EG UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS.ppt

VERY USEFUL

1. GE 8152 -ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Dr.R.Ganesamoorthy.
Professor / Mechanical Engineering.
Chennai Institute of Technology.
GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

2. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Anobjecthavingthreedimensions,i.e.,length,breadthandheightiscalledassolid.
Inorthographicprojection,minimumsoftwoviewsarenecessarytorepresentasolid.
Frontviewisusedtorepresentlengthandheightandthetopviewisusedto
representlengthandbreadth.
Sometimestheabovetwoviewsarenotsufficienttorepresentthedetails.Soathird
viewcalledassidevieweitherfromleftorfromrightisnecessary.
What is Projection of Solids:

3. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Objectives
Attheendofthissession,youwillbeableto
Classifythedifferenttypesofsolids
Drawtheprojectionsofsolidsinvariouspositionsinthegivenquadrant
ClassificationofSolids
Solidsareclassifiedintotwogroups.
Theyare
1.Polyhedra 2.SolidsofRevolution
Projection of solids-Objectives:

4. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Family of solids:
There are 10 important regular solid shapes in context with engineering
drawing subjects
We will divide them in two groups A&B

5. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
A.Polyhedra-Asolid,whichisboundedbyplanesurfacesorfaces,is
calledapolyhedron,whichmeetinstraightlinescallededges
Polyhedraareclassifiedintothreesubgroups,theseare
1.Regular Polyhedra -The regular plane surfaces are called "Faces" and
the lines connecting adjacent faces are called "edges".
Example:Tetrahedran,Hexahedran , Octahedran.
Projection of solids-Classification:

6. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
2.Prisms-Aprismhastwoequalandsimilarendfacescalledthetop
faceandthebottomfaceor(base)joinedbytheotherfaces,whichmay
berectanglesorparallelograms.
Projection of solids-Classification:

7. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
3.Pyramids-Apyramidhasaplanefigureasatitsbaseandanequal
numberofisoscelestriangularfacesthatmeetatacommonpointcalled
the"vertex"or"apex".Thelinejoiningtheapexandacornerofitsbase
iscalledtheslantedge.
Projection of solids-Classification:

8. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
II.SolidofRevolution-Ifaplanesurfaceisrevolvedaboutoneofitsedges,
thesolidgeneratediscalledaSolidofRevolution
1.Cylinder ,
2.Cone,
3.Sphere
Projection of solids-Classification:

9. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
1.Cylinder-Arightcircularcylinderisasolidgeneratedbytherevolution
ofarectangularsurfaceaboutoneofitssides,whichremainsfixed.Ithas
twocircularfaces.Thelinejoiningthecentresofthetopandthebottom
facesiscalled“Axis”.
Projection of solids-Classification:

10. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
2.Cone-Aconecanbegeneratedbytherevolutionofaright-angled
triangleaboutoneofitsperpendicularsides,whichremainsfixed.
Aconehasacircularbaseandanapex.Thelinejoiningapexandthe
centreofthebaseiscalledthe“Axis”ofthecone.
Projection of solids-Classification:

11. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
3.Sphere-Aspherecanbegeneratedbytherevolutionofasemi-circle
aboutitsdiameterthatremainsfixed.
Projection of solids-Classification:

12. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
FRUSTUMSANDTRUNCATEDSOLIDS
Whenasolidiscutbyaplaneparalleltoitsbase,thusremovingthetop
portion,theremaininglowerportioniscalledfrustum.Whenasolidiscut
byaplaneinclinedtoitsbase,thusremovingthetopcutportion,the
remaininglowerportionofthesolidiscalledtruncated.
Projection of solids-Classification:

13. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Projection of solids-Classification:

14. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Projection of solids-Classification:

15. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Orientation of Planes in Space:
The following position of Planes inspace
Axis Parallel to VP and Perpendicular toHP
Axis Perpendicular to VP and Parallel toHP
Axis Parallel to both VP&HP or both PerpendicularVP&HP
Axis Perpendicular to VP and Inclined toHP
Axis Inclined to VP and Perpendicular toHP
Axis Inclined to both VP andHP

16. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Notations of object in solids :
Following notations should be followed while naming different views
projections ofsolids.
Object Point
It’s top viewa, b,c ,…
It’s front viewa’ , b’,c’,…
It’s side viewa’’, b’’, c’’,…

17. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
1.Axis perpendicular to HP & parallel toVP

18. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
2.Axis perpendicular to VP & parallel toHP

19. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
3.Axis parallel to both VP and HP

20. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
4. Axis inclined to HP & Perpendicular VP

21. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
5. Axis inclined to VP& Perpendicular HP

22. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position in Projection of Solids:
6. Axis inclined to both VP and HP

23. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Positions of solids with respect to reference plane:
S.NoPositions of solids Step -1 Step -2 Step -3
1Axisofthesolidperpendicular
toHPandparalleltoVP
Draw plan first Draw elevation
next
--
2Axisofthesolidperpendicular
toVPandparalleltoHP
Draw elevation FirstDraw plan next---
3Axis parallel to both VP & HPSide view Elevation Plan
4Axis of the solid inclined to VP
and parallel to HP
Draw elevation axis
perpendicular to VP
Tilt the planGet final
elevation
5Axis of the solid inclined to HP
and parallel to VP
Draw plan axis
perpendicular to HP
Tilt the elevationGet final
elevation
6Axis of the solid inclined
to both HP and VP
Draw plan , edge
perpendicular to VP
Tilt the elevation
get plan
Tilt the plan
get elevation

24. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Axis of solid perpendicular to VP & parallel to HP:
(i): Base edge parallel to HP (ii): Base edge perpendicular to HP
(iii): Base edge inclined to HP(iv) : Base edges equally inclined to HP

25. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Axis of the solid perpendicular to HP & parallel to VP:
(i) : Base edge parallel to VP (ii) : Base edge perpendicular to VP
(iii): Base edge inclined to VP(iv): Base edges equally inclined to VP

26. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Position of solids:

27. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis is perpendicular to HP and parallel toVP
1.Drawtheprojectionsofarightcircularcone
ofthebase35mmdiameterandheight55
mmwhenrestingwithitsbaseontheHP.

28. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis is perpendicular to HP and parallel toVP
2.Drawtheprojectionofrightcircular
cylinderofbasediameter35mmandaxis
55mmwhenitrestsonitsbase.

29. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis is perpendicular to HP and parallel toVP
3.A hexagonal prism of side 25 mm and
height 55 mm is resting on its base on the
HP with one rectangular face is parallel to
VP. Draw its projections.

30. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis is perpendicular to HP and parallel toVP
4.Apentagonalpyramidofbaseside25
mmandaxis55mmrestsontheHPwith
acornerofthebase,suchthatoneofthe
baseedgecontainingthecornermakes
45
0withtheHP.drawtheprojectionswhen
theaxisperpendiculartotheVPandthe
baseistouchingtheVP.

31. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to both VP and HP
5.Apentagonalpyramidofbaseside25
mmandheight55mmisrestingonthe
groundononeofitsbaseedgeswiththe
axisparalleltobothHPandVP.Drawthe
projections.

32. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to both VP and HP
6.Aconeofbasediameter35mmandaxis
length55mmisrestingontheHPona
pointonthecircumferenceofthebase.
Drawitsprojectionswhenthebaseis
perpendiculartobothHPandVP.

33. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP and inclined to HP
7.Ahexagonalprismofbaseside25mm
andaxisheight55mmrestingonHPwith
oneofitsbaseedges,suchthattheaxisis
inclinedat30
0totheHPandparalleltoVP.
Drawtheprojectionsoftheprism.

34. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP and inclined to HP
8.Apentagonalpyramidofbaseside25
mmandaxis55mmlonglieswithoneof
itsslantedgesonHPsuchthatitsaxisis
paralleltoVP.Drawitsprojections.

35. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP and inclined to HP
9.Aconeofdiameter40mmandaxis
height60mmisfreelysuspendedfromone
ofitsbasepoints,suchthattheaxisis
paralleltoVP.Drawtheprojections.

36. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP and inclined to HP
10.Acylinderofdiameter35mmandaxis
height55mmisrestingonthegroundon
itsbase.Itisthentiltedsuchthatitsaxis
makesanangleofat40
0withHP.Drawits
projections.

37. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
11.Drawtheprojectionsofacylinderof
diameter35mmandaxis55mmlongis
restingonHPononeofitsgeneratorswith
itsaxisinclinedat50
0toVP.Drawits
projections

38. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
12.Asquareprismofbaseside25mmand
axislength50mmliesonHPononeits
longeredgeswithitsfacesequallyinclined
totheHP.Drawitsprojectionswhenitsaxis
isinclinedat50
0totheVP

39. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
13.Apentagonalpyramidofbaseside25
mmandaxislength55mmrestingonVP
ononeofitsrectangularfaceswithitsaxis
inclinedto50
0toHP.Drawitsprojections.

40. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
14.Aconeofbase40mmdiameterandaxis
50mmlongtouchestheVPonapointof
itsbasecircle.Itsaxisisinclinedat30
0to
theVPandparalleltoHP.Drawits
projections.

41. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
15.Drawtheprojectionofpentagonalprism
30mmsideofbaseand70mmlonglying
ononeofitslongeredgesonHPwithone
ofrectangularfacesperpendicularto
HPsuchthattheaxismakes60
0withVP.

42. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
16.Drawtheprojectionsofasquare
pyramidof32mmsideofbaseandaxis55
mm.ItisrestingonHPononeofitsbase
cornerswithabasesidecontainingthe
cornersmaking30
0withHP.Theaxisis
inclinedat30
0toVPandisparalleltoHP.
ThevertexisawayfromtheVP.

43. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP and inclined to VP
17.Atetrahedronofedges35mmrestson
oneofitsedgesontheVP.Theresting
edgeisperpendiculartoHPandoneofthe
triangularfacescontainingtherestingis
inclinedat30
0totheVP.Drawits
projections.

44. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP & perpendicular HP
1-Axis inclined at 30
0
to HP and parallel to VP.
2-Base inclined at 50
0
to HP.
3 -Rectangular face containing the resting edge makes an angle of 40
0
.

45. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP & perpendicular HP
1 -Axis inclined at 45
0
to HP and parallel to VP. 2-Base inclined at 50
0
to HP.
3 –Generator inclined at 40
0
to HP. 4 -Solid diagonal vertical.

46. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to VP & perpendicular HP
1.Axis inclined at 40
0
to HP and parallel toVP. 2. Base inclined at 50
0
toHP.
3.Generator inclined at 40
0
toHP. 4. Point diametrically opposite to the resting point
is being lifted to height of30mm fromHP.
5.Apex is being lifted to height of 40 mm fromHP. 6. Resting or lying on HP with one of itsgenerators.
7.Generator perpendicular to HP and parallel toVP. 8. Freely suspended from a basepoint.

47. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
Problems in Projection of Solids : Axis parallel to HP & perpendicularVP
1.Axis inclined at 40
0
to HP and parallel toVP. 2. Base inclined at 50
0
toHP.
3. Triangular face containing the resting edge makes an angle at 40
0
toVP.
4. Base edge and the corner opposite to the resting edge is being lifted to aheight of 30 mm fromVP.
5.Apex is being lifted to height of 40 mm fromHP. 6.A triangular face perpendicular to VP andHP.
7. Lying on the wall with one of its triangularface.

48. GE8152-ENGINEERING GRAPHICS UNIT-III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS