EE possibilities and perspectives_1.pptx

EE possibilities and perspectives_1.pptx

1. A project imp l emented by /\TKINS i n Consortium w i th G MWH GFAL �re nae adetef . - .r, : ECO .....,.. A_,,..'"""° Co,,sulring Group renewables academy A u •tttkmlqil,tr,.. -- -

2. Agenda Key Issues on Power Demand Key Issues on Power Supply Response to the Key Issues Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the supply side Energy Efficiency Potential Barriers to Energy Efficiency in Africa Options to remove barriers to EE Conclusion -

3. Key Issues on Power Demand Electricity demand in Africa is constrained by availability of supply. Total electricity demand in 2012, 605 TWh .c 300 ::,, r:! 2S0 200 150 100 so North \\lest East C.entral Southern Other Agriculture Res.idential Services Industry Source: Africa Energy Out l ook, 2014 Demand in Sub Saharan Africa was 352 TWh in 2012, just 70% of the level of Korea, which has a population 5% of the size -

4. Nort h Af ri ca: 1 MILLION { . 08 %) . Asia : 309 MILLION (24.6 %) L 2 a 4 t i n M A I L m L e I r O i c a N : . .. .. ...... .. .......... . (1.9 % ) Key Issues on Power Demand (Continued) Population without Access to Electricity M i dd l e East: 19 MILLION (1.5 %) . • • · . . · . · i I I In d i a : 306 MILLION { 24 . 3 %) sub - Saha r an Africa : 599 MILLION (47 . 6 %) World Total : ' 1 ,258 M I LLIO N T r ans i tion econo 1 nies & OECD : 1MILLION (0.08 %) Sou r ce : IEA World Energy Out l ook 2013

5. Key Issues on Power Supply Insufficient generation capacity - Grid- based power generation capacity in sub- Saharan Africa has increased from around 68 GW in 2000 to 90 GW in 2012, with South Africa alone accounting for about half of the total (WEO, 2014) Poor reliability - .. many firms operate their own diesel generators at two to three times the cost with attendant environmental costs N ige r ia Other West Cen t ra l East Southe r n 8 Industry Serv i ces Residentia l 10 12 TWh 2 4 6 S ou rce: A fr i ca E nergy Outlook, 2 01 4 -

6. Key Issues on Power Supply (Continued} Power Generation : Power plants in sub- Saharan Africa consists largely of technologies with the lowest efficiencies , often favored due to their lower upfront capital costs. Average efficiency of the fleet of gas- fired power plants was 38% in 2012, due to the predominance of open- cycle gas turbines (instead of higher efficiency combined- cycle gas turbines) Average efficiency of gas- fired power plants in India (46%) Unused fuel could have generated 8 TWh (21 %) more electricity (WEO 2014). - Source : http://www.m a c auh ub . eom . m o/en/20 1 2/07/2 5 / m ozamb i q u e - will ­ h ave- three - mor e - nat ur a l - gas- f ir ed- power- plants/

7. Key Issues on Power Supply (Continued} Power Generation : Power plants in sub- Saharan Africa consists largely of technologies with the lowest efficiencies , often favored due to their lower upfront capital costs. Average efficiency of the fleet of gas- fired power plants was 38% in 2012, due to the predominance of open- cycle gas turbines (instead of higher efficiency combined- cycle gas turbines) Average efficiency of gas- fired power plants in India (46%) Unused fuel could have generated 8 TWh (21 %) more electricity (WEO 2014). - Source : http://www.m a c auh ub . eom . m o/en/20 1 2/07/2 5 / m ozamb i q u e - will ­ h ave- three - mor e - nat ur a l - gas- f ir ed- power- plants/

8. Response to the key Issues Energy Efficiency as an essential tool to meet the continent energy supply challenge Dissemination of CFLs (Replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFLs) Energy saving awareness Promotion of energy efficient households appliances (ACs and Refrigerators) through MEPS and energy labeling programs Solar water heating Energy audits Power factor correction Promotion of efficient cooking stoves In spite of these efforts, numerous challenges persist -

9. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side There are numerous other possibilities for improving energy efficiency on the demand and supply sides. Demand Side - - -- ,- - - Lighting i t E lec tri c Motors Cook stoves Transport Others 65% of all end use g l oba l e l ectric i t y consumption Motors 46 % Supply Side Transmission and distribution - St an dby 3 % Source: OECD/IEA, 2011 E l ectronics 10 % E l ectro l ys is 3 %

10. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Lighting Energy Efficient Light Bulbs Light Output (lumens) 450 800 1100 1600 2600 Source: Compilation Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) - Watt - - - Incandescent Light Bulbs (Watt) 4- 5 40 9 - 13 6- 8 60 13 - 15 9 - 13 75 18 - 25 16 - 20 100 23 - 30 25 - 28 150 30 - 55 Compact Fluorescents (CFLs) - Watt

11. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Lighting (Continued) Control technology upgrades for light i ng systems - Installing occupancy sensors Application Energy Savings Offices (Private) 25- 50% Offices (Open Spaces) 20- 25% Rest Rooms 30- 75% Corridors 30- 40% Storage areas 45- 65% Meeting Rooms 45- 65% Conference Rooms 45- 65% Warehouses 50- 75% Source: Energy Management Handbook, 7 t h E 333

12. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Lighting (Continued) Control technology upgrades for light i ng systems - Installing occupancy sensors Application Energy Savings Offices (Private) 25- 50% Offices (Open Spaces) 20- 25% Rest Rooms 30- 75% Corridors 30- 40% Storage areas 45- 65% Meeting Rooms 45- 65% Conference Rooms 45- 65% Warehouses 50- 75% Source: Energy Management Handbook, 7 t h E 333

13. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Motors Adopt best practices in motor rewind/repair ' Efficiency Motor Description before Rewind 200 hp , 60 Hz , 4 poles 95 . 7% 150 hp , 60 Hz , 2 poles 95.9% 110 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 94.8% 75 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 93.0% Efficiency after Rewind Efficiency Change ' Comments 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 95.9% 95.8% 94.6% 94.6% 93.6% 93.6% 93.7% 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind 1st rewind 2nd rewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind - = - 0.6% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - . 1% - 0.2% - 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% . SO . Hz 4 i;,ol Five burnou t s at 3so·c, one rewind on l y 86 . 7% 86.9% 0.2% F i ve burnou t s at 36o • c, one rewind on l y 5.5 kW, 5 Q..!::g_. 4 poles 83.2% Each ot t he peroent c han ges is re1a 1 ive t o the " be lor e re wind " efficiency 84.0% 0.8% Sourc e : CLASP, 20 14 -

14. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Motors Adopt best practices in motor rewind/repair ' Efficiency Motor Description before Rewind 200 hp , 60 Hz , 4 poles 95 . 7% 150 hp , 60 Hz , 2 poles 95.9% 110 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 94.8% 75 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 93.0% Efficiency after Rewind Efficiency Change ' Comments 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 95.9% 95.8% 94.6% 94.6% 93.6% 93.6% 93.7% 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind 1st rewind 2nd rewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind - = - 0.6% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - . 1% - 0.2% - 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% . SO . Hz 4 i;,ol Five burnou t s at 3so·c, one rewind on l y 86 . 7% 86.9% 0.2% F i ve burnou t s at 36o • c, one rewind on l y 5.5 kW, 5 Q..!::g_. 4 poles 83.2% Each ot t he peroent c han ges is re1a 1 ive t o the " be lor e re wind " efficiency 84.0% 0.8% Sourc e : CLASP, 20 14 -

15. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Motors Adopt best practices in motor rewind/repair ' Efficiency Motor Description before Rewind 200 hp , 60 Hz , 4 poles 95 . 7% 150 hp , 60 Hz , 2 poles 95.9% 110 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 94.8% 75 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 93.0% Efficiency after Rewind Efficiency Change ' Comments 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 95.9% 95.8% 94.6% 94.6% 93.6% 93.6% 93.7% 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind 1st rewind 2nd rewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind - = - 0.6% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - . 1% - 0.2% - 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% . SO . Hz 4 i;,ol Five burnou t s at 3so·c, one rewind on l y 86 . 7% 86.9% 0.2% F i ve burnou t s at 36o • c, one rewind on l y 5.5 kW, 5 Q..!::g_. 4 poles 83.2% Each ot t he peroent c han ges is re1a 1 ive t o the " be lor e re wind " efficiency 84.0% 0.8% Sourc e : CLASP, 20 14 -

16. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Motors Adopt best practices in motor rewind/repair ' Efficiency Motor Description before Rewind 200 hp , 60 Hz , 4 poles 95 . 7% 150 hp , 60 Hz , 2 poles 95.9% 110 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 94.8% 75 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 93.0% Efficiency after Rewind Efficiency Change ' Comments 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 95.9% 95.8% 94.6% 94.6% 93.6% 93.6% 93.7% 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind 1st rewind 2nd rewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind - = - 0.6% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - . 1% - 0.2% - 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% . SO . Hz 4 i;,ol Five burnou t s at 3so·c, one rewind on l y 86 . 7% 86.9% 0.2% F i ve burnou t s at 36o • c, one rewind on l y 5.5 kW, 5 Q..!::g_. 4 poles 83.2% Each ot t he peroent c han ges is re1a 1 ive t o the " be lor e re wind " efficiency 84.0% 0.8% Sourc e : CLASP, 20 14 -

17. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Motors Adopt best practices in motor rewind/repair ' Efficiency Motor Description before Rewind 200 hp , 60 Hz , 4 poles 95 . 7% 150 hp , 60 Hz , 2 poles 95.9% 110 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 94.8% 75 kW , 50 Hz, 4 poles 93.0% Efficiency after Rewind Efficiency Change ' Comments 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 95.9% 95.8% 94.6% 94.6% 93.6% 93.6% 93.7% 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind 1st rewind 2nd rewind 1st rewind 2nd r ewind 3rd rewind - = - 0.6% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - . 1% - 0.2% - 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% . SO . Hz 4 i;,ol Five burnou t s at 3so·c, one rewind on l y 86 . 7% 86.9% 0.2% F i ve burnou t s at 36o • c, one rewind on l y 5.5 kW, 5 Q..!::g_. 4 poles 83.2% Each ot t he peroent c han ges is re1a 1 ive t o the " be lor e re wind " efficiency 84.0% 0.8% Sourc e : CLASP, 20 14 -

18. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Biomass Cooking Stove Improve traditional Biomass cooking stoves g QI QI !? QI C QI ·c Q. N on - grid fuels Grid - based fuels Solar cookers Blogas cook stove Improved biomass cooking stoves Improved coal/ charcoal stoves Compressed natural gos stove and ethanol/ methanol stoves Efficient gas cookers Efficient electric stoves Tree -s tone fire using dung/ waste / wood Inefficient coal/ charcoal stoves Co nv e n ience of use Source: h t t p://www . b i gee. n ett m ed i a/ f i l e r _ pu b li c/20 l 4/03/17/ap p ....ai e nt l a l _ cook in gstoves _ user _ sav in gs _ 20 l 40220 _ 8 . pd f

19. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Biomass Cooking Stove Improve traditional Biomass cooking stoves g QI QI !? QI C QI ·c Q. N on - grid fuels Grid - based fuels Solar cookers Blogas cook stove Improved biomass cooking stoves Improved coal/ charcoal stoves Compressed natural gos stove and ethanol/ methanol stoves Efficient gas cookers Efficient electric stoves Tree -s tone fire using dung/ waste / wood Inefficient coal/ charcoal stoves Co nv e n ience of use Source: h t t p://www . b i gee. n ett m ed i a/ f i l e r _ pu b li c/20 l 4/03/17/ap p ....ai e nt l a l _ cook in gstoves _ user _ sav in gs _ 20 l 40220 _ 8 . pd f

20. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Transport Fuel efficient tyres Fuel economy of light- duty veh i cles Fuel economy of heavy- duty vehicles Eco- driving (Improvements in driving techniques) Source: ht tp://adefem i adesida.b l ogspot.ca/2014 _ 11 _ 1 l _ archive.htm l -

21. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Demand Side - Others Improvement of thermal performance of building envelop Energy efficient boilers Waste heat recovery Energy management systems -

22. Energy Efficiency Possibilities on the Supply Side - T&D Use of energy efficient distribution transformers: They are among the most ubiquitous and the most standardized pieces of electrical equipment, and for that reason make a prime target for improvements that can then be propagated across large areas . Use of High- Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) for long distance transmission -

23. Value of energy efficiency and conservation Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland Successfully capturing Somaliland’s energy efficiency potential will be critical for the electricity sector – relieving constraints in the current network, lowering total system costs, and improving value and service for customers – with significant benefit to both human and economic development as a result .. Demand-side management (DSM) can reduce the cost of grid investments, providing a lower cost alternative to T&D upgrades, or improving service at overloaded feeders while waiting for grid expansion. Energy efficiency (EE) can reduce total system cost of generation, transmission, and distribution in the long-term. Support for EE investment and implementation can help offset the impact of rising electricity prices on consumers and industries

24. The EE&C directorate activities include: Development , review and update of the Action Plan; Development of detailed proposals for individual projects; Funding applications for projects and programs; Data gathering and management; and Reporting and monitoring.

