: Effective Treatment of Biodegradable Waste: A Path Towards Sustainability

This presentation explores the importance of biodegradable waste treatment and the methods used to manage organic waste effectively. Biodegradable waste includes materials like food scraps, garden waste, and other organic matter that can decompose naturally. Proper treatment of this waste is essential for reducing environmental pollution, producing valuable by-products such as compost and biogas, and minimizing landfill use.

1. K Tejasree A study on the treatment on biodegradable waste

2. What is biodegradable waste? 01

3. What is biodegradable waste? 01

4. A biodegradable material can be defined as a material that can be decomposed by bacteria or other natural organisms and not be added to pollution. Biodegradable wastes are waste materials that are and can be degraded by natural factors like microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and a few more), and abiotic elements like temperature, UV, oxygen, etc. Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen waste, and other natural wastes

5. A biodegradable material can be defined as a material that can be decomposed by bacteria or other natural organisms and not be added to pollution. Biodegradable wastes are waste materials that are and can be degraded by natural factors like microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and a few more), and abiotic elements like temperature, UV, oxygen, etc. Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen waste, and other natural wastes. Therefore, the environmental issues and risks caused by biodegradable wastes are low. definition

6. A biodegradable material can be defined as a material that can be decomposed by bacteria or other natural organisms and not be added to pollution. Biodegradable wastes are waste materials that are and can be degraded by natural factors like microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and a few more), and abiotic elements like temperature, UV, oxygen, etc. Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen waste, and other natural wastes Microorganisms and other abiotic factors together break down complex substances into simpler organic matter, which eventually suspend and fade into the soil. The whole process is natural, which can be rapid or slow. Therefore, the environmental issues and risks caused by biodegradable wastes are low. Biodegradable waste management is a perfect solution for a sustainable earth. This type of  waste management  is based on the idea that organic materials can be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms into harmless products, such as water and carbon dioxide. This process is known as composting, and it’s an important part of sustainable waste management because it helps to reduce the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills.

7. Common types of biodegradable waste Food waste Garden waste Paper waste Grass clippings, leaves, and flowers fall under this category. They are typically high in nitrogen and excellent for composting. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. Leftover food, vegetable peels, and fruit scraps are classic examples of biodegradable waste. They decompose quickly and can be turned into compost. 01 02 03

8. Common types of biodegradable waste Food waste Garden waste Paper waste Grass clippings, leaves, and flowers fall under this category. They are typically high in nitrogen and excellent for composting. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. Leftover food, vegetable peels, and fruit scraps are classic examples of biodegradable waste. They decompose quickly and can be turned into compost. 01 02 03

9. Common types of biodegradable waste Food waste Garden waste Paper waste Grass clippings, leaves, and flowers fall under this category. They are typically high in nitrogen and excellent for composting. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. Leftover food, vegetable peels, and fruit scraps are classic examples of biodegradable waste. They decompose quickly and can be turned into compost. 01 02 03

10. Common types of biodegradable waste Food waste Garden waste Paper waste Grass clippings, leaves, and flowers fall under this category. They are typically high in nitrogen and excellent for composting. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. Leftover food, vegetable peels, and fruit scraps are classic examples of biodegradable waste. They decompose quickly and can be turned into compost. 01 02 03

11. 05 Common types of biodegradable waste Human and animal waste Wood waste Paper waste Wood chips and saw dust are biodegradable, although they decompose slower than other types. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. A more sensitive subject, but a significant biodegradable waste type. It is often used in biogas production. 01 02 03 04

12. 05 Common types of biodegradable waste Human and animal waste Wood waste Paper waste Wood chips and saw dust are biodegradable, although they decompose slower than other types. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. A more sensitive subject, but a significant biodegradable waste type. It is often used in biogas production. 01 02 03 04

13. 05 Common types of biodegradable waste Human and animal waste Wood waste Paper waste Wood chips and saw dust are biodegradable, although they decompose slower than other types. Paper, though a common waste product, is biodegradable. However, it’s important to note that treated paper may take longer to decompose. A more sensitive subject, but a significant biodegradable waste type. It is often used in biogas production. 01 02 03 04

14. Treatment methods for biodegradable waste Composting Breaks down organic matter into nutrient-rich compost that can be used to enrich soil. Composting is more suitable for fibrous materials.  Vermicomposting Worms break up the biodegradable waste, which speeds up decomposition and stabilization. Vermicomposting is a cost-effective and rapid technique.  Anaerobic digestion A widely used method that reduces the volume and mass of biodegradable waste and wastewater sludge. Anaerobic digestion also reduces landfill gas emissions. It's more suitable for wet wastes and sludges that degrade easily. 

