

10. Answer: Option C
•Quaternary activities areeconomic activities that centre around research
and development.This primarily involves creating, organisingand interpreting
activities that focus on intellectual development.
➢Quaternary activities typically centre on research and development and involve
advanced services involving technical skills and specialisedknowledge. Some
examples of products and services offered by quaternary activities are robotics, the
internet of things, 3D printing, quantum computing and nanotechnology.
• Retail trade is a tertiary business activitythat involves selling goods and
services directly to customers and it occurs through local shops and retail stores
devoted to selling customers. Other selling tactics of retail trading can include
trucks, hand-to-hand cart selling, automatic vending machines, door-to-door
selling, public distribution systems, street peddling and mail order.
• Hence Option C is the answer.

11. Whichofthefollowingphenomenon includesHighinflation&highunemployment?
A.Deflation
B.Reflation
C.Disinflation
D.Skewinflation
E.Stagflation
Q.5

12. Answer: Option E
Reflationisafiscalormonetarypolicydesignedtoexpandoutput,stimulatespending,andcurbtheeffects
ofdeflation.Methodsofreflationarereducingtaxes,loweringinterestrates,changeinmoneysupply,capital
projectsetc.
Skewflationisatypeofinflationinwhichthepricesofasinglecommodityorasetofcommoditiesrisewhilethe
overallpricelevelremainsstable
Stagflationisaconditioninwhichsloweconomicgrowth(stagnation),risingprices(inflation),andrising
unemploymentallhappenatthesametime.Althoughitisrareforsloweconomicgrowthandhighinflationto
coexist,ithashappenedinthepast,andmanybelieveitcouldhappenagain.

13. Answer: Option E
Deflationistheeconomictermusedtodescribethedropinpricesforgoodsandservices.Deflationslowsdown
economicgrowth.Itnormallytakesplaceduringtimesofeconomicuncertaintywhenthedemandforgoodsand
servicesislower,alongwithhigherlevelsofunemployment.Whenpricesfall,theinflationratedropsbelow0%.
Deflation(andinflation)ratescanbecalculatedusingtheconsumerpriceindex(CPI).Thisindexmeasuresthe
changesinthepricelevelsofabasketofgoodsandservices.Theycanalsobemeasuredusingthegrossdomestic
product(GDP)deflator,whichmeasuresthepriceinflation
Disinflationoccurswhenpriceinflationslowsdowntemporarily.Unlikedeflation,thisisnotharmfultothe
economybecausetheinflationrateisreducedmarginallyoverashort-termperiod.Disinflationisthechangeinthe
rateofinflation.Pricesdonotdropduringperiodsofdisinflationanditdoesnotsignalaneconomicslowdown.
Disinflationisdemonstratedbyachangeintheinflationratefromoneyeartothenext.Sodisinflationwouldbe
measuredasachangeof4%fromoneyearto2.5%inthenext.

14. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?
A.Themajorreasonforcyclicalunemploymentisalackofdemandintheeconomyandaslowdownin
economicactivity.
B.Structuralunemploymentusuallyoccursduetothemismatchofskills.
C.Disguisedunemploymentiswhentoomanypeopleareemployedthanwhatisrequiredtoproduce
efficiently.
D.Theminimumamountofunemploymentthatprevailsinaneconomyduetoworkersquittingtheir
previousjobsandaresearchingfornewjobsiscalledInvoluntaryUnemployment
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.6

15. Answer: Option D
Cyclical unemploymentis due to a deficiency orfall in effective demandfrom consumers whichleads to a fall inproduction
and low demand for labor.
Structuralunemploymentrefersto a situation thatarises due to a change inthe structure of theeconomy. Example:
Aneconomy transformsitself from a Labour-intensive economy to aCapital intensiveeconomy.
Disguisedunemploymentiswhen too manypeople areemployed thanwhat is required toproduce efficiently.
Involuntaryunemploymentrefers to asituation whereworkers areseeking work andare willing to workbut are unable
toget work.
Hence Option D isthe answer.
·The minimum amount of unemployment that prevails in an economy due to workersquitting their previous jobs and are
searching for the new jobs is calledFrictional Unemployment.
·Voluntary unemploymentrefers to a situation where workers are either not seeking forwork or are in transition from
one job to another (quitting one job in search of anotherbetter job).
·Seasonal unemploymentoccurs during certain seasons of the year. In some industriesand occupations like
agriculture, holiday resorts etc., production activities take placeonly in some seasons.

16. WhatinflationrateRBIismandatedtomaintainintheeconomywitha
marginof2%oneitherside?

A.4%
B.2%
C.6%
D.5%
E.8%
Q.7

17. Answer: Option A
InMay2016,theReserveBankofIndia(RBI)Act,1934wasamendedtoprovidea
statutorybasisfortheimplementationoftheflexibleinflationtargeting
framework.
TheamendedRBIActalsoprovidesfortheinflationtargettobesetbythe
GovernmentofIndia,inconsultationwiththeReserveBank,onceineveryfive
years.Accordingly,theCentralGovernmentnotifiedintheOfficialGazette4per
centConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)inflationasthetargetfortheperiodfromAugust5,
2016toMarch31,2021withtheuppertolerancelimitof6percentandthelower
tolerancelimitof2percent.
OnMarch31,2021,theCentralGovernmentretainedtheinflationtargetandthe
tolerancebandforthenext5-yearperiod–April1,2021toMarch31,2026.

18. TheNationalStatisticalOrganization(NSO)comesunderwhichofthe
followingMinistriesoftheGovernmentofIndia?
A.MinistryofStatisticsandProgrammeImplementation
B.MinistryofFinance
C.MinistryofCommerceandIndustry
D.MinistryofHomeAffairs
E.MinistryofLabourandEmployment
Q.8

19. Answer: Option A
•TheNationalStatisticalOrganization(NSO)isheadedbyaDirector
GeneralandcomesundertheNationalStatisticalOfficeofthe
MinistryofStatisticsandProgrammeImplementation.Itis
responsibleforconductoflargescalesamplesurveysindiverse
fieldsonAllIndiabasis.
•Primarilydataarecollectedthroughnation-widehousehold
surveysonvarioussocio-economicsubjects,AnnualSurveyof
Industries(ASI),etc.

20. Arrangethefollowingcommittees inchronologicalorderintermsoftheir
formation:
1.RangarajanCommittee
2.LakdawalaCommittee
3.AlaghCommittee
4.TendulkarCommittee
Whichofthestatementsgivenaboveis/arecorrect?
A.3-2-4-1
B.1-4-2-3
C.1-3-2-4
D.4-2-1-3
E.2-1-3-4
Q.9

21. Answer: Option A

22. WhichofthefollowingisincorrectregardingWholesalePriceIndex?
A.ItispublishedbytheOfficeofEconomicAdviser,MinistryofCommerceandIndustry
B.Thebaseyearofitis2011-12
C.Itincludesgoodsonly.
D.The highest weightage in the index is given to the primary articles.
E.None of the above
Q.10

23. Answer: Option D
Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
WholesalePriceIndex(WPI)measurestheaveragechangeintheprices
ofcommoditiesforbulksaleatthelevelofearlystageoftransactions.
ItispublishedbytheOfficeofEconomicAdviser,Ministryof
CommerceandIndustry
Thebaseyearofitis2011-12
TheindexbasketoftheWPIcoverscommoditiesfallingunderthe
threeMajorGroupsnamelyPrimaryArticles,FuelandPowerand
Manufacturedproducts.

24. Answer: Option D

25. MontrealProtocolaimstoachievewhichofthefollowing?
A.Protecthumanhealthandtheenvironmentfromanthropogenicemissionsandreleasesof
mercury
B.Protecttheozonelayerbyphasingouttheproductionofnumeroussubstancesthatare
responsibleforozonedepletion
C.LimitGlobalwarmingtothe2degreeCelsiusincreasefrompreindustriallevel
D.ProvideaccesstoGeneticResourcesandtheFairandEquitableSharingofBenefitsArisingfrom
theirUtilization
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.11

26. Answer: Option B
TheMontrealProtocolonSubstancesthatDepletethe
OzoneLayerisaninternationaltreatydesignedtoprotect
theozonelayerbyphasingouttheproductionof
numeroussubstancesthatareresponsibleforozone
depletion.

27. WhichofthefollowingisnotacomponentofIndia'sForexreserve?
A.ForeignCurrencyassets
B.Goldreserves
C.SpecialDrawingRights(SDRs)
D.India'sreservepositionintheIMF
E.ForeignAssetswithindividuals
Q.12

28. Answer: Option E
•Foreignexchangeassetsservemanypurposesbutaremostsignificantlyheldto
ensurethatthecentralbankhasbackupfundsifthenationalcurrencyrapidly
devaluesorbecomesaltogetherinsolvent.
•Thefourcomponentsofforexreservesareforeigncurrencyassets,gold,special
drawingrightsandthereservepositionintheInternationalMonetaryFund.

29. Whichkindofpolicyinvolvesraisingtaxesorcuttinggovernment
spending,sothatitcutsupontheaggregatedemand(thus,
economicgrowth)toreducetheinflationarypressuresinthe
economy?
A.Neutral Fiscal policy
B.Contractionary Fiscal policy
C.Expansionary Fiscal Policy
D.Expansionary Monetary Policy
E.Contractionary Monetary Policy
Q.13

30. Answer: Option B

31. Therehasbeenpersistentdeficitbudgetyearafteryear.Whichaction/actionsof
thefollowingcanbetakenbytheGovernmenttoreducethedeficit?
1.Reducingrevenueexpenditure
2.IntroducingnewWelfareschemes
3.Rationalizingsubsidies
4.Reducingimportduty
Selectthecorrectanswerusingthecodegivenbelow:
A.1and3only
B.2and3only
C.3and4only
D.1only
E.1,2,3and4
Q.14

32. Answer: Option A
•Budgetdeficitisusedtodefineastatusoffinancialhealthinwhichexpendituresexceed
revenue.
•Introducingnewwelfareschemebybudgetarysupportwillexpandthebudgetexpenditurewhich
willwidenthedeficit.
•Similarly,reducingimportdutywillleadtolessrevenueforthegovernment,whichleadsto
increaseinbudgetdeficit.
•Rationalizingsubsidiesandreducingrevenueexpenditurearetwodirectwaysofreducingthe
fiscalburdenofthegovernmentofIndia

33. ThetermNationalIncomerepresents____________
A.Grossnationalproductatmarketpricesminusdepreciation
B.Grossnationalproductatmarketpricesminusdepreciationplusnetfactor
incomefromabroad
C.Grossnationalproductatmarketpricesminusdepreciationandindirect
taxesplussubsidies
D.Grossnationalproductatmarketpricesminusnetfactorincomefrom
abroad
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.15

34. Answer: Option C
NNP at FC = gross national product at market prices -depreciation -indirect taxes + subsidies

35. Therewillbe_________Budget,ifthesumofcapitalreceiptsandrevenuereceiptsisgreaterthanthesum
ofCapitalExpenditureandRevenueExpenditure.

A.SurplusBudget
B.BalancedBudget
C.RevenueDeficitintheBudget
D.Deficit Budget
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.16

36. Answer: Option A

37. Which of the following best describes the meaning of Fiscal Deficit?

A.The excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts
B.The excess of capital expenditure over capital receipts
C.The excess of total expenditure over total receipts excluding borrowings
D.The excess of total expenditure over total receipts
E.None of the above
Q.17

38. Answer: Option C
FiscalDeficit-Thedifferencebetweentotalrevenueandtotal
expenditureofthegovernmentistermedasfiscaldeficit.Itisan
indicationofthetotalborrowingsneededbythegovernment.
Whilecalculatingthetotalrevenue,borrowingsarenotincluded.

39. TheSustainableDevelopment GoalsorGlobalGoalsareacollectionof17
interlinkedglobalgoalsdesignedtobea“blueprinttoachieveabetterandmore
sustainablefutureforall".Thesegoalsareintendedtobeachievedbywhichyear?
A.2025
B.2027
C.2030
D.2035
E.2040
Q.18

40. Answer: Option C
•TheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)
aretargetsforglobaldevelopmentadoptedinSeptember
2015,settobeachievedby2030.Allcountriesoftheworld
haveagreedtoworktowardsachievingthesegoals.
•OurSDGTrackerpresentsdataacrossallavailableindicators
fromtheOurWorldinDatadatabase,usingofficialstatistics
fromtheUNandotherinternationalorganizations.Itisa
free,open-accesspublicationthattracksglobalprogress
towardstheSDGsandallowspeoplearoundtheworldto
holdtheirgovernmentsaccountabletoachievingtheagreed
goals.
•The17SustainableDevelopmentGoalsaredefinedinalist
of169SDGTargets.ProgresstowardstheseTargetsisagreed
tobetrackedby232uniqueIndicators.
•2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentGoalswhichhas
beenagreeduponbyall193memberstateswasorganised
byUnited Nations General Assembly

41. Aspartof2030Agendaforsustainabledevelopment,whatisthetotal
numberoftargetstobeachievedunderthe17SDGs?
A.189
B.180
C.179
D.169
E.164
Q.19

42. Answer: Option D
•TheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals
(SDGs)aretargetsforglobaldevelopmentadopted
inSeptember2015,settobeachievedby2030.All
countriesoftheworldhaveagreedtoworktowards
achievingthesegoals.
•OurSDGTrackerpresentsdataacrossallavailable
indicatorsfromtheOurWorldinDatadatabase,
usingofficialstatisticsfromtheUNandother
internationalorganizations.Itisafree,open-access
publicationthattracksglobalprogresstowardsthe
SDGsandallowspeoplearoundtheworldtohold
theirgovernmentsaccountabletoachievingthe
agreedgoals.
•The17SustainableDevelopmentGoalsaredefined
inalistof169SDGTargets.Progresstowardsthese
Targetsisagreedtobetrackedby232unique
Indicators.

43. ConsiderthefollowingstatementsregardingHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI):
1.TheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)isacompositeindexthatmeasurestheaverageachievements
inacountryinthreebasicdimensionsofhumandevelopment.
2.Thebasicdimensionsarealongandhealthylife,knowledgeandadecentstandardofliving.
3.WorldBankreleasestheindexreport.
Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/arecorrect?
A.Only1&2
B.Only2&3
C.1,2and3
D.Only1
E.Only2
Q.20

44. Answer: Option A
•TheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)isasummarymeasureofaverageachievementinkeydimensionsofhuman
development:alongandhealthylife,beingknowledgeableandhavingadecentstandardofliving.
•TheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)isacompositeindexthatmeasurestheaverageachievementsinacountryin
threebasicdimensionsofhumandevelopment.
•Thesebasicdimensionsarealongandhealthylife,knowledgeandadecentstandardofliving.

45. Considerthefollowingpairsregardingdifferentsectorsoftheeconomy:
1.PrimarySector:Itcontainsalloftheeconomicactivitiesunderwhichtherawmaterialsextracted
areprocessedandmanufacturedintofinalgoods.
2.SecondarySector:Theeconomicactivitieswhichtakeplacewhileexploitingthenaturalresources
fallunderit.
3.QuinarySector:Thehighestlevelofdecision-makersingovernmentsandtheprivatecorporate
sectorfallunderit.
4.QuaternarySector:Itisknownalsoas‘knowledge’sector,theactivitiesrelatedtoeducation,
researchanddevelopment,etc.comeunderit.
Whichofthefollowingpairsarecorrectlymatched?
A.3only
B.2only
C.1and2only
D.1,2and3only
E.3&4only
Q.21

46. Answer: Option E
•PrimarySector:Theeconomicactivitieswhichtakeplacewhileexploitingthenaturalresourcesfallunderit,such
asmining,agriculturalactivities,oilexploration,etc.Whentheagriculturesector(oneofthesub-sectorsoftheprimary
sector)contributesaminimumofhalfofthenationalincomeandlivelihoodinacountryitiscalledanagrarian
economy.Hencestatement1isincorrect.
•SecondarySector:Itcontainsalloftheeconomicactivitiesunderwhichtherawmaterialsextractedoutofthe
primarysectorareprocessed(alsocalledtheindustrialsector).Oneofitssub-sectors,manufacturing,hasprovedto
bethelargestemployeracrossthewesterndevelopedEconomies.Hencestatement2isincorrect.
•TertiarySector:Alloftheeconomicactivitieswhereservicesareproducedfallsinthissector,suchaseducation,
healthcare,banking,communication,etc.Whenthissectorcontributesminimumhalfofthenationalincomeand
livelihoodinacountryitiscalledaserviceeconomy.Lateron,expertscreatedtwomoresectorsofeconomy—
quaternaryandquinary.Though,theyaresubsectorsofthetertiarysector.
•QuaternarySector:Knownalsoas‘knowledge’sector,theactivitiesrelatedtoeducation,researchand
development,etc.comeunderit.Thesectorplaysthemostimportantroleindefiningthequalityofthehuman
resourcesaneconomyhas.Hencestatement4iscorrect.
•QuinarySector:Allactivitieswheretopdecisionsaremadefallunderit.Thehighestlevelofdecisionmakersin
governments(inclusiveoftheirbureaucracy)andtheprivatecorporatesectorfallunderit.Thenumberofpeople
involvedinthissectorisverylowrathertheyareconsideredthe‘brain’behindsocio-economicperformanceofan
economy.Hencestatement3iscorrect.Therefore,theanswerisOptionE

47. WhichofthefollowingservicesisnotapartofservicessectorinIndia?
A.TransportandCommunication
B.FinancialServices
C.DefenceServices
D.UtilityServices
E.PublicAdministration
Q.22

48. Answer: Option D
•According to Economic survey, The classification is mentioned in the below table.

49. "Absenceofminimum incometogettheminimum needsoflife"is
concernedwithwhichofthefollowingtypesofpoverty?
A.Absolutepoverty
B.Relativepoverty
C.Situationalpoverty
D.Intergenerationalpoverty
E.Multidimensionalpoverty
Q.23

50. Answer: Option A
Absolute povertycan be defined as the state in which a subject lacks the means to meet his
or her basic needs.Such basic needs are often listed in international poverty reduction
programs, and usually include food, water, shelter, basic education, and basic medical
care.Hence option A is the answer.
Extreme povertyis typically defined as a state in which a person lacks access to all, or
several, of the goods needed for meeting these basic needs.
Relative povertyis closely associated with the issues of inequality. It occurs when people in a
country do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as compared to the rest of
the population and so would vary from country to country, sometimes within the same
country.
Multidimensional povertyis made up of several factors that constitute poor people’s
experience of deprivation –such as poor health, lack of education, inadequate living
standard, lack of income (as one of several factors considered), disempowerment, poor
quality of work and threat from violence.

51. MahalanobisPlanModeladoptedinIndiaintheMid-fiftiesaimedat?
A.Buildingastrongdefenceindustrybase
B.Settingupheavyindustrieswhichwerecapitalintensive
C.Curbinginflationintheeconomy
D.Removingunemploymentwithinashortperiod
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.24

52. Answer: Option B
•ThecorrectanswerisSettingupheavyindustrieswhichwerecapitalintensive.
•MahalanobisPlanModeladoptedinIndiaintheMid-fiftiesaimedatSettingupheavy
industrieswhichwerecapitalintensive.
➢Inthe1950s,anOldRussianModelwasIndianizedbyP.C.Mahalanobis.
➢Thismodelisknowntohavesetthestatisticalfoundationsforstate-directed
investmentsandcreatedtheintellectualunderpinningsofthelicense-rajthrough
anelaborateinput-outputmodel.
➢ThisModelsuggestedthatthereshouldbeanemphasisontheheavy
industries,whichcanleadtheIndianEconomytoalong-termhighergrowthpath.
➢India'ssecondfive-yearplanandIndustrialpolicyResolution1956,whichpavedthe
wayforthedevelopmentofthePublicSectorandlicenseraj.
➢HewasthefounderoftheIndianStatisticalInstituteandacloseaideofPandit
JawaharLalNehru.

53. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcorrect?
A.Thefirstfiveyearplanwaslaunchedfrom1stApril,1951
B.ThefirstfiveyearplangaveemphasisonHeavyIndustrialization
C.Thefirstfiveyearplanwasfrom1951-1956
D.ThefirstfiveyearplanwasbasedontheHarrod-Domarmodel
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.25

54. Answer: Option B
•TheSecondFiveyearplanemphasizedonHeavyindustrializationwhichwasbasedon
P.C.Mahalonobis.

56. Whichofthefollowingisnotthecorrectmatch?
A.FiscalDeficit–ExcessofTotalExpenditureovertotalreceiptslessborrowings
B.BudgetDeficit–ExcessofTotalExpenditureoverTotalReceipts
C.RevenueDeficit–ExcessofTotalExpenditureoverTotalrevenuereceipts
D.PrimaryDeficit–ExcessoftotalExpenditureovertotalreceiptslessborrowingsandinterestpayments
E.NoneoftheAbove
Q.26

57. Answer: Option C

58. ________isthechangeincostsofgoodsandservicesbutdoesnotincludethosefrom
thefoodandenergysectors.
A.Retail Inflation
B.Hyper Inflation
C.Core Inflation
D.Stagflation
E.None of the above
Q.27

59. Answer: Option C
Coreinflationisthechangeincostsofgoodsandservices,but
doesnotincludethosefromthefoodandenergysectors.This
measureofinflationexcludestheseitemsbecausetheirpricesare
muchmorevolatile.
Headlineinflationisameasureofthetotalinflationwithinan
economy,includingcommoditiessuchasfoodandenergyprices
(e.g.,oilandgas),whichtendtobemuchmorevolatileandprone
toinflationaryspikes

60. InIndia,CPI(Rural/Urban/Combined) ispublishedbythe_______andCPI(IW/AL)is
publishedbyLabourBureauintheMinistryofLabourandEmployment.
A.Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
B.Ministry of Corporate Affairs
C.Ministry of Finance
D.Ministry of Home Affairs
E.Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Q.28

61. Consumer Price Index
•Itmeasurespricechangesfromtheperspectiveofaretailbuyer.Itisreleasedby
theNationalStatisticalOffice(NSO).
•TheCPIcalculatesthedifferenceinthepriceofcommoditiesandservicessuchasfood,
medicalcare,education,electronicsetc,whichIndianconsumersbuyforuse.
•TheCPIhasseveralsub-groupsincludingfoodandbeverages,fuelandlight,housingand
clothing,beddingandfootwear.
•FourtypesofCPIareasfollows:
➢CPIforIndustrialWorkers(IW)
➢CPIforAgriculturalLabourer(AL)
➢CPIforRuralLabourer(RL)
➢CPI(Rural/Urban/Combined)
Ofthese,thefirstthreearecompiledbytheLabourBureauintheMinistryofLabour
andEmployment.FourthiscompiledbytheNSOintheMinistryofStatisticsand
ProgrammeImplementation.
•BaseYearforCPIis2012
Answer: Option A

62. Whichtypeoffiscalpolicyisbeingdescribedinthefollowinglines?
Thispolicyisdesignedtoboosttheeconomy.Itismostlyusedintimesofhigh
unemployment andrecession.Itleadstothegovernmentloweringtaxesand
spendingmore,oroneofthetwo.Theaimistostimulatetheeconomyandensure
consumers'purchasingpowerdoesnotweaken.
A.NeutralFiscalpolicy
B.Contractionary Fiscal policy
C.Expansionary Fiscal Policy
D.Information inadequate
E.None of the Aboveand
Q.38

63. Expansionary fiscal policy:This policy is designed to boost the economy. It is mostly used in times of
high unemployment and recession.It leads to the government lowering taxes and spending more or
one of the two. The aim is tostimulate the economyandensure consumers' purchasing power does
not weaken. HenceOption C is the correct answer.
There are two key tools of the fiscal policy:
•Taxation:Funds in the form of direct and indirect taxes, capital gains from investment, etc, help the
government function. Taxes affect the consumer's income and changes in consumption lead to
changes in real gross domestic product (GDP).
•Government spending:It includes welfare programmes, government salaries, subsidies,
infrastructure, etc. Government spending has the power to raise or lower real GDP, hence it is
included as a fiscal policy tool.
Answer: Option C

64. TheDependencyRatioinIndiaisdecliningbecause
A.Populationof0-14yearsisrelativelyhigh
B.Populationof64yearsandaboveisrelativelyhigh
C.Populationof15-64yearsisrelativelyhigh
D.Thepopulationof0-14yearsand64yearsandabovetogetherarerelativelyhigh
E.Populationof15-64isrelativelylow.
Q.39

65. Key Points
•TheDependency Ratiocalculates the number of young and old people and divides them by
the total population including working adults.
•Whenthe dependency ratio is high, it suggests that there is a large elderly/youthful
population.
•The higher the dependency ratio,the more the working-age population has to pay to
sustain its dependents –unless services or social payments are reduced.
•Whenthe dependency ratio is low and working age population is high,it suggests that
there is a working agepopulation.Hence option C is the answer.
Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--
to the working-age population--those ages 15-64.
Answer: Option C

66. Whichofthefollowingis/arecorrectaboutgenderbudgeting?
1.Itisatoolforgendermainstreaming.
2.Genderbudgetingseekstocreateaseparatebudget.
3.Genderbudgetingrecognizesthatifgenderdisparitiesaretobeaddressed,adequatemonetary
allocationsaretobemadefortheachievementofdesiredoutcomes
Selectthecorrectanswerusingthecodegivenbelow:
A.1and2only
B.2and3only
C.1and3only
D.1,2and3only
E.1only
Q.40

67. Gender Budgeting (GB)
1.GBisconcernedwithgendersensitiveformulationoflegislation,programmesandschemes;
allocationofresources;implementationandexecution;auditandimpactassessmentof
programmesandschemes;andfollow-upcorrectiveactiontoaddressgenderdisparities.
2.Apowerfultoolforachievinggendermainstreamingsoastoensurethatbenefitsofdevelopment
reachwomenasmuchasmen.
3.Doesnotseektocreateaseparatebudgetbutseeksaffirmativeactiontoaddressspecificneeds
ofwomen.
4.Monitorsexpenditureandpublicservicedeliveryfromagenderperspective.
5.EntailsdissectionoftheGovernmentbudgetstoestablishitsgenderdifferentialimpactsandto
ensurethatgendercommitmentsaretranslatedintobudgetarycommitments.
6.Itisatoolforgendermainstreaming.
7.Genderbudgetingusesthebudgetasanentrypointtoapplyagenderlenstotheentirepolicy
process.
8.Genderbudgetingalsorecognizesthatifgenderdisparitiesaretobeaddressed,adequate
monetaryallocationsaretobemadefortheachievementofdesiredoutcomes
Answer: Option C

68. Whichofthefollowingis/arethepartoftheLiquidAdjustmentFacility(LAF)?
1.Repo Rate
2.Marginal Standing Facility
3.Bank Rate
4.Standing Deposit Facility
Choosethecorrectanswerusingthecodesgivenbelow:
A.1only
B.2&3
C.1,2and4
D.1,2and3
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.41

