EIU_SmartLighting_ Lecture2_M5.1_Introduction_to_Smart_Lighting.pptx

SmartLighting_ Lecture2_M5.1_Introduction_to_Smart_Lighting

1. Smart Lighting Lecture 2. Introduction smart lighting EIU

2. Technological developments Internet of Things What is smart lighting How does a smart lighting system work? Why to apply smart lighting? The practical role The esthetic role The energy management role Types of lighting control Position of smart lighting in the building design process Applications Lecture overview 2

3. Technological developments 3 Flying machine (1488) Clock (1386) Steam engine (1763) Light bulbs (1880) Iron bridge (1781) Assembly line (1913)

4. Technological developments 4

5. Technological developments 5

6. Internet of Things 6

7. Internet of Things (IoT) definition A network that connects uniquely identifiable ‘ things ’ to the internet . The ‘things’ have sensing/actuation and potential programmability capabilities. Through the exploitation of unique identification and sensing, information about the ‘thing’ can be collected, and the state of the ‘thing’ can be changed from anywhere, anytime, by anything. Internet of Things 7

8. Why to apply IoT? Health and wellbeing Food security and sustainable agriculture Secure, clear and efficient energy Smart, green and integrated transport Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies Secure societies Internet of Things 8 Source: Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, Giacomo Morabito, Understanding the Internet of Things: definition, potentials, and societal role of a fast evolving paradigm, Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 56, 2017, Pages 122-140

9. Why to apply IoT? Health and wellbeing Monitoring health and quality of life of people Technological developments 9

10. Why to apply IoT? Food security and sustainable agriculture Smart farming Internet of Things 10

11. Why to apply IoT? Secure, clear and efficient energy Smart grids Internet of Things 11

12. Why to apply IoT? Smart, green and integrated transport Management of logistics issues Internet of Things 12

13. Why to apply IoT? Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials Smart management of energy consumption in smart cities Internet of Things 13

14. Why to apply IoT? Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies Provide the opportunities to create new applications and businesses in an easy way to everybody Internet of Things 14

15. Why to apply IoT? Secure societies Automatic detection of malicious behaviors Internet of Things 15

16. What is smart lighting? 16

17. What is smart lighting? 17 SMART LIGHTING Development of lighting Source: Aníbal De Almeida, Bruno Santos, Bertoldi Paolo, Michel Quicheron, Solid state lighting review – Potential and challenges in Europe, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 34, 2014, Pages 30-48

18. What is smart lighting? 18 Source: Khanna VK. Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting. CRC Press; 2014.

19. Smart lighting is lighting that you can control from an app, usually on your Apple or Android phone. Source: http://techradar.com  Smart lighting is a system initially designed to increase energy efficiency by adapting light intensity according to various parameters (natural light, occupancy, etc.). Source: http://smartlightingalliance.org/ What is smart lighting? 19

20. Connected smart lighting refers to lighting installations in which the luminaires , with integrated sensors , are interconnected in a wired or wireless network to both control and monitor the lighting. Microcontrollers and many sensors (light, occupancy, temperature, humidity, noise) are small enough to be incorporated in a luminaire . The luminaire becomes both a source of light and information. What is smart lighting? 20

21. How does a smart lighting system work? 21

22. Why to apply smart lighting? 22 Human Comfort Work performance Health Alertness Mood … Energy   Occupancy Daylight Color …

23. Practical role Esthetic role Energetic role Why to apply smart lighting? 23

24. Quality of light can be improved by: diffusing the light, eliminating glare, making attractive luminaires. Why to apply smart lighting? | Practical role 24

25. Light is being used in variable circumstances The contribution of daylight The activity in the illuminated area may change The activity may itself require variable lighting conditions Why to apply smart lighting? | Practical role 25 Show Finding your seat Show Conference

26. Multifunctional or dynamic (daylit) environments  lighting control needed Switching the lamps may shorten the lamp life s Sudden changes in level could cause an accident Lighting control via s witched steps or on a continuously variable basis may well be determined by esthetic and cost of ownership issues In practical applications , the lighting control design must be as simple as possible. To ensure that the practical system does not fail to perform because it is too complex for the user Why to apply smart lighting? | Practical role 26

27. Users may customize their own light settings for U ser satisfaction R educing energy wastage Why to apply smart lighting? | Esthetic role 27

28. Integration of sensors and new functions into lighting systems, will allow the occupants of a room to adjust lighting according to their needs and desires. It will enable the direction, power, and color of lighting to be adjusted automatically . Why to apply smart lighting? | Esthetic role 28

29. C hanging the lights causes a p leasing effect It a llows balancing different light sources to ensure that the overall result is pleasing This balance can be saved as a specific lighting scene Convenient is the needs and/or desires change for different users, tasks, times of the day Instead of starting with the tools and technology and working towards a result, the good designer starts with the result and adapts the tools to realize it Why to apply smart lighting? | Esthetic role 29

30. In commercial buildings, lighting constitutes generally 20–45% of electricity demand [1] Operation of lighting system: 80-90% of the costs [2] Installation: 15% of the costs [2] As electric light sources have become more energy efficient, lighting control has become the primary means to achieve additional energy savings Why to apply smart lighting? | Energetic role 30 [1] Statens energimyndigheten, Förbättrad energistatistik för lokaler – “Stegvis STIL” Rapport år 1: Inventeringar av kontor och förvaltningsbyggnader, 2006, ISSN 1403-1892. [2] R. Svensson (Ed.), Ljus och rum: Planeringsguide för belysning inomhus, Andra utgåvan, Ljuskultur, Stockholm (Sweden), 2010, ISBN 91-631-4675-4.