25. Energy Efficiency Potential (SADC) Projected demand reduction in MW under the SAPP DSM program 2012 - 2018 8,000 ••• ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••·,• •• ••·, •••• • • • ••••••••• ••••••·, ••••••• • ••·, • ••·, • ••••• • • ••• 7,000 •• •· ·••• ••••••••••·•·•·•• ·•· ·•••••• ••••.• ..•.. ••.••.•.•.•• •· •· ·•••••• ····•···· ... • · · ····•······ ·· ·• · · •• ·· •·•·· 6,000 ............................................... . 5,000 ................................. 4,000 .................. 3,000 ................. 2,000 ........ ... . .. ... 1,000 ·· ··· Compact fluorescent l amps So l ar water heaters Commercia l lighting Hot water load control 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20 1 7 2018 Source: SADC RE and EE Status Report, 2015 -

26. Angola 243.2 420.4 2.3 4.3 23.8 694.0 Botswana 32.1 224.6 1.1 2.0 11. l 270.9 DRC 539.3 413.7 2.0 3.9 21.5 980.4 Le s otho 17.3 25.7 0.2 0.3 1.8 45.3 Mada g a sc ar 41.1 285.2 . 3 0.7 3 . 7 331.0 Malaw i 94 . 2 700.7 .7 1.2 6.8 803.6 Maur i tius 57.4 644.2 0.8 1.4 7 . 9 711.7 Mozaml1ic1ue 1,364.3 3,408.2 2.8 5.3 29.7 4,810.3 Namibia 83.7 420.0 1.1 2.1 11.4 518.3 Sey c helles South Africa 1.910.6 3,806.6 58.4 110.7 614.9 6501.2 Swaziland 15.4 57.6 0.3 0.6 3.5 77.4 Tanzania 687.2 3,657 . 9 3 . 5.7 31.7 4385 . 5 Zambia 539 . 5 1,475.0 1.8 3.4 18.8 2038 . 5 Zimbabwe 287.0 281.3 3.6 6 . 7 37.4 616.0 SADC 5,912 . 3 15 , 821 . 1 78.4 148 . 3 824 22784 . 1 Energy Efficiency Potential (SADC) - Con tinued Saving potential for energy - efficient refrigerators , air conditioners and distribution transformers in SADC Countries Refri2erators Air conditioners Sin2le phase DTs 3 • phase DTs (75 kVA) DTs 3 phase (1,000 kVA) So u rce : SADC RE and EE Stat u s Repo r t, 2015 -

27. Energy Efficiency Potential (Global) According to the IEA, two- thirds of the economic potent i al to improve energy efficiency remains untapped in the period to 2035 60% - 40% -- ·- 20% Unrealised energy efficiency potential Realised energy efficiency potential Industry Transport Power generation Buildings So ur ce : Wor l d E n ergy Out l ook, 2014 -

28. What is blocking application of and investments in Energy Efficiency in Africa? Energy- efficiency potentials are not being realised, even when they are economically cost- effective. Numerous barriers impede their adoption and rapid market diffusion Lack of information on energy efficiency among consumers and the financial sector, leading to cost- effective energy- efficiency measures opportunities being missed Limited know how of policy makers Lack of technical capacity to develop and implement energy efficiency projects Subsidised energy prices Organizational and institutional gaps and overlaps Limited access to capital may prevent energy- efficiency measures from being implemented Inertia: individuals who are opponents to change within an organisation may result in overlooking energy- efficiency measures that are cost- effective Policy interventions are re - to overcome such barriers

29. Options to Remove Barriers to Energy Efficiency Removing barriers to energy efficiency require different measures Minimum energy performance standards (MESP) and labeling Awareness- raising efforts Economic incentives Energy efficiency programmes and capacity building Energy service companies Energy Management systems Evaluation and impacts assessment are important -

30. Conclusion More measures need to be adopted and implemented to improve energy efficiency on the continent A large part of the potential is untapped as most countries relay on old and inefficient technologies (often acquired second- hand) The residential, service and industry sectors use more than 80% of the energy in African countries, making these sectors an obvious focus to implement measures to improve efficiency on the demand side Energy efficiency measures are also needed in the transmission and distribution system due to high technical and non- technical losses therein. -

31. Thank you for your attention! Luc Kevo Tossou Energy Efficiency Expert A pro j ect im p l e m e nt e d by /\TKINS in Co n so rt ium w i t h *** * * * * * * *** T hi s p r o j ect i s fun de d by the E u r opea n Union 41}) MWH GFA b - - • arm nao Co,,,- ,,/ting Grtmp = • iiii rena C adetef . !t!l ,enewables academy -"11rulacft• • fnnot i 1 KAn E I CENTR E FOR RENEWABL '7 CRES EllERGYSOURCESANOSAVIN - ECOFYS -