69. Answer: Option C

70. TheGlobalFinancialStabilityReportprovidesanassessmentoftheglobal
financialsystemandmarkets,andaddressesemergingmarketfinancingina
globalcontext.Itfocusesoncurrentmarketconditions,highlightingsystemic
issuesthatcouldposearisktofinancialstabilityandsustainedmarketaccess
byemergingmarketborrowers.Thereportispublishedby__________________.
A.InternationalMonetaryFund
B.UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment
C.WorldEconomicForum
D.WorldBank
E.UNESCO
Q.42

71. •TheGlobalFinancialStabilityReportprovidesanassessmentoftheglobalfinancialsystemandmarkets,and
addressesemergingmarketfinancinginaglobalcontext.Itfocusesoncurrentmarketconditions,highlighting
systemicissuesthatcouldposearisktofinancialstabilityandsustainedmarketaccessbyemergingmarket
borrowers.TheReportdrawsoutthefinancialramificationsofeconomicimbalanceshighlightedbytheIMF's
WorldEconomicOutlook.Itcontains,asspecialfeatures,analyticalchaptersoressaysonstructuralorsystemic
issuesrelevanttointernationalfinancialstability.
•TheGlobalFinancialStabilityReport(GFSR)isasurveybytheIMFstaffpublishedtwiceayear,inthespringand
fall.
•TheWorldEconomicOutlook(WEO)andtheGlobalFinancialStabilityReport(GFSR)arethereportspublishedby
theIMF.
•GlobalGenderGapReport,GlobalRiskReport,andtheTravelandTourismCompetitivenessReportarethereports
publishedbyWEF.
•TheWorldInvestmentReportisreleasedbytheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment.
•GlobalEconomicProspects,EaseofDoingBusiness,WorldDevelopmentReportarereleasedbytheWorldBank.
Answer: Option A

72. “FiscalStimulus”isprovidedtodifferentsectorsofaneconomytopromotethe
growth.Whichofthefollowingmeasuredoesnotconstitutefiscalstimulus?
A.Input Subsidies
B.Monetary incentives
C.Export subsidies
D.Increasing Taxes
E.Schemes for low interest rate
Q.43

73. Astimuluspackageisanumberofincentivesandtaxrebatesofferedbyagovernmentto
boostspendinginabidtopullacountryoutofarecessionortopreventaneconomic
slowdown.
•Astimuluspackagecaneitherbeintheformofamonetarystimulusorafiscal
stimulus.
•Amonetarystimulusinvolvescuttinginterestratestostimulatetheeconomy.
•Wheninterestratesarecut,thereismoreincentiveforpeopletoborrowasthecostof
borrowingisreduced.
•Anincreaseinborrowingmeansthere’llbemoremoneyincirculation,lessincentiveto
save,andmoreincentivetospend.
•Loweringinterestratescouldalsoweakentheexchangerateofacountry,thereby
leadingtoaboostinexports.
•Whenexportsareincreased,moremoneyenterstheeconomy,encouragingspending
andstirringuptheeconomy
Answer: Option D

74. DemographicTransitionisdescribedas
A.astageinwhichthepopulationgrowthofthecountryiszero
B.aprocesswherethereisadeclineinthebirth-rate
C.Along-termtrendofdecliningbirthanddeathrates
D.aprocesswherethereisadeclineinthedeathrate
E.aprocesswherethereisstagnancyinthesociety'spopulation
Q.44

75. •Demographic Transition is a process of change in a society's population overtime.It is a long-term trend of declining birth
and death rates, resulting in substantive change in the age distribution of a population. Hence option C is the answer.
•It can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.
•It shows changes in birth rate and death rate and consequently on the growth rate of population.
•It is the relationship between economic development and population growth.
•DemographerWarren Thompsonfirst introducedthe demographic transition model in 1929.
Answer: Option C

76. WithreferencetoGrossValueAdded(GVA),whichofthefollowingstatementsis/arecorrect?
A.Itisdefinedasthevalueofoutputminusthevalueofintermediateconsumption.
B.ItsestimateisreleasedbyNationalStatisticalOffice.
C.Fromaneconomicsperspective,itrepresentsthesupplyside.
D.InIndia,GVAiscalculatedatbasicprices.
E.Alloftheabove
Q.45

77. Answer: Option E
Gross Value Added
•In2015,Indiaoptedtomakemajorchangestoitscompilationofnationalaccountsanddecidedtobringthewholeprocessinto
conformitywiththeUnitedNationsSystemofNationalAccounts(SNA)of2008.
•TheSNAistheinternationallyagreedstandardsetofrecommendationsonhowtocompilemeasuresofeconomicactivity.
•Itdescribesacoherent,consistentandintegratedsetofmacroeconomicaccountsinthecontextofasetofinternationallyagreed
concepts,definitions,classificationsandaccountingrules.
•AspertheSNA,GVAisdefinedasthevalueofoutputminusthevalueofintermediateconsumptionandisameasureofthe
contributiontogrowthmadebyanindividualproducer,industryorsector.
•Itprovidestherupeevalueforthenumberofgoodsandservicesproducedinaneconomyafterdeductingthecostofinputsandraw
materialsthathavegoneintotheproductionofthosegoodsandservices.
•Itcanbedescribedasthemainentryontheincomesideofthenation’saccountingbalancesheet,andfromaneconomics
perspectiverepresentsthesupplyside.
•Earlier,IndiahadbeenmeasuringGVAat‘factorcost’tillthenewmethodologywasadoptedinwhichGVAat‘basicprices’became
theprimarymeasureofeconomicoutput.
•GVAatbasicpriceswillincludeproductiontaxesandexcludeproductionsubsidies.
•GVAatfactorcostincludednotaxesandexcludednosubsidies.
•Thebaseyearhasalsobeenshiftedto2011-12fromtheearlier2004-05.

78. Whichofthefollowingtermdenotestheaverageincomeearnedbyapersonin
India?
A.NationalIncome
B.Percapitaincome
C.Personalincome
D.PersonalDisposableIncome
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.46

79. Answer: Option B
•Percapitaincome(PCI)oraverageincomemeasurestheaverageincomeearnedper
personinagivenarea(city,region,country,etc.)inaspecifiedyear.Itiscalculatedby
dividingthearea'stotalincomebyitstotalpopulation.Percapitaincomeisnational
incomedividedbypopulationsize.

80. WhyisIndiaregardedasacountrywitha"DemographicDividend”?
A.Itshighpopulationintheagegroupbelow15years.
B.Itshighpopulationintheagegroupof15-64years.
C.Itshighpopulationintheagegroupabove65years.
D.Itshightotalpopulation.
E.Itshighpopulationintheagegroupof20-80years.
Q.47

81. Answer: Option B
The demographic dividend is theeconomic growth potentialthat can result fromshifts in a population's age
structure,mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age
share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older).
Demographic dividend in India :
•As populations in countries such as China, US, and Japan is getting older,India's population is getting
younger.
•India's working-age population is now increasingbecause of rapidly declining birth and death rates.
•India's age dependency ratio,the ratio of dependents (children and the elderly) to the working-age
population (14-to 65-year-olds), is expected to only start rising in 2040, as per UN estimates. This
presents agolden opportunity for economic growth.
•However, this growth will depend on those in the working-age population actually working.
•India's labour force participation rateis declining, especially amongrural youth (15-to 29-year-olds)
and women.
•For India to harness the power of its favourabledemographics, India's labour force needs to be
empowered with the right skills for the modern economy.
Hence Option B is the answer.

82. TheliteracyrateinIndiaismeasuredafterwhichage?
A.5yearsandabove
B.7yearsandabove
C.9yearsandabove
D.11yearsandabove
E.13yearsandabove
Q.48

83. Answer: Option B
The literacy rate is the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular timeaged seven
years or abovewho can read and write with understanding.Hence Option B is the answer.

84. ConsiderthefollowingstatementswithrespecttoWorldTradeOrganisation(WTO):
1.Tofacilitatetheimplementation,administration,andoperationofatradeagreement
2.Tocarryoutperiodicreviewsofthetradepoliciesofitsmembercountries
3.Topromoteinternationalmonetarycooperation
Whichoftheabovestatement/sis/arecorrect?
A.1and2
B.2only
C.3only
D.1and3
E.2and3
Q.49

85. Answer: Option A
Functions of the World Trade Organisation:
At the heart of the Organisation are theWTO agreements,negotiated and signed by the bulk of the
world's trading nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers
conduct their business. The WTO's overriding objective is to help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly,
and predictably.
•It shall facilitate the implementation, administration, and operation of the WTO trade
agreements, such as multilateral trade agreements, plurilateral trade agreements.
•It shall monitor national trade policies.
The WTO was founded on certain guiding principles—non-discrimination, free trade, open, fair and
undistorted competition, etc. In addition, it has special concern for developing countries.
It is the function of International Monetary Fund to promote international monetary cooperation.
Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.

