Edible vaccine

information about edible vaccine .

1. EDIBLE VACCINE PRESENTED BY :- HARSHIKA GADODIYA

2. EDIBLE VACCINE WHAT IS VACCINE? WHAT IS IDEAL VACCINE ? WHAT IS EDIBLE VACCINE ? WHO IS FATHER OF EDIBLE VACCINE? WHY EDIBLE VACCINE? HOW IT’S WORKS? WHERE DID YOU FINDS EDIBLE VACCINE? PROS AND CONS OF EDIBLE VACCINE?

3. What is vaccine? A word vaccine derived from usage of cowpox { cow means vacca } in Latin. A vaccine is a biologically preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious diseases. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease- causing microorganism. Edward Jenner used is first vaccine in human being in 1796, resulting to protecting human being against smallpox. After Jenner death , Jenner’s works continued by Louis Pasteur.

4. What is ideal vaccine? Is 100% efficient in all individuals of any age. Should provide long lasting immunity. Stable under various conditions ( temperatuer,light&transportation ). Should induce both humoral & cell-mediated immunity. Does not evoke adverse reactions. Is available in unlimited quantities. Is easy to administer, preferably orally. Should be safe & effective. Should be inexpensive to produce.

5. What is Edible V accine? Edible vaccine are nothing but transgenic plant and animal based on production of or those that contain agents that triggers an animals immune response. In simple terms, edible vaccine are plant or animal made pharmaceuticals. As Hippocrates say , “ the food be thy medicine.”

6. Who is Father of Edible Vaccine? Father of the Edible Vaccine (first used) by CHARLES ARNTZEN in 1990.

7. Why edible vaccine ? How it’s works? Because it is Needle free, Cheap , safe and easy to storage and carry.

8. How it’s work ? Mechanism of action of Edible vaccine?

9. Mechanism of action of Edible vaccine

10. Where did you find edible vaccine? According to Arntzen , earliest demonstration of an edible vaccine was the expression of a surface antigen from the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in tobacco. As this bacterium causes dental carries, it was envisaged that the stimulation of a mucosal immune response would prevent the bacteria from colonizing the teeth & therefore protect against tooth decay.

11. But according to recent reports, there are several plant who derived vaccines for humans. U se are approaching the market but it is likely that the first commercial plant derived vaccine would be a veterinarty vaccine . At least 30 such products have been expressed in plant , some providing protection against challenges with disease causing agents. The trial carried out by ProdiGENE Inc. showed for the first time that an oral vaccine produced in plants could protect livestocks against virulence challenge. E.g. polio etc. The first products to reach market could be products to reach markets could be poultry vaccine developed by Dow Agrosciences , has been proposed for market release in 2006 .

12. Clinical trial ETEC {ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COIL} Boyce Thompson Institute, USA. Accomplished the first published successful human trial in 1997. Eleven volunteers were fed raw transgenic potatoes expressing LT-B. Ten (91%) of these individuals developed neutralizing antibodies, and six (55%) developed a mucosal response.

13. Norwalk virus Transgenic potato expressing Norwalk virus antigen showed seroconversion. Nineteen (95%) out of 20 people fed with transgenic potato expressing Norwalk virus antigen showed seroconversion. Attempts are underway to engineer bananas and powdered tomatoes expressing Norwalk virus .

14. Cholera Transgenic potato with CT-B gene of Vibrio cholera was shown to be effective in mice. Eating one potato a week for a month with periodic boosters was said to provide immunity.

15. Measles Mice fed with tobacco expressing MV-H could attain antibody titers five times the level considered protective for humans. MV-H edible vaccine does not cause atypical measles, which may be occasionally seen with the current vaccine. Transgenic rice , lettuce and baby food against measles are also being developed.

16. Hepatitis B For hepatitis B, parental VLPs could invoke specific antibodies in mice. First human trials of a potato based vaccine against hepatitis B have reported encouraging results. The amount of HBsAg needed for one dose could be achieved in a single potato. When cloned into CaMv , plasmid HBsAg subtype showed higher expression in roots as compared to leaf tissues of the transgenic potato.

17. Pros & Cons of Edible Vaccine Pros The plants producing the edible vaccines could be grown in the third world countries. Plants are regularly used in pharmaceuticals, and there exist established purification protocols. Growing plants is much cheaper than producing vaccines. Plants can not host most human pathogens, so the vaccines will not pose a danger to humans. Cons Plants are living organisms that changes, So the continuity of the vaccine production might not be guaranteed. The edible vaccines could be mistaken for regular fruits and consumed in larger amounts than might be safe. The dosage of the vaccines might be variable. For example, different sized bananas will contain different amounts of vaccine. If the vaccine were grown in fields or on trees, security would become a big issues.

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