15. Treatment methods for biodegradable waste Biogas generation Produces fuel while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of waste Biodegradation A biological process where bacteria digest dead organic matter and convert it to microbial energy and biological mass. 

16. Successful waste treatment process hebbal Lake in Mysuru, once a key source of drinking water, became polluted due to urbanization and untreated sewage. Infosys has teamed up with local authorities to restore a lake, focusing on several key activities. They are removing silt, enhancing the lake's appearance, and building a state-of-the-art Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) that will treat 8 million liters of sewage each day. This initiative is designed to serve as a model for similar lake restoration projects throughout India.

17. Successful waste treatment process Apollo Tyres has started two programs called Clean My Village (CMV) and Clean My Transport Nagar (CMTN). These programs aim to help manage waste better in villages and transport areas. They focus on collecting waste, sorting it, and composting it. Additionally, Apollo Tyres built five playgrounds using old tyres , called End-of-Life Tyres (ELT), to encourage recycling. They used 290 waste tyres to make these playgrounds, which provides a better option than throwing tyres away. These playgrounds are now used by over 500 people, showing a new way to handle tyre waste.

18. Regulations Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 Composting policy initiative Environment protection act 1986

19. Solid waste management 2016 Introduction it outlines specific roles and duties assigned to Ministry of Urban Development Department of fertilizers Ministries of agriculture Local authorities Regulatory framework and best practices Land Allocation for Treatment Facilities Authorization and Safe Operations Annual Reporting Waste Management in Hilly Areas Waste-to-Energy Processes Provisions updated Segregation at source Waste processing and treatment Promotion of composing Waste to Energy

20. Segregation at source Segregating biodegradable waste from other types is crucial for efficient treatment. Waste generators are required to separate waste into biodegradable, dry, and hazardous categories. This ensures that biodegradable waste can be composted or treated through methods like bio-methanation. Waste processing and treatment The regulations emphasize that biodegradable waste should be processed using composting or bio-methanation. Local authorities and developers are encouraged to set aside land for recovery and recycling facilities. This is vital for managing biodegradable waste sustainably. Promotion of composting The rules promote composting by providing support for the production and use of compost in agriculture. This aligns with the treatment of biodegradable waste, turning it into a useful product for improving soil health. Though not as directly connected to biodegradability, the promotion of waste-to-energy plants for non-biodegradable waste is included in the overall solid waste management framework. Biodegradable waste can be excluded from such processes in favour of composting. Waste to Energy

21. composting policy initiative In his Independence Day speech on August 15, 2014, the Prime Minister highlighted the importance of cleanliness in Indian cities and villages. The processing of city waste into compost supports the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission). Compost enriches soil by adding organic matter and essential nutrients, improving crop yields sustainably. By composting waste, we can reduce the amount sent to landfills, minimizing harmful greenhouse gases like methane and protecting groundwater from pollution. Initially, fertilizer companies marketed this compost, but new guidelines now allow compost producers to sell directly to farmers at affordable prices. A committee has been set up to ensure coordination among various departments, and efforts are underway in 12 states to promote the use of City Compost. Additionally, a Direct Benefit Transfer scheme was introduced to further support fertilizer companies selling City Compost.

22. Environment Protection Act 1986 India’s original Constitution did not contain any provision for the protection of the natural environment. However, the fundamental duties, which were added by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, prescribed the protection of the environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife as a duty of the citizens of the country.

23. Environment Protection Act 1986 some of the important provisions covered are Waste Segregation : Effective treatment of biodegradable waste begins with proper segregation at the source. By separating biodegradable materials from non-biodegradable waste, it becomes easier to manage and process organic waste through composting or anaerobic digestion. Composting Benefits : Composting is a sustainable method for treating biodegradable waste. It transforms organic materials into nutrient-rich compost, which can improve soil health, reduce landfill waste, and minimize greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste decomposition. Policy Support : Various government initiatives, such as the "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan," promote the importance of composting and the proper treatment of biodegradable waste. Policies are designed to encourage local governments and communities to implement waste management strategies that include composting facilities. Technological Innovations : Advances in technology, such as bio-methanation and aerobic composting techniques , are enhancing the efficiency of biodegradable waste treatment. These methods not only treat waste effectively but also produce energy and valuable compost by-products.

24. Infrastructure Inadequate infrastructure and facilities for waste collection, and handling limit the scalability and efficiency of biodegradable waste management systems. contamination Improper segregation and contamination of biodegradable waste with non-biodegradable materials can hinder the composting process and reduce the quality of recycled products. A wareness and education Lack of public awareness and education about the importance of separating organic waste and participating in recycling programs can hinder the participation of the citizens in the walk towards sustainability. Challenges in biodegradable waste treatment

25. C onclusion

26. Thanks!