86. WhichofthefollowinginstitutionsisnotpartoftheWorldBankcommunity?
A.InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment(IBRD)
B.InternationalDevelopmentAgency(IDA)
C.BankforInternationalSettlements(BIS)
D.MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency(MIGA)
E.AlloftheaboveareapartofWorldBankCommunity
Q.50

87. Answer: Option C
TheWorldBankGroupcomprisesfiveconstituentinstitutions:theInternational
BankforReconstructionandDevelopment(IBRD),theInternationalDevelopment
Association(IDA),theInternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC),theMultilateral
InvestmentGuaranteeAgency(MIGA),andtheInternationalCentreforSettlement
ofInvestmentDisputes(ICSID).
Establishedin1930,theBISisownedby63central
banks,representingcountriesfromaroundthe
worldthattogetheraccountforabout95%ofworld
GDP.ItsheadofficeisinBasel,Switzerlandandit
hastworepresentativeoffices:inHongKongSAR
andinMexicoCity,aswellasInnovationHub
Centresaroundtheworld.
TheBIS'smissionistosupportcentralbanks'
pursuitofmonetaryandfinancialstabilitythrough
internationalcooperation,andtoactasabankfor
centralbanks.

88. Withreferenceto‘G20’,whichofthefollowingstatementsis/arecorrect?
1.The G20 comprises 19 countries and the European Union.
2.The G20 was founded in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis and later was designated the “premier
forum for international economic cooperation”.
3.Since 2011, the G20 Summit is held annually, under the leadership of a rotating Presidency and latest
G20 Summit is held in Saudi Arabia under its presidency.
Select the correct statement/s:
A.Only1
B.Only2
C.Only2&3
D.Only1&2
E.Only1&3
Q.51

89. Answer: Option B
•Introduction The Group of G20 (G20) comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India,
Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the
United States along with the European Union and African Union.
•G20 members currently account for more than 80% of world GDP, 75% of global trade, and 60% of the global population.
Origin and Evolution
•The G20 was founded in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis as a forum for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank
Governors to discuss global economic and financial issues. T
•he G20 was later upgraded to the level of Heads of State/Government and was designated the “premier forum for
international economic cooperation”.
•Since 2011, the G20 Summit is held annually, under the leadership of a rotating Presidency. The G20 initially focused largely
on broad macroeconomic policy, but it has since expanded its ambit to include trade, climate change, sustainable
development, energy, environment, climate change, anti-corruption etc.
•India holds the Presidency of the G20 from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023. Hence statement
4 is incorrect.

90. WhichofthefollowingisnotthefunctionoftheInternationalMonetaryFund?
A.TheIMFmanagestheinternationalmonetarysystemforglobalpayments.
B.IMFadvisesonmacroeconomicpoliciesandexchangerates.
C.Itassessesandregulatespoliticalsectorsinmembercountries.
D.TheIMFoffersfinancialassistanceforbalanceofpaymentsdiscrepancies.
E.Itsroleincludespromotingeconomicgrowthandemploymentwithinnations.
Q.52

91. Answer: Option C
Functions of IMF
1.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a vital role in creating and maintaining the
international monetary system, which facilitates international payments between countries.
2.The IMF focuses on advising and monitoring the macroeconomic policies of member countries,
particularly those affecting exchange rates, government budgets, and money and credit
management.
3.As part of its responsibilities, the IMF assesses a country's financial sector and regulatory policies,
as well as structural policies in the macro economy that impact the labor market and employment.
4.In addition to its advisory role, the IMF is authorized to provide financial assistance to nations
facing balance of payments discrepancies.
5.It contributes to economic stability and growth while striving to maintain high levels of
employment within member countries.
Hence option C is the correct answer.

92. PovertyGapisdefinedas_________
A.theratiobywhichthemeanincomeofthepoorfallsbelowthepovertyline.
B.Gapbetweenrichandpoor.
C.Gapbetweendevelopednationanddevelopingnation.
D.theintensityofpovertyinrelativetermsofdifferentsectionsofacountry.
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.53

93. Answer: Option A
1.AccordingtotheWorldBank,povertygapisthemeanshortfallfrom
thepovertyline(countingthenon-poorashavingzeroshortfall),
expressedasapercentageofthepovertyline.Povertygapmeasures
theintensityofpoverty.Itshowstheextenttowhichindividualson
averagefallbelowthepovertyline.
2.Thepovertygapisaratioshowingtheaverageshortfallofthetotal
populationfromthepovertyline—theminimumlevelofincome
requiredtosecurethebasicnecessitiesforsurvival.Inotherwords,it
reflectstheintensityofpovertyinanation.
3.Thepovertygapreflectstheintensityofpovertyinanation,showing
theaverageshortfallofthetotalpopulationfromthepovertyline.
4.ThepovertygapisanindicatorproducedbytheWorldBank,which
measurespovertybylookingatpercapitaincomeandconsumptionin
households.
5.Thedataisavailablefor115countriesandisupdatedsemi-annuallyin
AprilandSeptember.
6.Thepovertygapstatisticismostvaluabletoeconomistsand
governmentofficialsforcalculatingthepovertygapindex.

94. NABARDwasestablishedontherecommendation ofwhichcommittee?
A.B.Sivarammancommittee
B.Narasimhancommittee
C.Kotakcommittee
D.NareshChandracommittee
E.NarayanMurthycommittee
Q.54

95. Answer: Option A
Therecognitionoftheimportanceofinstitutionalcreditinboostingruraleconomy
bytheGovernmentofIndialedtotheinceptionofaCommitteetoreviewthe
ArrangementsforInstitutionalCreditforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment
(CRAFICARD).ThiswasestablishedundertheableChairmanshipofShriB.
Sivaraman,formerMemberofPlanningCommissionon30March1979.
BasedontheCommittee’sinterimreportrecommendation,thecreationofNational
BankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD)wasapprovedbythe
ParliamentthroughAct61of1981.
✓Established:NABARDwasestablishedon12thJuly1982ontherecommendationofCommitteetoReviewthe
ArrangementsForInstitutionalCreditforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(CRAFICARD)whichisalsoknownasthe
SivaramanComittee.
✓NABARD is the apex organisationrelated to financing in the agricultural sector.
✓Headquarter:Mumbai, Maharashtra.

96. RighttoEducation2009Actprovidesfreeandcompulsoryeducationtoallchildren
oftheageof________?
A.5-15years
B.6-14years
C.7-15years
D.5-14years
E.6-15years
Q.55

97. Answer: Option B
TheRightofChildrentoFreeandCompulsoryEducationAct,
2009(theAct)providesforfreeandcompulsoryeducationto
allchildrenoftheageofsixtofourteenyears.

98. WhichofthefollowingisthesecondstageintheTheoryofDemographic
Transition?
[A]Highandfluctuatingbirthanddeathrateswillalmostneutralizeeachother
[B]Deathrateisdecreasingwhilethebirthrateremainsconstantatahighlevel
[C]Birthrateascomparedtothedeathratedeclinesmorerapidly.Asaresult,the
populationgrowsatadiminishingrate
[D]Birthrateisapproximatelyequaltothedeathrateandthereislittlepopulation
growth.
[E]Noneoftheabove
Q.56

99. Answer: Option B

100. As per SECC-2011, what percentage of total households live in rural
India?
[A]52.37%
[B]67.37%
[C]79.37%
[D]63.37%
[E]73.37%
Q.57

101. Answer: Option E
AsperSECC-2011,outofthe24.49crorehouseholdsin
India,17.97crorehouseholdsisinvillageswhichis73.37%
ofallhouseholdsinIndia.

102. Which amendment act added the part IX to the Constitution of India
named ‘Panchayati Raj’?
[A]76th Amendment Act
[B]75th Amendment Act
[C]73rd Amendment Act
[D]74th Amendment Act
[E]None of the above
Q.58

103. Answer: Option C
TheConstitution(Seventy-
ThirdAmendment)Act,1992,
whichcameintoforcew.e.f.
24thApril,1993,inserted
PartIXintheConstitutionof
India and accorded
PanchayatsaConstitutional
statusasinstitutionsoflocal
self-governance forrural
India.

104. Neonatal mortality Rate (NMR) is the number ofneonatal deathsper
1000 live births. A neonatal deathis defined as adeathduring which
of the following periods of life?
[A]First 28 days of life
[B]First 31 days of life
[C]First 365 days of life
[D]First 12 days of life
[E]First 7 days of life
Q.59

105. Answer: Option A
Neonataldeathisdefinedasthedeathofaliveborninfant,
regardlessofgestationalageatbirth,withinthefirst28
completeddaysoflife.
TheMaternalMortalityRatio(MMR)isdefinedasthe
numberofmaternaldeathsduringagiventimeperiod
per100,000livebirths.

106. The factors (for example, adverse economic conditions caused by
poverty, low productivity, unemployment, exhaustion of natural
resources and natural calamities) that compel or force a person, due to
various reasons, to leave that place and go to some other place are
known as?
[A]Pull factors
[B]Push factors
[C]Push back factors
[D]Social factors
[E]Political factors
Q.60

107. Answer: Option B
Explanation:PushFactors
Thepushfactorsarethosethatcompelorforceaperson,due
tovariousreasons,toleavethatplaceandgotosomeother
place.Forexample,adverseeconomicconditionscausedby
poverty,lowproductivity,unemployment, exhaustionof
naturalresourcesandnaturalcalamitiesmaycompelpeople
toleavetheirnativeplaceinsearchofbettereconomic
opportunities.

