EEG ppt

Eeg ppt

1. EEG-CURRENT STATUS OF ITS DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATIONS DR SWAPNIL SAMADHIYA SR DM NEUROLOGY GMC KOTA

2. The EEG predominantely clinical applications in epilepsy and sleep disorder diagnosis. Recent developments in cheap and portable EEG units , creation of consumer neuroscience applications , real-time insights into the current state of the brain can be used to enable a number of novel applications. Today will discuss , current applications of EEG technology in and out of the lab.

3. USES OF EEG Clinical Use EEG helpful in epilepsy

4. USES Investigate sleep disorder and physiology REM behavior disorder-EEG slowing occuring while awake and asleep ,frequently obseved in DLB . Identification of case which might convert to alpha synucleopathies Person with RBD PSG shows increase muscle tone associated with EEG pattern of REM sleep,whereas in healthy persons EEG pattern of REM sleep associated with atonia

5. USES Adjunct test of brain death Electrocerebral inactivity (ECI) is defined as the absence of any waves of cerebral origin. The record should not have activity that exceeds 2 μV , unless that activity is clear environmental artifact (e.g., an IV drip or cardiac artifact). Double-distance electrodes spaced 10 centimeters or more apart from each other Low-frequency filters should be set between 0.5 Hz and 1.5 Hz, and the high-frequency filter should be set at 70 Hz.

6. Interelectrode impedance should be between 1000 and 10,000 Ohms. The EEG should be reviewed at a sensitivity of 2 μV /mm for at least 30 minutes R eversible disturbances must be excluded (toxic–metabolic perturbations, hypothermia, or sedating medication).

7. USES Encephalopathy severity, prognosis. Diagnostic role in rapidly progressive dementia like CJD, Hashimoto Encephalopathy, SSPE

8. Patterns of EEG ( related to encephalopathy and cognitive decline ) Diffuse slowing Intermittent delta rhythms Periodic EEG patterns(PLED,BIPLEDS,GPED) Triphasic waves Burst suppression activity Monorhythmic activity( alpha, beta , spindle coma)

9. USES Control anesthesia depth During deep anaesthesia the EEG may develop a characteristic pattern, which is known as burst suppression (BS). It is characterised by alternating periods of normal to high voltage activity changing to low voltage. This kind of activity is usually seen when the concentration of anaesthetic drug is high . Ferron J-F, Kroeger D, Chever O, Amzica F. Cortical inhibition during burst suppression induced with isoflurane anesthesia. J Neurosci . 2009;29:9850–9860.  

10. USES Monitor secondary brain damage in conditions such as SAH and Stroke Poor-grade SAH patients, scalp EEG changes occur early and indicate global ischemic injury J Cereb Blood Flow Metab . 2018 Mar; 38(3): 506–517.Published online 2017 Apr 7.  doi :  10.1177/0271678X17700433

11. USES Monitor cognitive engagement (alpha rhythm) Psychophysiological sensors such as Electroencephalography (EEG) can provide users with cues about their cognitive state. Through a study where participants worked on their real-world tasks, BrainAtWork provided helpful insights and was perceived as a useful and potential way to help workers schedule their tasks. Yomna Abdelrahman , Mariam Hassib , Maria Guinea Marquez, Markus Funk, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2015 .Implicit Engagement Detection for Interactive Museums Using Brain-Computer Interfaces. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct ( MobileHCI ’15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 838–845. DOI:http :// dx.doi.org /10.1145/2786567.2793709

12. USES Monitor human brain development Continuous EEG monitoring with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (a EEG) ,especially in full-term infants with hypoxia-ischemia and in infants suspected of seizures. Its prognostic value after birth asphyxia is well established and seizure detection has improved with the new digital a EEG devices with access to the "real" EEG, and even with seizure detection in some devices.

13. Recent experience shows that a EEG monitoring also appears to be very helpful in premature infants. EEG is a powerful tool for tracking brain changes during different phases of life. EEG sleep analysis can indicate significant aspects of the timing of brain development, including evaluating adolescent brain maturation. Feinberg, I.; Campbell, I. G. (2012).  Longitudinal sleep EEG trajectories indicate complex patterns of adolescent brain maturation .  AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology .  304  (4): R296–303.  

14. Research Use Cognitive science, Cognitive psychology Evoked potentials is currently one of the main means Because the specificity of evoked, namely "ad hoc" stimulation related as well as close links with a specific circuit so that it carries more information about the structure and function of the brain.

15. Event-related potentials in the neurophysiology of the brain and cognitive psychology in the process of integration, ERP became the largest sources understand the neural basis of cognition These cognitive processes include feeling, perception, memory, judgment, thinking, learning, imagination, reasoning, problem solving, concept formation and language.

16. USES Neuro linguistics Study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. Where language information is processed, How language processing unfolds over time, How brain structures are related to language acquisition and learning, How neurophysiology can contribute to speech and language pathology.