31. Smart lighting can save up to 80% of energy compared to traditional lighting in homes, public buildings, and offices. Applying smart lighting is more efficient than instructing people and forcing them to switch lights on/o ff . Why to apply smart lighting? | Energetic role 31

32. It is important to perform the payback calculations Some important points to check are : In many installations the choice of light source is the biggest factor in energy consumption. The light output of some light sources varies during their life (due to maintenance/cleaning cycles) . Not all sources are practical for continuously variable control. It is always necessary to analyze the scope for energy saving by lighting control within an area.   Never forget the “user”; fully automatic systems which operate without reference to the people in the working area are not a success. New products and new technologies are increasing the opportunity to save energy by lighting control. Why to apply smart lighting? | Energetic role 32

33. The practical, esthetic, and energetic role of lighting control result into many types of lighting control Manual control (personal control) Time scheduling Daylight harvesting Occupancy control Constant light control Dynamic light scenarios Daylight glare control Scene setting Tuning Load shedding Types of lighting control 33

34. The design team chooses one of the two pathways: Position of smart lighting in the building design process 34 Prescriptive path Performance path Individual regulatory requirements Electric lighting HVAC Envelope … Holistic design approach Electric lighting HVAC Envelope …

35. Lighting design, the design of lighting schemes as opposed to the design of luminaires, is a mixture of engineering and inspiration . It is possible to design a lighting scheme entirely on engineering and photometric principles, and it is necessary to design them, so they meet electrical, environmental and safety codes . However, lighting design without insight and flair results in dull schemes which may not even meet their purpose if there is an unusual combination of surfaces and colors . Position of smart lighting in the building design process 35

36. Lighting design as a separate profession All new buildings and building conversions that achieve popular and user acclaim seem to have a lighting designer associated with them as a member of the architect’s team. T hese buildings’ success derives from the fact that lighting is considered important right from the start . Today’s lighting designers understand the role of lighting control and are especially careful to specify systems that are practical and intuitive for the end user . Position of smart lighting in the building design process 36

37. The building design process Position of smart lighting in the building design process 37

38. The lighting designer develops a program for the lighting controls. These factors define the control system: system requirements related to codes,  daylighting,  space tasks and functions,  performance features,  control flexibility,  energy management,  systems integration. Position of smart lighting in the building design process 38 Programming

39. Th e lighting conditions may be programmed in the computer, and upon receipt of signals from the sensors, the actuators must respond, bringing about the estimated alterations. Smart lighting is a technology operating through a computer-controlled, wireless sensor network to meet the programmed lighting demands of a building. Frequent recalibration of lighting controls and emergency systems is necessary to ensure the system is working as planned. Position of smart lighting in the building design process 39 Programming

40. The lighting control system operation is outlined for the proposed lighting scheme. Position of smart lighting in the building design process 40 Schematic design

41. This involves the selection, analysis and layout of all lighting hardware, including the control system. The selected control hardware must be properly identified and specified in the contract documents. Position of smart lighting in the building design process 41 Design development

42. To ensure proper system operation, it is critical that lighting control systems are properly commissioned. Commissioning includes validating that systems have been installed as described in the contract documents; Preset devices, such as scene controllers, are programmed with appropriate settings for the desired lighting scenes; Occupancy sensors and photosensor-based systems are calibrated and tested to ensure proper operation within each space. Position of smart lighting in the building design process 42 Commissioning

43. Smart urban lighting Energy and comfort Appreciation and energy Alertness Work performance Applications 43

44. Applications | Smart urban lighting 44

45. “For all office cases, individual lighting control resulted in significant relative energy savings potential of 25–30% over manual control.” De Bakker, 2019 “We identified two conditions as most promising in achieving both energy savings and positive user evaluations of the lighting, in which for both the dimming level was at minimum in the background area of the office space.” De Bakker, 2019 Applications | Energy and comfort 45

46. “In this study, it was shown that consensus control improved user appreciation of office lighting in an open office, measured by improved satisfaction.” Van der Vleuten-Chraibi, 2019 “In the condition with light controls, the average preferred illuminance values were shown to be lower than the fixed 500 lx work plane lighting, resulting in 27.2% lower energy usage by lighting in the testbed of this study.” Van der Vleuten-Chraibi, 2019 Applications | Appreciation and energy 46

47. “Personal lighting conditions can provide essential information to draw more in-depth conclusions within a light effect study.” Van Duijnhoven, 2019 “The study demonstrated that duration of light exposure may be relevant in this relationship since the dose-response curves (between light and alertness) showed better trends for longer durations of light exposure.” Van Duijnhoven, 2019 Applications | Alertness 47

48. “When considering the process of medication dispensing dealing with sometimes very small letter sizes, appropriate lighting might contribute to lowering the error rate.” Aarts, 2020 “The light condition that generates the least errors for the total test population, all font sizes, and all different materials was 1000lx and 4000K. This was also the light condition the participants preferred the most.” Aarts, 2020 Applications | Work performance 48

49. Questions?