108. Which of the following committee recommended the establishment of
Regional Rural Banks?
[A] Khusro Committee
[B]Narsimham Committee
[C]Dutt Committee
[D]C Rangarajan Committee
[E]Kotak Committee
Q.61

109. Answer: Option B
RRBsweresetupasgovernment-sponsored,regionalbasedrurallendinginstitutionsunderthe
RegionalRuralBanksAct,1976.TheRRBswereestablishedaspertherecommendationsofthe
NarasimhamCommitteetocatertotheruralcreditneedsofthefarmingandotherrural
communities.ThePrathamaGrameenBankwasthefirstbanktobeestablishedon02nd
October1975.TheSyndicateBankbecamethefirstcommercialbanktosponsorthePrathama
GrameenBankRRB

110. Lendingtowhichofthefollowingsectorsisnotapartofprioritysector
lending?
A.Micro,SmallandMediumEnterprises
B.Housingforpoor
C.Exportcredit
D.IronandSteelindustry
E.SocialInfrastructure
Q.62

111. Answer: Option D

112. ItisaninternationalagreementlinkedtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,
whichcommitsitsPartiesbysettinginternationallybindingemissionreductiontargets.Recognizingthat
developedcountriesareprincipallyresponsibleforthecurrenthighlevelsofGHGemissionsinthe
atmosphereasaresultofmorethan150yearsofindustrialactivity,theProtocolplacesaheavierburdenon
developednationsundertheprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities.
Whichofthefollowingprotocolismentionedinthepassagegivenabove?
A.MontrealProtocol
B.KyotoProtocol
C.CartagenaProtocol
D.NagoyaProtocol
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.63

113. KyotoProtocolisaninternationalagreementlinkedtotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,which
commitsitsPartiesbysettinginternationallybindingemissionreductiontargets.Recognizingthatdevelopedcountriesare
principallyresponsibleforthecurrenthighlevelsofGHGemissionsintheatmosphereasaresultofmorethan150yearsofindustrial
activity,theProtocolplacesaheavierburdenondevelopednationsundertheprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiated
responsibilities.
“TheProtocolwasadoptedinJapan,on11December1997andenteredintoforceon16February2005.Thedetailedrulesforthe
implementationoftheProtocolwereadoptedatCOP7inMarrakesh,Morocco,in2001,andarereferredtoasthe"Marrakesh
Accords."Itcoveredfewmarketbasedmechanisms(FlexibleMarketMechanisms)toreducetheemissions.
•Most nations have ratified the treaty. The USA is a notable exception to this. It takes the stand that having binding targetsonly for
developed countries and not polluting countries like China and India is potentially harmful for its own economy. Canada withdrewfrom
the Kyoto Protocol in 2012.
•The targets are for the following greenhouse gases/gas groups: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, sulphurhexafluoride,
hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons.
•The first commitment period for the agreement was from2008 to 2012.
•Apart from national measures, the agreement hasthree mechanismsthat are means toachieve the Kyoto targets:
•International Emissions Trading
•Clean Development Mechanism
•Joint Implementation
Answer: Option B

114. CleanDevelopmentMechanismandJointimplementationareassociatedwith:
A.KyotoProtocol
B.CartegenaProtocol
C.NagoyaProtocol
D.MontrealProtocol
E.NoneoftheAbove
Q.64

115. Answer: Option A

116. Answer: Option A
TheKyotoProtocolwasadoptedinKyoto,Japan,on11
December1997andenteredintoforceon16February2005.
TheKyotoProtocolwasaninternationaltreatywhich
extendedthe1992UnitedNationsFrameworkConventionon
ClimateChangethatcommitsstatepartiestoreduce
greenhousegasemissions,basedonthescientificconsensus
thatglobalwarmingisoccurringandthathuman-madeCO₂
emissionsaredrivingit.

117. Which of the following committee/s is/are associated with poverty
estimation in India?
[A] Kothari Committee of 1974
[B]Narasimham Committee of 1991
[C]Alagh Committee of 1979
[D]Goswami Committee of 1990
[E]None of the above
Q.65

118. Answer: Option C
Explanation:AlaghCommitteewasataskforceconstituted
bythePlanningCommissionunderthechairmanshipofYK
Alagh.Itrecommendedandconstructedapovertylinefor
ruralandurbanareasonthebasisofnutritional
requirementsandrelatedconsumptionexpenditure.
Kothari Committee – UPSC Reforms
Narsimham Committee – Banking Reforms
Alagh Committee – Poverty Estimation
Goswami Committee – Electoral Reforms

119. NoPovertyisapartofwhichSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG)?
[A]SDG5
[B]SDG6
[C]SDG7
[D]SDG13
[E]SDG1
Q.66

120. Answer: Option E

121. InIndia,TheChildSexRatioiscalculatedbasedononeofthefollowing
agegroups?
[A]0-6years
[B]1-5years
[C]0-4years
[D]0-3years
[E]1-3years
Q.67

122. Answer: Option A
Explanation:Sexratioiscalculatedasthenumberof
femalesperthousandmales.Thecensusofchildsexratioin
theagegroupofzerotosixyearsisconductedeverytenyears
inIndia.Asper2011Census,childsexratiohasshowna
declinefrom927femalesperthousandmalesin2001to919
femalesperthousandmalesin2011.

123. WhichofthefollowingArticleoftheIndianConstitutionprohibits
employmentofchildreninfactories?
[A]23
[B]22
[C]24
[D]21
[E]26
Q.68

124. Answer: Option C
Article24prohibitsthe
employment ofchildren
belowtheageof14years
inanyfactory,mineor
otherhazardousactivities
likeconstructionworkor
railway.Itisanabsolute
prohibition.

125. HowmanylanguagesarethereintheEighthScheduleoftheIndian
Constitution?
[A]23
[B]24
[C]18
[D]22
[E]16
Q.69

126. Answer: Option D
Explanation:TheEighthScheduletothe
Constitutionconsistsofthefollowing22
languages:Assamese,Bengali,Gujarati,Hindi,
Kannada, Kashmiri,Konkani, Malayalam,
Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya,
Punjabi,Sanskrit,Sindhi,Tamil,Telugu,Urdu,
Bodo,Santhali,MaithiliandDogri.

127. The total fertility rate (TFR) is
[A]the total number of children born in a country in a given year divided by
labour force
[B]thenumberofchildrenexpectedtobebornperwomanduringher
reproductiveyears
[C]the number of births in a country divided by total population in a given year
[D]the number of women aged 15-45 in a country divided by total population
[E]Noneoftheabove
Q.70

128. Answer: Option B
TFRindicatestheaveragenumberofchildrenexpectedtobe
borntoawomanduringherreproductivespanof15-49
years.
TheTotalFertilityRate(TFR)isastandarddemographic
indicatorusedinternationallytoestimatetheaverage
numberofchildrenthatawomanwouldhaveoverher
childbearingyears(i.e.age15-49),basedoncurrentbirth
trends.

129. Whataretheidealsthatastatemustkeepinmindwhileframing
policiescalled?
A.FundamentalRights
B.DirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy
C.GandhianPrinciples
D.Socialism
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.71

130. Answer: Option B
DPSParetheidealsthatmustbekeptinmindbythestate
wheneveritformulatespoliciesandenactslaws.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
DirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicyareenumerated
inPartIVoftheConstitutionfromArticles36to
51.
•ConstitutionofIreland(1937)wasthesource
fortheDirectiveprinciplesintheIndian
Constitution.
•ThesePrinciplesresemblethe‘Instrumentof
Instructions’enumeratedintheGovernmentof
IndiaActof1935.

131. PrinciplesofDPSPareborrowedfromwhichconstitution?
A.TheUSAConstitution
B.CanadianConstitution
C.UKConstitution
D.IrishConstitution
E.Noneoftheabove
Answer:-[D]
IrishConstitutionof1937
Q.72

132. WhoamongthefollowingisassociatedwithBeejBachaoAndolan
initiatedin1986?
[A]SunderlalBahuguna
[B]PandurangHegde
[C]MedhaPatkar
[D]VijayJardhari
[E]Noneoftheabove
Q.73

133. Answer: Option D
The'BeejBachaoAndolan',alsocalled,'SavetheSeed
Movement'wasstartedbythefarmerswiththehelpofan
activistnamedVijayJardhariinUttarakhandintheearly
1980s.Itwasexactlystatedin1986.

134. Whicharticlestatesaboutpromotionoftheeducationalandeconomic
interestsofSC,ST,andothertheweakersectionsofthepeopleunder
theDirectivePrinciplesofStatePolicy?
A.Article46
B.Article44
C.Article42
D.Article49
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.74

135. Answer: Option A

136. Whichamendment madeelementaryeducationforallchildrena
fundamentalright?Alsochoosethearticleaddedafterthat:
A.80thAmendment,Article21
B.86thAmendment,Article21
C.44thAmendment,Article22A
D.86thAmendment,Article21A
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.75

137. Answer: Option D
Explanation:The86thAmendmentActof2002changedthe
subject-matterofArticle45andmadeelementaryeducation
afundamentalrightunderArticle21A.

