Electric organ in Torpedo

Electric organ in Torpedo

1. School of Applied Science, CUTM, BBSR
Presented by-IPSITA SAHOO
Reg. no-200705180160
Supervised by-
Dr. YashaswiNayak
Electric organ in Torpedo

2. Torpedo; Classification, Geographical Distribution
General characteristics of torpedo
Special features of torpedo
Why are fishes immune to their own electric current ?
Functions of electric organ
references
CONTENTS

3. Torpedo
HABITANDHABITAT
TorpedoorAstrapeisamarinecarnivorous
fish,foundonflat.sandyormaddybottomat
adepthof80-100meters.Itiscarnivorous
andviviparousproducingyoungova.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Torpedohasbeenreportedfromthe
Mediterranean,AtlanticandIndianOceans,
RedSea,PacificOcean.EastIndies,
Tasmania,China,Japan,SouthAfrica,North
andSouthAmericaaswellasAustralia.
Torpedoisagenusofrays,commonlyknownaselectricrays,torpedorays,ortorpedoes.Theyare
slow-movingbottom-dwellerscapableofgeneratingelectricityasadefenseandfeedingmechanism.

4. CommonlyknownasElectricraybecauseofthepresence
ofapairofelectricorgans,oneeithersideofthebody
betweenheadandthepectoralfins.
Bodyisdividedintoanteriorsemicirculardisksupported
byendoskeletonandposteriortailFishmeasures60to90cm
acrossthewidestpartofthediskandthewholebodyhas
brownbackgroundwhichisornamentedwithbeautiful
irregularlyshaped,magenta-colouredspiralsandspots.
Semicircularregionissupportedbybranchedprenasal
rostrumandlaterallybybranchedpre-orbitalcartilages.
Branchesradiatetowardsperiphery.
Diskisborderedbypectoralfins.
Skinsmooth,non-tuberculateandwithoutscales.
Mouthistransverseandventrallysituated.
Tailisthickandshortwith1dorsalfin,2nddorsalfinand
caudalfin.Pelvicfinsarebeneaththelowermarginofthe
pectoralfin.
General characteristics of torpedo : ELECTRIC RAY
Image source-https://www.faunafondness.com/torpedo-electric-ray/

5. Torpedocontainsapairoflargeelectric
organsbetweenmarginsofpectoralfinsand
head.Theseorgansareconsideredas
modificationsoftheadductormandibulateand
constrictormusclesandsuppliedbyvagusand
trigeminalnervesfromvagusandtrigeminal
nervesfromelectriclobeofthemedulla.
Eachelectricorganiscomposedof
hexagonalcellscalledelectroplexeswhichare
filledwithjelly-likefluidandarranged
verticallylikeprismsbetweenupperandlower
surfaces.Uppersurfacecorrespondstoanode
andlowersurfacewiththecathode.Thus,
electriccurrentof50to60voltspassesfrom
upperpositivetolowernegativesurface.After
fishhasdischargedelectricity,somerestis
requiredforfurtherdischarge.Theseare
offensiveanddefensiveorgansandfishermen
getelectricshocksfromcapturedelectricrays.
Special features of torpedo : ELECTRIC RAY
Image source-https://www.faunafondness.com/torpedo-electric-ray/

6. Got myolatednerve fibers with high degree of insulation.
Excitatory muscle fibers have high threshold of excitation.
Why are fishes immune to their own electric current ?
Catching food.
As defense organ.
As a warning device
Maintaining territory.
Species Recognition.
Function of Electric organ

7. BrayR.N.;HixonM.A.;1978;Abstract-PredatoryBehaviorof
thePacificElectricRay(Torpedocalifornica);ScienceVol.200,
p333-334;-USA
Farrell,A.P.(2011).Encyclopediaoffishphysiology:from
genometoenvironment.Academicpress.
References