17. The main linguistic subfields, and how neurolinguistics addresses them Subfield Description Research questions in neurolinguistics Phonetics the study of speech sounds how the brain extracts speech sounds from an  acoustic signal , how the brain separates speech sounds from background noise Phonology the study of how sounds are organized in a language how the phonological system of a particular language is represented in the brain Morphology and   lexicology the study of how words are structured and stored in the  mental lexicon how the brain stores and accesses words that a person knows Syntax the study of how multiple-word utterances are constructed how the brain combines words into  constituents  and sentences; how structural and semantic information is used in understanding sentences Semantics the study of how meaning is encoded in language

18. USES Pharmaco -electroencephalography  Has developed methods to identify substances that systematically alter brain functions for therapeutic and recreational use. Economically useful in clinically classifying new agents, dosage ranges and durations of effects, and separating active from inactive substances.  Equivalent EEG activity of the laevo and dextro enantiomers of 6-azamianserin ( mirtazapine ) despite differences in preclinical trials.

19. In testing narcotic antagonists ( naloxone ,  cyclazocine ) and opioid substitutes (methadone,  levomethadyl ) in the treatment of opioid dependence, the quantitative EEG experiments showed the efficiency of antagonistic and replacement activity of different dosing schedules. Dose finding trials of naloxone showed no specific CNS effect when administered alone but very effective antagonistic action in opioid dose and overdose.

20. USES Medicolegal application EEGs have been used as evidence in criminal trials in the Indian state of Maharashtra Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling (BEOS), an EEG technique, was used in the trial of State of Maharashtra to show Sharma remembered using arsenic to poisoning her ex-fiancé   Puranik , D.A., Joseph, S.K., Daundkar , B.B., Garad , M.V. (2009). Brain Signature profiling in India. Its status as an aid in investigation and as corroborative evidence – as seen from judgments. Proceedings of XX All India Forensic Science Conference, 815 – 822, November 15 – 17, Jaipur "

21. Automatic detection of sleep onset/drowsiness from the EEG. Reliable and robust detection and prediction of human drowsiness are of huge importance for reducing operator error and improving performance. 20% of road accidents involving serious injury are sleep related ,and these can potentially be avoided by detecting drowsiness and lapses of concentration and alerting the driver to these. Drowsiness detection devices -pilots, power plant monitoring personnel and military personnel. Colten , H. R., & Altevogt , B. M. (Eds.). (2006).Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. Washington, DC: National Academies Press

22. Brain–computer interfaces for Prosthetic control , Stroke rehabilitation Can substitute a motor, sensory or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease To capture electrical signals from the brain, scientists have developed  microelectrode arrays smaller than a square centimeter that can be implanted in the skull to record electrical activity, transducing recorded information through a thin cable. Nicolas-Alonso, L. F., & Gomez-Gil, J. (2012). Brain computer interfaces, a review.Sensors,12(2), 1211–1279

23. Combined with advances in temporary tattoo structures for conformal electronics, there are now demonstrations of EEG recordings lasting up to 2 week s at a time, a timeframe unthinkable a few years ago

24. Emotion tracking Workload monitoring are just the start There is significant scope present for much innovation in the coming years.

25. Future prospect is to move beyond simply monitoring the EEG and to making more use of it to enable real-time actuation and interventions. As with many current wearable sensors, the EEG measurement is presently a one-way street for data generation only.

26. Next-generation EEG will focus on enabling two-way streets that both sense and actuate. These will provide data-driven feedback that leads to the right treatment at the right time and could minimise the amount of treatment required and make it timelier and more effective.

27. Such closed-loop data responsive treatments are beginning to emerge Adaptive deep brain stimulation systems for Parkinson’s disease Closed-loop electrical stimulators for epilepsy GlaxoSmithKline recently making substantial investments in closed-loop non pharmacological electroceutical Little, S., Pogosyan , A., Neal, S., Zavala, B., Zrinzo , L., Hariz , M., Foltynie , T., Limousin , P.,Ashkan , K., FitzGerald, J., Green, A. L., Aziz, T. Z., & Brown, P. (2013). Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease.Annals of Neurology, 74(3), 449–457

28. Considerable attention to neuromarketing applications of the EEG as it potentially allows subconscious decision-making processes to be extracted , and this can be done in a portable way as a user moves around a shop. Many academic papers have shown that it is possible to extract correlates of emotion from the EEG band powers Koelstra , S., Muehl , C., Soleymani , M., Lee, J.-S., Yazdani , A., Ebrahimi , T., Pun, T.,Nijholt , A., & Patras , I. (2011). DEAP: A database for emotion analysis using physiological signals.IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 3(1), 18–31

29. REFERENCES https:// link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-35923-1_19,2017 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308369515 Trends in EEG -BCI for daily life Requirements,2018 Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice Rowan's Primer of EEG Uptodate.com

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