edward jenner

edward jenner

1. Edward Jenner
Gopisankar.M.G.
2008 MBBS

2. Edward Jenner(1749-1823)
Pioneer of small
pox vaccine
Father of
immunology

3. life of Jenner….
Born on 17
th
May 1749(Berkeley)
From the age of 14yrs ,trained as
apprentice to Daniel Ludlow, a surgeon
In 1770-worked under surgeon John
Hunter at St.George’s hospital.
Returned to Berkeley in 1773,practised
as GP & surgeon.
Edward Jenner died of stroke at the age
of 73, on 26 January 1823

4. Small pox
Disease goes
through stages of
macules ,papules,
vesicles,pustules
over the skin.
Severe forms-
hemorrhagic

5. Greatly feared disease for thousands of years
Caused by Variola virus
1/3
rd
of the patients died
Survivors –badly disfigured
10 yrs before eradication ,the disease was
present in 44 countries, with a global incidence
of around 10 million cases annually !!!

6. Jenner Vs Pox
Jenner’s initial theory-
The initial source of infection was a disease of
horses, called "the grease", and that this was
transferred to cows by farm workers,
transformed, and then manifested as cowpox.
 He noted-Milkmaids don't generally get small
pox
He theorized it-pus in the blisters which
milkmaids received from cowpox (a disease
similar to smallpox, but much less virulent)
protected the milkmaids from smallpox.

7. On 14 May 1796,
Inoculated James Phipps, a young boy of 8
years (the son of Jenner's gardener), with
material from the cowpox blisters of the hand of
Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid who had caught
cowpox from a cow called Blossom
produced a fever and some uneasiness but no
great illness
Injected Phipps with variolous material –No
disease followed
Again challenged with variolous material-but no
sign of infection

8. Why Jenner was successful??
Not only inoculated cowpox ,but also
proved that they are immune to small
pox
Demonstrated that the protective
cowpox could be effectively inoculated
from person to person, not just directly
from cattle.
He tested his theory on a series of 23
subjects. This aspect of his research
method increased the validity of his
evidence.

9. He continued his research and reported it
to the Royal Society, who did not publish
the initial report.
After improvement and further work, he
published a report of twenty-three cases
In 1803 in London he became involved
with the Jennerian Institution, a society
concerned with promoting vaccination to
eradicate smallpox.

10. Post- Jenner era
17 yrs after his death(1840), British
government banned variolation ( the
use of smallpox itself)  and provided
vaccination (using cowpox )free of
charge.
In 1976,Global eradication programme
of Smallpox –initiated by WHO.
After 10 years-disease was wiped out ,

11. .
Last stock is in – USA and Russia
They were to be destroyed by June 30 ,
1999.
But fears of the possible use of small pox
in bioterrorism led to an indefinite
extension of the deadline.
Whole world was certified “small pox free
area” in October 1979.

Formally declared by WHO in 8
th
May
1980

12. Remembering the great man…..
-Jenner's house is now a small museum
housing among other things the horns of
the cow, Blossom (Berkeley).
-Near the small Gloucestershire village of
Uley, Downham Hill is locally known as
'Smallpox Hill', with a possible connection
to Jenner's local work with the disease.

13. A statue was erected
in Trafalgar Square,
later moved to
Kensington Gardens.
