Electrical department in hospital.pptxsjsbbs

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1. HOSPITAL ELECTRICAL SUPPLY DISTRIBUTIONS.

2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM THE ELECTRICAL LIFELINE OF THE HOSPITAL IS DEPEND ON THE MAIN CONCERN OF THE DESIGN TEAM AND THE HOSPITAL ENGINEER . THE PIVOT AROUND WHICH ALMOST EVERY FUNCTION OF THE HOSPITAL REVOLVES AND THE SYSTEM IS BECOMING INCRIESINGLY MORE DEMANDING ,COMPLEX AND CURICAL . ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS AN ESSENTIAL SOURCE OF POWER . SPECILIZED MEDICAL AND ELECTRIONIC EQUIPMENT USED FOR DIGNOSIS , TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF PATIENT AND HENCE LARGE LOAD OF POWER NEEDED IN HOSPITAL . THERE IS NEED TO CREATE AN AWARNESS OF THE ENERGY COST AND THE PRESERVATION OF BOTH WITHIN AN OUTSIDE THE HOSPITAL .

3. THE BASICE FUNCTIONAL RESOURCES ARE AS FOLLOWS: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL INCLUDING VENTILATING , HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING . HEATING AND COOLING WATER . LIGHTNING COOKING, REFREGERATING , AND FREEZING FOOD OPERATING ALL TYPE OF MEDICAL , STERLIZATION , INCINERATION , LAUNDRY ETC. TRENDS FOLLOWS IN HOSPITAL: MOST PART OF THE HOSPITAL BEING CENTRALLY AIR CONDITIONED STAND BY GENERATOR INCREASED NUMBER OF OPERATING ROOMS AND LABORATORIES , HEAVILY EQUIPPED DIGNOSTIC CENTERS.

4. DESIGN PRODUCERS OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WORK OUT ACTUAL CONNECTED LOAD AND DEMAND FOR THE PRESENT AND FUTURE . DEVELOP THE SITE PLAN OF THE HOSPITAL PLAN SHOWING THE SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE LOADS . WORK OUT THE ESSENTIAL LOAD AND THEN DETERMINE THE CAPACITY OF DISEL GENERATOR ESTABLISH VOLTAGE LEVEL THROUGHOUT THE HOSPITAL PLANT . DETERMINE THE SIZE ,NUMBER AND LOCATION OF POWER CENTERS. DETERMINE THE SERVICE ABILITY SELECT CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT REQUIRED IN EACH HOSPITAL AREA AND DESIGN THE CIRCUIT . PROVIDE ADEQUATE POWER SUPPLY POINTS . PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING,EARTH LEAKAGE CURRENT,SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT,UNDERVOLTAGE AND OVERVOLTAGE. CONSIDER SPECIAL LIGHTING DESIGN FOR PATIENT AND OTHER AREAS.

5. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS - THE HOSPITAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEAM CALLS FOR CAREFULL PLANNING . PLANNING CONSIDRETION DEPENDS ON FUTURE NEEDS IN TERMS OF EXPANSION AND INCREASE WORK LOAD . HOSPITALS STAFF ARE THE ONES WHO OPERATE AND MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES OF THE SYSTEM ENGG AND MAINTANCE STAFF ARE MUST. POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEAM SHOULD BE ADEQATE TO MEET THE SERVICE REABILITY REQUIRMENTS OF HOSPITAL. ENGG SHOULD BE CONVERSANT WITH VARIOUS CODES AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO HOSPITAL.

6. EMERGENCY GENERATORS NECESSITY – IN HOSPITALS PATIENT CARE DEPENDS ON AN UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY . HOSPITALS DO PROVIDE EMERGENCY SOURCE OF POWER SUPPLY . THIS EMERGENCY POWER USUALLY USED FOR LIGHTING AND EQUIPMENTS. THE USUAL SOURCE OF POWER USED IN HOSPITAL FOR EMERGENCIES IS THE GENERATOR THAT IS DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OPERATING ON DIESEL OIL. AT THE PLANNING AND DESIGN STAGE THE ENGINEER SHOULD BE SPECIFIED WHICH LOADS HAVE TO BE TRANSFERRED AUTOMATICALLY OR MANUALLY , DEPENDING ON THE URGENCY OR CRITICALLITY OF THE FUNCTION . EX. ALL LIGHTS ARE CONNECTED TO THE AUTOMATIC TRANSFER LOAD BECAUSE PATIENTS AND VISITORS OFTEN PANIC IN THE DARK.

