Effect of drugs Captagon on the Human.pptx

Effect of Captagon on the body

1. الاضرار الصحية للأمفيتامينات والكابتجون ( القضووم ) وتأثيراتها وتقديراتها في المنطقة العربية Prof Faisal Abdul Latif Alnasir MBBS, FPC, FRCGP, MICGP, PhD Professor of Family Medicine Representative of the Kingdom of Bahrain for Anti-Smoking International Alliance M ember and Advisor WONCA EMRO Temp Advisor WHO EMRO General Secretary, International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine Former Vice President Arabian Gulf University Former President Scientific Council for Family & Community Medicine The Arab board for Medical Specializations ملتقى حماية الدولي الثاني عشر لبحث قضايا المخدرات …… تحت شعار الدور الاقليمي والوطني للحد من المنشطات ( الامفيتامينات والكابتجون ) ” 26-28 سبتمبر 2016

2. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 2 يسميها البعض القضووم او "كبتي" وهو تصغير لاسمها أما المتفاخرون بها فيختارون اسم :"الطيب" ,"الأبيض” ,”الشبح“ ,“صرخة نداء“ و“الليموني“, أبو قوسين ، قضوم ، لجج. واستخدام الكنية مثل أبو ماجد، أبو عبد الله, الليموني ، النووي، الشبح، الألماني، الغبرة، البنفسجي، اللوزي, الأبيض, البرتقالة ، الفلوجة . والمستخدم يطلق علية: "معطيها”, " مقضم”, "ماسكة معه“ ”المحبب“, ” الملجلج“.

3. Captagon is in the family of drugs known as  amphetamines . These drugs are human-made but are chemically related to natural neurotransmitters like dopamine and epinephrine (aka adrenaline). 3 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

4. Captagon is brand name for the drug compound fenethylline hydrochloride . It is a combination of two drugs, theophylline and amphetamine . The combination itself is inactive, but when the body breaks it down into the two component parts, each part becomes active. It is not a new drug it was placed for first time in 1961 and used for around 25 years as a milder alternative to amphetamine and related compounds. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia 4 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

5. In the 1960s Captagon was prescribed to treat narcolepsy and depression, among other things. But by the 1980s the medical community had determined that Captagon’s addictive properties outweighed its clinical benefits. At that point it was banned in most countries . It does not have an accepted medical use in the United States and is not approved for distribution. 5 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

6. Although there are no FDA-approved indications for fenethylline, it was used in the treatment of hyperkinetic children (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and, less commonly, for narcolepsy (excessive sleep) and depression. 6 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

7. One of the main advantages of fenethylline was that it does not increase blood pressure to the same extent as an equivalent dose of amphetamine and so could be used in patients with cardiovascular conditions. Fenethylline was considered to have fewer side effects and less potential for abuse than amphetamine.  7 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

8. Nevertheless, fenethylline was listed in 1981 as a schedule I controlled drug in the USA, and it became illegal in most countries in 1986 after being listed by the World Health Organization for international scheduling. Fenetylline (CAPTAGON) is included in a list of compounds to be considered by a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee in April 1985 for possible international scheduling under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971.  Kristen et al 1986 Jun;17(2-3):259-71 . 8 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

9. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 9 Misuse of fenethylline started as early as the 1970s. World Drug Report 20 09    

10. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 10 It is manufactured locally in a cheap and simple process and it sells for between $5 and $20. http://www.havocscope.com/middle-east-captagon/ Previously it was sold in its original packaging as the package containing 20 tablets with price ranges from 100-150 riyals , but now it is sold in packs of 10 strips of total 100 tablets for SR 1800-2800. The average user of 20 tablets/day, with a minimum cost of SR 5,000 per month.

11. Captagon, a synthetic drug used particularly in Gulf countries; significant quantities of the substance have been circulating around Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria and other areas in the region for several years now. It is one of the most popular drugs of abuse among the young affluent populations of the Middle East. National Criminal Justice Reference Service NCJRS; 2003 11 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

12. Pharmacology: When a person takes Captagon, (Fenethylline), it breaks by metabolism to form two drugs, amphetamine (24.5% of oral dose) and theophylline (13.7% of oral dose) (a molecule that naturally occurs in small amounts in tea and that also has cardiac stimulating activity). Both of which are active stimulants. The physiological effects of fenethylline therefore result from a combination of these two compounds. 12 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

13. Statistics: 1 in 20 adults, or a quarter of a billion people aged 15- 64 years, used at least one drug in 2014. > 29 million drug user suffer from drug use disorders. 207400 drug-related deaths in 2014 (= 43.5 deaths per million) aged 15-64. Opioids, cocaine, amphetamines and cannabis lead to 12 million life years lost due to premature death or disability in 2013. The Global Burden of Disease Study , Executive summary - World Drug Report 2016 13 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