138. WhichpartoftheIndianConstitutioncontainstheFundamental
Rights?
A.PartI
B.PartII
C.PartIII
D.PartIV
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.76

139. Answer: Option C
Explanation:Article12to35containedinPartIIIofthe
ConstitutiondealwithFundamentalRights.Theseare:Right
toequality,includingequalitybeforelaw,prohibitionof
discriminationongroundsofreligion,race,caste,sexor
placeofbirth,andequalityofopportunityinmattersof
employment.

140. Article32oftheIndianConstitutionguarantees:
A.RighttoEquality
B.RighttoFreedomofReligion
C.RighttoConstitutionalRemedies
D.RightagainstExploitation
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.77

141. Answer: Option C
Explanation:Article32oftheIndianConstitutiongivesthe
righttoindividualstomovetotheSupremeCourttoseek
justicewhentheyfeelthattheirrighthasbeen'unduly
deprived'.

142. The‘meltingpot’and‘saladbowl’aretheoriesrelatedtowhichofthe
followingconcepts:
A.Migration
B.DemographicTransition
C.Poverty
D.Multiculturalism
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.78

143. Answer: Option D
Explanation:Multiculturalismisasociety'swayofdealing
withculturaldiversity,bothatthenationallevelandatthe
communitylevel.Multiculturalismdevelopsaccordingtoone
oftwotheories,namelythe“meltingpot”theoryorthe“salad
bowl”theory.

144. Whichofthefollowingschedulesprovidesfordivisionofpower
betweentheCentreandStatesunderunionlist,statelistand
concurrentlist?
A.7
th
Schedule
B.10
th
Schedule
C.12
th
Schedule
D.1
st
Schedule
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.79

145. Answer: Option A
Explanation:The7thScheduleofIndianConstitutionhas
threelistsnamely,theUnionlist,statelist,andconcurrent
listthatshowthedivisionofpowerbetweentheUnionand
Statesconcerningcertainsubjects.TheUnionListhasatotal
of97subjects,theStateListhas66subjects,andthe
ConcurrentListhas47Subjects.

146. WhichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlydescribesBalanceofPayment
Account?
A.Itisasystematicrecordofsomeeconomictransactionsofresidentsofacountrywiththerest
oftheworldduringagivenperiodoftime
B.Itisasystematicrecordofalleconomictransactionsofnon-residentsofacountrywiththe
residentsduringagivenperiodoftime
C.Itisasystematicrecordofalleconomictransactionsofresidentsofacountrywiththerestof
theworldduringagivenperiodoftime
D.Itisasystematicrecordofalleconomictransactionsandnon-economictransactionsof
residentsofacountrywiththerestoftheworldduringagivenperiodoftime
E.NoneoftheAbove
Q.80

147. Thebalanceofpaymentsisasystematicrecordofalleconomictransactionsofresidentsofacountrywith
therestoftheworldduringagivenperiodoftime.
•Thebalanceofpayments(BOP),alsoknownasthebalanceofinternationalpayments,summarizesall
transactionsthatacountry’sindividuals,companies,andgovernmentbodiescompletewithindividuals,
companies,andgovernmentbodiesoutsidethecountry.Thesetransactionsconsistofimportsandexports
ofgoods,services,andcapital,aswellastransferpayments,suchasforeignaidandremittances.Hence
OptionCistheanswer.
Answer: Option C

148. WhichofthefollowingisnotaccountedforinthecapitalaccountunderBalanceof
Payment?
A.DirectInvestment
B.ExternalCommercialBorrowing
C.RemittancesandGrants
D.PortfolioInvestment
E.AlloftheaboveareaccountedforinthecapitalaccountunderBalanceofPayment
Q.81

149. Answer: Option C

150. There are two components of BoP-
1.Current Account
2.Capital Account
Current Account deals with current, ongoing, short term transactions like trade in goods, services (invisible) etc. It reflects the
nation’s net income. It has broadly 4 components.
•Goods –trade in goods
•Services (invisible) –trade in services e.g. tourism
•Income –investment income
•Current unilateral transfers –donations, gifts, grants, remittances .
Notethatgrantsmightappearasthecomponentofthecapitalaccountbutareincludedinthecurrentaccountastheyareunilateral
andcreatesnoliability.Therecipientdoesnothavetogiveanythingbackinreturn.
OptionCisincorrectbecauseremittancesandgrantsarepartofCurrentaccount.
Capital Account deals with capital transactions i.e. those transactions which create assets or liabilities. It reflects the net changes in
the ownership of national assets. It also has broadly 4 components
•Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
•Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)
•External Borrowings such as ECB
•Reserve Account with the Central Bank.
Answer: Option C

151. Allofthefollowingarevariablesthatcanbemanipulatedtoaffectfiscalpolicyexcept:

A.Incometaxes
B.GovernmentSpendingmoreonnationalhighways.
C.Payinghighersubsidies
D.Payingunemploymentinsurancebenefits.
E.Rateofinterest
Q.82

152. Answer: Option E
•TheIndiangovernmentcoordinateswiththeRBI.RBIeitherdecreasesorincreasesthemoneysupplywhichwill
influencetherateofinterest
•GovernmentaspartofitsfiscalpolicytamperswithTaxratesanditsexpenditureonvariousprograms.

153. InthecontextofBalanceofpayment(BoP),whatare‘accommodatingtransactions’?
A.MismatchesinBalanceofpaymentrecords.
B.Currentaccounttransactions.
C.TransactionsthataredonetobalancethesurplusordeficitofBalanceofpayment.
D.Transactionsthataredonewithprofitmaximizationmotive.
E.NoneoftheAbove
Q.83

154. Accommodating Transactions
•Transactions done to balance the surplus or deficit of BoPcaused by the Current account
andAutonomous transactions are calledaccommodating transactions. Hence option C is
the answer.
These include –
•Foreign exchange reserve
•Borrowing from IMF or foreign monetary authorities
Answer: Option C

155. Whichofthefollowingisnotthecorrectstatementrelatingtothebenefitsofsmall-scaleindustriesforaneconomy?
A.Theyprovideimmediatelarge-scaleemployment.
B.Theyofferamethodofensuringamoreequitabledistributionofthenationalincome.
C.Theyfacilitateaneffectivemobilisationofresourcesofcapitalandskill.
D.Theycancompetewithforeignheavyindustriesandcanprovideheavymachineries.
E.Theybringabouttheregionalbalancesinthecountry.
Q.84

156. Answer: Option D
•TheMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(MSME)sectorhasemergedasahighlyvibrantanddynamicsectorofthe
Indianeconomyoverthelastfivedecades.Itcontributessignificantlyintheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthe
countrybyfosteringentrepreneurshipandgeneratinglargeemploymentopportunitiesatcomparativelylowercapital
cost,nextonlytoagriculture.MSMEsarecomplementarytolargeindustriesasancillaryunitsandthissector
contributessignificantlyintheinclusiveindustrialdevelopmentofthecountry.TheMSMEsarewideningtheir
domainacrosssectorsoftheeconomy,producingdiverserangeofproductsandservicestomeetdemandsof
domesticaswellasglobalmarkets.
•AspertheAnnualreport2022-23oftheMinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises,theMSMEsector
providedemploymentto11.10Crorepeople.MSMEssectorcontributesaround30%toIndia'sGDPandhas40%
shareinthecountry'sexports.

157. _____hasrecentlyjoinedtheShanghaiCooperationOrganisationatits23rdleaders’summit,
hostedvirtuallybyIndiaaschairmanofthegrouping.
(a)Pakistan
(b)Iran
(c)Russia
(d)Kazakhstan
(e)Uzbekistan
Q.85

158. Answer: Option B

159. WhichofthefollowingstatementsareincorrectregardingBRICS?
(a)BRICSdoesnotexistinformoforganization,butitisanannualsummit
(b)BRICS started as BRIC and Spain was invited later to join.
(c)BRICSblocofdevelopingnationsagreedtoadmitSaudiArabia,Iran,Ethiopia,Egypt,Argentina
andtheUnitedArabEmirates
(d)B and C
(e)A and C
Q.86

160. Answer: Option B
Announcingthedecisionattheendofthe15thBRICSsummitat
Johannesburg,PrimeMinisterNarendraModisaidadditionofnew
memberswouldstrengthentheoutfitandincreaseconfidenceintheidea
ofmultipolarworldorder.