7. LOCATION -

8. UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES EVEN A 10 SECONDS INTERRUPTION OF POWER SUPPLY IN HOSPITALS MAY PROVE LIFE THREATENING . USE : OPERATING ROOMS ( OPEN HEART SURGERY OR A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT). ICU ( INTENSE CARE UNIT ). CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION LAB OR STRESS TEST LABORATORY. ENGINEERS WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND MEDICAL STAFF SHOULD IDENTICALLY CRITICAL AREAS THAT SHOULD BE HOOKED ON TO THE UPS.

9. VOLTAGE SENSITIVE MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS, COMPUTERS. SMALL PERCENTAGE OF LIGHTING ARE CONNECTED TO UPS THAT TYPICALLY HAS A BATTERY BACK UP OF 30 MINUTES . SOMETIME ADVANCE UPS SYSTEMS BUILT IN BATTERY BACK UP TO KEEP THE EQUIPMENT SAFELY . 4 THERE ARE SEVERAL POWER CONDITIONING ALTERNATIVES LIKE UPS . SUCH AS MOTAR GENERATOR SET THAT CAN PROTECT THE COMPUTER AND THE OTHER MEDICAL EQUIPMENT.

10. KW HVAC 1200 GENERAL LIGHTING( EXTERNAL) 320 GENERAL LIGHTS AND POWER PLUGS 350 MRI ,CAT SCAN AND X-RAY 300 ANGIOGRAPHY AND GAMMA CAMERA ETC. 175 PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY LAB 150 CSSR 200 SURGILICL SUITES (4-5) 150 SERVERS ,PCs 100 ELEVATORS AND DUMBWAITERS 125 LAUNDRY AND KITCHEN 250 WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT PLANTS 180 MISCELLANEOUS 100 TOTAL 3600 ELECTRIC LOAD ESTIMATES FOR A 200 BED HOSPITAL.

11. COMMON FLOW OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN THE BUILDINGS- MAIN LINE MAIN METER CONTROL PANEL M.C.B DISTRIBUTION BOARD SWITCH BOARD HALF POINT FULL POINT ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

12. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY THE ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED IN PLANTS KNOWN BY VARIOUS NAMES SUCH AS POWER HOUSE,POWER GENERATING STATION AND POWER PLANTS VARIOUS METHOD OF GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY- A]THERMAL ELECTRICITY/THERMAL POWER B]ATOMIC POWER C]HYDRO-ELECTRICITY D]WIND POWER E]SOLAR POWER

13. THREE PHASE A.C POWER- THREE PHASE A.C.: Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution

14. BENEFITS AND USES OF A THREE PHASE AC POWER SUPPLY- Typical applications for 3 phase systems include data centers , mobile towers, power grids, shipboard and aircraft, unmanned systems, and any other electronic with a load greater than 1000 watts. Three phase power supplies offer a superior carrying capacity for higher load systems. Some of the benefits include: Reduction of copper consumption Fewer safety risks for workers Lower labor handling costs Greater conductor efficiency Ability to run higher power loads

15. SINGLE PHASE AC POWER SYSTEM A single phase AC power system peaks in voltage at 90⁰ and 270⁰, with a complete cycle at 360⁰ (see chart below.) With these peaks and dips in voltage, power is not delivered at a constant rate. In a single phase system, there is one neutral wire and one power wire with current flowing between them. Benefits and Uses of a Single Phase AC Power Supply Single phase power supply units have a broad array of applications. Units that have a limited power need up to 1000 watts* typically make the most efficient use of a single phase AC power supply. Generally, benefits of selecting a single phase system include: Broad array of application uses Most efficient AC power supply for up to 1000 watts Fewer design costs Less complex designs

16. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE PHASE AND DOUBLE PHASE

17. TERMINOLOGIES CURRENT :CURRENT IS THE MOVEMENT OR PASSAGE OF ELECTRICITY ALONG A CONDUCTOR.CURRENTS IS GENERALLY MEASURED IN AMPERE AMPERE’A’{AMP}: AMPERE IS A UNIT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT CONDUCTOR : A SUBSTANCE THAT ALLOWS AN ELECTRIC CURRENT TO PASS OR FLOW THROUGH IT RELATIVELY FREELY IS CALLED CONDUCTOR.COPPER,ALUMINIUM,BRASS,SILVER,ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY FOR MATTER ALMOST ALL METALS ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS AND SO IS WATER INSULATOR : A SUBSTANCE THAT RESISTS THE FLOW OR PASSAGE OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH IT IS CALLED INSULATOR. RUBBER,WOOD,GLASS,PORCELAIN /CERAMICS,PLASTICS ARE INSULATORS THAT IS SAY ALL INSULATORS ARE POOR CONDUCTORS AND VICE-VERSA

18. FREQUENCY :THE FREQUENCY OF AN ALTERNATING CURRENT (A.C.)IS THE NUMBER OF CYCLES COMPLETED IN ONE SECOND THE NORMAL SUPPLY IS AN ALTERNATE CURRENT AT A FREQUENCY OF 50 CYCLES PER SECOND GENERALLY ,THE FREQUENCY IS EXPRESSED BY THE TERM ‘HERTZ’(HZ) IT THEREFORE CAN BE SAID THE FREQUENCY OF A.C. IS 50HZ TRANSFORMER : IS AN INSTRUMENT FOR REDUCING AND TRANSFORMING A HIGH PRESSURE VOLTAGE TO A LOW ONE BY INDUCTION OR INCREASING A LOW PRESSURE TO HIGHER ONE . SWITCH : SWITCH IS THE CONTROL USED TO TURN THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY ON OR OFF TO THE ELECTRICAL DEVICE TO WHICH IT CONNECTS. FIXTURES : THE LIGHTING FIXTURES USED ,THESE FIXTURES MAY BE WALL/CEILING, FLOOR MOUNTED OR OF TABLE LAMPS. FUSE : FUSE ARE SAFETY DEVICES FOR PROTECTING CONDUCTORS,FIXTURES,FITTINGS AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL DEVICES AGAINST OVERLOAD OR SHORT CIRCUITS

19. SOLAR POWER : IS THE CONVERSION OF ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY , EITHER DIRECTLY USING PHOTOVOLTAICS PHOTOVOLTAICS PHSOTOVOLTAIC : IS THE CONVERSION OF LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY USING SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT, A PHENOMENON STUDIED IN PHYSICS, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY. INDIRECTLY USING CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER, OR A COMBINATION. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS USE LENSES OR MIRRORS AND TRACKING SYSTEMS TO FOCUS A LARGE AREA OF SUNLIGHT INTO A SMALL BEAM

20. LUX LEVEL/MAINTAIN LEVEL/UTILIZATION FACTOR/LUMONS OUTPUTS :INTENSITY OF LIGHT REQUIRED IN AN AREA /ROOM FORMULA: NUMBER OF FIXTURE =AREA IN SQ M X LUX LEVEL EG= IF A ROOM SIZE IS 15 SQ M AND HAVING 2 NUMBER OF FIXTURE THEN, 2=15 X LUX LEVEL LUX LEVEL=15/2 : LUX LEVEL=7.5

21. EARTHING EARTHING PIT/ CHAMBER=600 X600 MM MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO EARTHING CHAMBER=1500MM MINIMUM DISTANCE OF EARTHING CHAMBER FROM BUILDING FOOTING =1500MM MINIMUM EARTHING PIT DEPTH AS PER STRATA UNAVAILABILITY OF SOIL TEST REPORT