Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem 1Ecosystem

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1. ECOSYSTEM
---Dr. Sunil B. Ogale
Department of Geography
VP ASC College VidyanagariBaramati

2. OR, MORE SIMPLY
•an ecosystem is composed of the organisms
and physical environment of a specified
area.
•SIZE: micro to MACRO

3. Two parts of an Ecosystem
Biotic and Abiotic
•Biotic –
–factors that are or were alive/living in an
ecosystem.
•Examples: animals, plants, insects, bacteria,
fungi, and dead organisms.

4. Abiotic
•Factors in an environment that are not or
never were alive. (Physical and chemical
component)
•Examples: rock island, gases, water, sun,
minerals and temperature.

5. Compare detritus feeders to
decomposers:

6. Ecosystem structure
Vegetation Animal
Decomposer

7. Structure of Ecosystem
•Abiotic Factors -
Physical & Chemical Components
•Biotic Factors -
-Plant
-Animal
-Decomposer

8. The Biotic Components of Ecosystems
Producers
(autotrophs)
-Photosynthesis
Consumers
(heterotrophs)
-Aerobic
respiration
Decomposers

9. Outside Energy Source
Powers
photosynthesis
Warms earth
Powers water
cycle

10. Ecosystem Function
Energy flow
Nutrient cycling
Food Chain-
Food Web-
Trophic Levels-

11. Energy flow and material cycling

12. Energy transfer in a food chain: First
law of thermodynamics

13. Food Chains
•The producers, consumers, and
decomposers of each ecosystem
make up a food chain.
•There are many food chains in an
ecosystem.
•Food chains show where energy is
transferred and not who eats who.

14. •Together, these groups make up a
FOOD CHAIN
•E.g., grass, rabbit, eagle
Carnivore Herbivore Producer

15. Modified from: General Ecology, by David T. Krome
Trophic level: All the organisms that are
the same number of food-chain steps
from the primary source of energy

16. Trophic levels

17. Ecological Pyramid

18. Food Web

19. Natural
1.Terrestrial ecosystems (grasslands, forests,
desert ecosystems)
2.Aquatic ecosystem
a.Lentic(Stagnant water) like lake, ponds
etc.
b.Lotic(Flowing water) like river, ocean,
sea, etc.
Artificial
1.A crop land, garden, aquarium, park, kitchen
garden.

20. Aquatic and terrestrial biomes
(Biome = major ecosystem type)

22. Dry woodlands and
shrublands (chaparral)
Temperate grassland
Temperate deciduous forest
Boreal forest (taiga), evergreen coniferous
forest (e.g., montane coniferous forest)
Arctic tundra (polar grasslands)
Tropical savanna,
thorn forest
Tropical scrub forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Tropical rain forest,
tropical evergreen forest
Desert
Ice
Mountains
(complex zonation)
Semidesert,
arid grassland
Tropic of
Capricorn
Equator
Tropic of
Cancer

24. Tropical Forest: Vertical stratification with trees in canopy blocking light to
bottom strata. Many trees covered by epiphytes (plants that grow on other
plants).

26. Coniferous forest: Largest terrestial biome on earth, old growth forests
rapidly disappearing, usually receives lots of moisture as rain or snow.

27. Grassland Ecosystem

28. Temperate Grassland: Marked by seasonal drought and fires, and grazing by
large animals. Rich habitat for agriculture, very little prairie exists in US today.

30. Grassland Food Web

31. Desert Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem

32. Climate
The desert is very dry and warm. A very
little amount of rain a year. Some deserts
can be over 100 degrees F. That’s so hot.

33. Location
The desert is located 30 degrees latitude.
Some deserts are in the Mountains. The
Mojave desert is the name of the desert that
is located here in California.

34. Desert Animals
Many animals live in the desert. These
animals can survive in this hot weather. Let
me name some of them. The camel, lizards,
rattlesnakes, kangaroo rats, and more!

35. Roadrunner
Anteater
Scorpion
Gila monster (lizard)
Camel

37. Desert Plants
Now I would like to tell you about the desert
plants. These plants can survive in the hot
weather because the don’t need much water .
These plants live in the desert. The cactus,
saguaro, creosote bushes, and other plants.

38. Desert Plants
•Many plants are found in the desert.
They usually grow close to the ground.
•These plants have special parts that help
them save water.
•The special parts are: thick stem,
shallow and wide roots, and thick skin
covered with spines instead of leaves.

39. Cold Desert Ecosystem