161. Q.WhichofthefollowingministryinIndiadecidestherateofdepreciationofagood?
(a)Ministry of Finance
(b)MinistryofCommerceandIndustry
(c)MinistryofStatisticsandProgrammeimplementation
(d)Ministry of Railways
(e)Ministryofdefense
Q.87

162. Everyasset(excepthumanbeings)goesfordepreciationintheprocessoftheiruse,which
meansthey‘wearandtear’.
Thegovernmentsoftheeconomiesdecideandannouncetheratesbywhichassets
depreciate(doneinIndiabytheMinistryofCommerceandIndustry)andalistispublished,
whichisusedbydifferentsectionsoftheeconomytodeterminethereallevelsof
depreciationindifferentassets.HenceoptionBistheanswer.
Answer: Option B

163. Intermsofeconomy,theVisitbyforeignnationalstowitnessthe2023CricketWorldCupin
Indiawouldamountto
(a)Export
(b)Import
(c)Production
(d)Consumption
(e)Investment
Q.88

164. Exportsaregoodsandservicesthatareproducedinonecountryandsoldtobuyersinanother.The
visitofforeignnationalstoIndiaamountedtoexportasforeignnationalswillbuyIndiangoodsand
useIndianservices.Also,Indiawillgetforeigncurrency.HenceOptionAistheanswer.Animportisa
goodorserviceboughtinonecountrythatwasproducedinanother.SupposeacitizenoftheUSbuys
goodsandservicesinIndia,thenitwouldamounttoImportfortheUS.Becauseitscitizenisbuying
goodsandservicesfromanothercountry.Production-Theprocessofmakingorgrowinggoodstobe
sold.Consumption-Theamountusedoreaten.Investment-Aninvestmentisanassetoritem
acquiredwiththegoalofgeneratingincome.
Answer: Option A

165. Q.ThedominantobjectiveofMonetaryPolicyis
(a)ControllingMoneySupply
(b)Controlling Demand for Money
(c)Achieving Price Stability
(d)PromotingForeignTrade
(e)ReductionofUnemployment
Q.89

166. Explanation:MonetaryPolicyreferstotheuseofmonetaryinstrumentsunderthecontrolofthe
centralbanktoinfluencevariables,suchasinterestrates,moneysupply,andavailabilityofcredit,to
achievetheobjectivesofthepolicy.
MonetaryPolicycouldhaveeitherasingleobjectiveofpricestabilityormultipleobjectivesofthe
policy.Intheoryandpractice,pricestabilityisconsideredthedominantobjectiveofmonetarypolicy.
Forcountries,whichhaveadoptedaninflation-targetingframeworkpricestabilityisthecore
objective.Therefore,thecorrectansweris'AchievingPricestability'.HenceoptionCisthecorrect
answer.
Answer: Option C

167. Q.Which of the following statement is NOT correct regarding the New Development
Bank (NDB)?
(a)It is established by the BRICS countries
(b)It is headquartered at Sanghai, China
(c)K.V Kamath was the first president of the Bank
(d)The initial authorised capital of the bank was $100 bn
(e)It cannot lend to countries other than BRICS members
Answer:E
Q.90

168. Q.Itisatypeofpovertygenerallycausedbyasuddencrisisorlossandisoftentemporary.
Itcanbecausedbyenvironmentaldisasters,divorce,orseverehealthproblems.Whichkind
ofpovertyarewereferringto?
(a)Generational poverty
(b)Situational poverty
(c)Absolute poverty
(d)Relative poverty
(e)Noneoftheabove
Answer:B
Q.91

169. Q.Whenwesaythatapersonhasmoremoneyinhishandtosaveortoconsumewhen
comparedtothepreviousyearforexample,thenthereisadefiniteincreaseinwhichofthe
following?
(a)PortionofNationalIncomereceivedbyindividuals
(b)PersonalDisposableIncomeofthatperson
(c)PrivateIncome
(d)Personal Income
(e)Noneoftheabove
Answer:B
Q.92

170. Q.Whichofthepricescomesintoplayduringthebillingprocess,wheretheindirecttaxes
leviedbythegovernmentareaddedandthisisthefinalcosttheconsumerhastopayfor
theproductandthesubsidiesaresubtractedbecauseitreducesthecostofproductionand
thustheconsumerhastopayless.
(a)FactorCost
(b)BasicPrice
(c)Market Prices
(d)CurrentPrices
(e)None of the above
Answer:C
Q.93

171. Q.Acountrywantstoknowwhetherthequantityofgoodsproducedinthatcountryina
yearhasincreasedwhencomparedtothepreviousyear.Whichofthefollowingwouldgive
anidearegardingthesame?
(a)RealGDP
(b)Nominal GDP
(c)PerCapitaGDP
(d)PurchasingPowerParity
(e)None of the Above
Q.94

172. GDPcanbecalculatedat:
a.Currentprices(NominalGDP)
b.Constantprices(RealGDP)
NominalGDP:NominalGDPreferstothecurrentyear'sproductionoffinalgoodsandservicesvalued
atcurrentyear'sprices.
RealGDP:Ifthismeasureisadjustedforinflation;itisexpressedinrealterms.RealGDPreferstothe
currentyearproductionofgoodsandservicesvaluedatbaseyearprices.Baseyearpricesareconstant
prices.
Answer: Option A

173. Whichoneofthefollowingisnotarevenuereceiptingovernmentbudget?
A.Directtaxes
B.Recoveryofloans
C.ProfitsandDividends
D.Fees,PenaltyandFine
E.Interestreceipts
Q.95

174. Answer: Option B

175. Whichoneofthefollowingisacapitalreceiptingovernmentbudget?

A.Interestreceiptsonloansgivenbythegovernmenttootherparties
B.Dividendsandprofitsfrompublicsectorundertakings
C.Borrowingofthegovernmentfrompublic
D.Incometaxreceipts
E.Fines
Q.96

176. Answer: Option C
•Capitalreceiptsarereceiptsthatcreateliabilitiesorreducefinancialassets.Theyalsorefertoincomingcashflows.
•Capitalreceiptscanbebothnon-debtanddebtreceipts.
•Loansfromthegeneralpublic,foreigngovernmentsandtheReserveBankofIndia(RBI)formacrucialpartofcapital
receipts.

177. Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/arecorrectregardingcapitalgoods?
1.Thesearefinalgoodsandnottheintermediategoods.
2.Theythemselvesdonotgettransformedintheproductionprocess.
3.Overaperiodoftime,themonetaryvalueofmostofthecapitalgoodsgetsincreased.
4.Capitalgoodsareoneofthefactorsofproduction.
A.1and3only
B.2and3only
C.1,2and4only
D.1,2and3only
E.Alloftheabove
Q.97

178. Answer: Option C
•Capitalgoodsaretangibleassetssuchasbuildings,machinery,equipment,vehiclesand
toolsthatanorganizationusestoproducegoodsorservicesinordertoproduceconsumer
goodsandgoodsforotherbusinesses.
•Manufacturersofautomobiles,aircraft,andmachineryfallwithinthecapitalgoods
sectorbecausetheirproductsareusedbycompaniesinvolvedinmanufacturing,shippingand
providingotherservices.
•Statement3isincorrectasduringthecourseoftime,thevalueofthecapitalgoodsgets
decreased.
•Thisconceptisknownasdepreciation.
•Depreciation:Thecapitalgetsconsumedduringtheyearduetowearandtear.Thiswearand
teariscalleddepreciation.E.g.WebuyanewcarforRs.5,00,000.Astheyearspassby,thecar
getsusedandneedsmaintenance.Soaftersayfor5years,thevalueofthecardoesnot
remainthesame.
•TheotherfactorsofproductionareLand,LabourandEntrepreneurship.

179. Whichofthefollowingis\arenottheQualitativeToolsofMonetaryPolicy?
A.CreditRationing
B.MoralSuasion
C.CashreserveRatio
D.DirectAction
E.AlloftheAbovearetheQualitativeToolsofMonetaryPolicy
Q.98

180. Answer: Option C
•Qualitativetoolsaredirectandspecificinnature.Qualitative
toolsincludepersuasionbytheCentralbankinordertomake
commercialbanksdiscourageorencouragelendingwhichisdone
throughmoralsuasion.
•Qualitativealsocalledselectivecreditcontrolinstrumentswork
throughregulationofmarginrequirement,creditrationing,
regulationofconsumercredit,moralsuasionanddirectaction.

181. StandingDepositisatoolusedaspartoftheLiquidityAdjustmentFacility.Whichofthefollowingstatements
iswrongforSDF?
A.StandingDepositFacilitycanbeusedtosuckliquidity
B.StandingDepositFacilityneedGovernmentSecurities​
C.StandingDepositFacilitychangeswithRepoRate
D.UnderStandingDepositFacility,bankscandepositmoneywithRBI
E.NoneoftheAbove
Q.99

182. Answer: Option B

183. Inthecontextofanycounty,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredaspartofitssocialcapital?
A.Thepopulationofthecountry
B.Thestockofitsbuildings,otherinfrastructureandmachines
C.Thesizeofpopulationintheworkingagegroup
D.Thelevelofmutualtrustandharmonyinthesociety
E.Noneoftheabove
Q.100

184. Answer: Option D
•Thelevelofmutualtrustandharmonyinthesociety.
•Thestockofitsbuildings,otherinfrastructure,andmachinesimpliesaphysical
capital.
•Socialcapitalisthevalues,beliefs,andattitudesthatgovernthenatureofsocial
interactions.
•Socialcapitalreferstoconnectionsamongindividuals—socialnetworksandthe
normsofreciprocityandtrustworthinessthatarisefromthemi.e.thelevelofmutual
trustandharmonyinthesociety.