14. 14 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Executive summary - World Drug Report 2016

15. In KSA 65% of the psychiatric patients at Al- Amal hospitals are Captagon pill consumers. Majority of drug users in the KSA are 12-22 years of age, 40% of them rely on these tablets Abdul- Ilah Al-Sharif, the assistant director general of Drug Enforcement   JEDDAH: ARAB NEWS  |  Published —  Monday 20 May 2013 15 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

16. 16 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 World Drug Report 2012

17. According to the  United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) , the three countries reporting the highest Captagon seizures are Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria . 17 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

18. Drug Time report; The evolution of Captagon, 2016 18 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Trafficking

19. 19 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Drug Time report; The evolution of Captagon, 2016

20. 20 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

21. Production: Making Captagon takes “only basic knowledge of chemistry and a few scales”. 21 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

22. Fake Contents: Many fake drugs are present now because depletion of stocks of fenethylline. One   analysis of fake Captagon found no fenethylline hydrochloride (the true active ingredient). Instead investigators found amphetamine and caffeine as main ingredients in the fakes. 22 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

23. Why do people use it: Very wealthy young people in the Middle East due to emptiness of time   S tudents use it to stay awake when cramming for finals Women use it to lose weight 23 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

24. www.ncaa.org/governance/drug-usage-division-ii-student-athletes 24 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

25. Captagon Is used by Militants in to endure in battle. It is believed that it improves the performance of combatants, makes them resistant to fatigue and fear, and removes any form of empathy. In other words, the “ideal” drug to facilitate inhuman acts. 25 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

26. The autopsy of Seifeddine Rezgui who killed 39 people on Sousse beach, Tunisia revealed the presence of Captagon . During the Paris attacks on November 13,  those who managed to flee the scene  have since provided descriptions of the terrorists that could point to the use of Captagon. ww.konbini.com/en/lifestyle/effects-of- captagon -terrorists-drug , 2015 26 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

27. Effects: In small to moderate doses, it causes: increase heart rate, body temperature, respiration, and blood pressure. Over long-term, it leads to: extreme depression, lethargy, sleep deprivation, heart and blood vessel toxicity, and malnutrition.   National Criminal Justice Reference Service ; 2003 27 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

28. Effects: Amphetamine drugs stimulate the central nervous system, increasing alertness, boosting concentration and physical performance, and providing a feeling of well-being. Users described the intensity of a Captagon : “ I felt like I own the world” “Like I have power nobody has” “ A really nice feeling” “ There was no fear anymore after I took Captagon.” 28 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

29. 29 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

30. Side effect: An amphetamine overdose can lead to many different symptoms, but is rarely fatal with appropriate care. At low doses, the risk of harmful side effects is low. It's similar to consuming caffeine. But at higher doses it leads to: High doses of stimulants. People may not sleep or eat, leading to health problems Higher blood pressure Stroke ,Al- Ghadyan et al  2009 Fall-Winter;41(3-4):199-202 . 30 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

31. Side effect: Psychosis violence   Illusion of Superhuman strength In few Development of an acute myocardial infarction A study showed Fenethylline  as a possible etiology for retinal vein occlusion . ,Al- Ghadyan et al 2009 Fall-Winter;41(3-4):199-202 . 31 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016

32. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 32

33. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 33 Amphetamine Side Effects: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation; Weight loss Dry mouth, unusual or unpleasant taste in the mouth Runny nose, nose-bleeds Headache, dizziness Itching Impotence, sexual problems Chest pain, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out Confusion, unusual thoughts, paranoia, hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real) Mood changes, feeling restless or nervous, sleep problems (insomnia); New behavior problems, aggression, anger, feeling irritable; Numbness, pain, cold feeling, unexplained wounds, or skin color changes (pale, red, or blue appearance) in fingers or toes Changes in your vision Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness (especially if you also have fever, unusual tiredness, and dark colored urine). Can affect growth in children.

34. Executive summary - World Drug Report 2016 34 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Prevention:

35. 35 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Importings :

36. 36 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 ان انعدام القيم والأخلاق يؤديان الى انعدام الدين عندئذ يتصرف الانسان دون حسيب وتتوقع منه الغير متوقع

37. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 37 شكرا لإصغائكم

38. Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 38

39. 39 Faisal Alnasir, Effect of Captagon. 2016 Each pill of the fake Captagon tablets contain of lead, acid, contraception and mercury, a structure that can cause damage to brain cells among abusers.  Abdelelah Mohammed Al-Sharif, secretary general of the National Committee for Narcotics Control