Electric Charges and Fields for12th.pptx

electric charge and fields used in the current world

1. Electric Charges and Fields 1 Presentation by Your Name

2. Understanding Electric Charges 2 Electric charges are fundamental properties of matter. They can be positive or negative, with like charges repelling each other and opposite charges attracting. The unit of charge is the Coulomb, denoted as 'C'. Electric Charges Concept Types of Charges Basic Properties There are two types of charges: positive and negative. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Neutrons are neutral, carrying no charge. Electric charges exhibit properties such as conservation, quantization, and the notion that charged objects interact via electric forces. Conservation of charge states that charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

3. Electric Fields 3 Electric fields describe the influence of electric forces on surrounding objects. Field lines show the direction a positive test charge would move. The field is stronger where the lines are closer together. Defining Electric Fields

4. Coulomb's Law 4 Coulomb's Law quantifies the electrostatic force between two charged objects. The equation states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Introduction to Coulomb's Law Significance of Coulomb's Law Coulomb's Law plays a fundamental role in understanding electricity and magnetism. It governs interactions between charged particles and helps predict behaviors in various systems, from atoms to large-scale electrostatics.

5. 5 Electric Field Intensity vs. Distance 80% 20% Electric Field Intensity The electric field intensity decreases as distance from the charge increases. This relationship follows an inverse square law, where intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Distance from Charge As the distance from a charge increases, the electric field strength diminishes. This decrease in intensity with distance illustrates how field effects weaken with increasing separation.

6. Electric Field and Conductors 6 Interaction with Conductors Electric fields interact differently with conductors compared to insulators. Conductors allow charges to move freely, redistributing them to reach electrostatic equilibrium. Concept of Shielding Electrostatic shielding is the process of using conductive materials to block electric fields. This practice is common in electronics to prevent interference and protect sensitive components from external charges.

7. Application Description Lightning Natural phenomenon involving the discharge of massive electric potential between charged clouds or between clouds and the ground. Van de Graaff Generator Device that creates high voltage by accumulating electric charges on a metal sphere. Used in nuclear physics research and particle accelerators. Applications of Electric Charges and Fields 7