ELECTRICAL SAFETY in the work place.pptx

Electricity is the movement of electrons among the atoms of matter, the electrons are passed from atom to atom creating electrical current.

Electricity has become an essential of modern life, usually utilized as source of energy.

1. ELECTRICAL SAFETY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the session, you will be able to: Define electricity and how it work. Identify hazards of electricity. List causes of electrical accident. Describe ways of preventing electrical accidents

3. Electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons among the atoms of matter, the electrons are passed from atom to atom creating electrical current. Electricity has become an essential of modern life, usually utilized as source of energy.

4. Electrical terms 1 . CURRENT: It is the flow or movement of electrons through a substance which allows the transfer of electrical energy from one position to another. This flow or movement of electrons is known as the electric current. (usually measured in ampere)

5. Question: What is electric current? A) The flow or movement of protons through a substance. B) The transfer of heat energy from one position to another. C) The flow or movement of electrons that allows the transfer of electrical energy. D) The flow or movement of neutrons in a circuit . Correct Answer : C

6. Electrical terms Cont. 2. CIRCUIT : complete path of flow of the current. It includes generating source, conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater) 3 . RESISTANCE : restriction to flow of electricity 4 . CONDUCTORS : are materials, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that allow electricity to flow e.g . silver aluminum, copper, water . 5. INSULATORS : materials with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent electricity from flowing out of circuit. 6 . Grounding or Earthing : a conductive connection to the Earth which acts as a protective measure for persons not to receive shock. 7 . Ampere: electrical current unit of measurement. 8 . Voltage: measurement of electrical force

7. What are the Hazards of Electricity: The primary hazards of electricity are : Shock Burns Explosions Fires

8. SHOCK PHENOMENA Electric currents travel in closed circuits through some kind of conducting material . Shock is a sudden stimulation of the body's nervous system by the flow of electric current through a part of the body .

9. What causes shock Touching both exposed wires of an electrical circuit Touching an energized wire and a ground conductor. Touching the exterior of a faulty or short-circuited appliance or machine

10. Occurrence of shock Human body gets an electric shock when an electric current flows through any part of the body due to the applied voltage difference across that part. The severity of the shock depends on how much current flows through which part of the body and for how long. Results of electric shock can differ from simple annoying sensation ( secondary shock) to serious

11. Burns:- Burn can result when a person makes contact with electrical wiring or equipment that is faulty or poorly maintained. Typically, such burn injuries occur on the hands .

12. Explosions: Explosions occur when electricity provides a source of ignition for an explosive mixture in the atmosphere. Ignition can be due to overheated conductors or equipment, or normal arcing (sparking) at switch cont.

13. Fires: Electricity is one of the most common causes of fire in workplaces/homes. Defective or misused electrical equipment is a major cause of fires . An undersized cable used in an installation is also a source of fire .

14. Preventing Electrical Accidents: Protection from electrical hazards is one way to prevent accidents caused by electric current. Protective methods to control electrical hazards include : Proper Insulation. Electrical protective devices. Grounding or Earthing . PPE . Lockout / Tagout Program

15. Insulation: Insulators like glass, rubber, or plastic are put on electrical equipment and conductors to protect people from electrical hazards or shock. Before you begin to work on any piece of electrical equipment, take a look at the insulation (on electrical cords, for example) to be sure there are no exposed electrical wires.

16. Electrical Protective Devices: Electrical protective devices, including fuses, circuit breakers, and Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (GFCIs), are critically important to electrical safety. These devices interrupt current flow when it exceeds the capacity of the conductor or if the current travel out of its normal part and should be installed where necessary

17. Static Electricity It is electricity generated when two dissimilar bodies rub against each other. The separation of such medium manifest itself as static electrical charge as a result of potential Differences e.g. separation of liquid from the pipe, High-speed rotating flat belt, pulley and electrostatic spray painting etc. Lightning also falls within the category of static.

18. LIGHTNING During lightning seek shelter Stay off the veranda with tall objects attached  On the beach, desert, or open space look for a depression and squatting on the ground In the bush seek shelter in grassland Do not use an umbrella with a broken handle

19. Grounding Grounding/ Earthing creates a low-resistance path from a tool to earth dispersing unwanted current. Grounding/ Earthing is necessary to protect persons against shock, equipment damage, and arcing. There are two types of grounding; system and equipment grounding.

20. Grounding cont. Grounding/ Earthing as a system stabilizes the voltage in the system so that expected voltage levels are not exceeded under normal conditions. Electrical equipment grounding also provides a path for dangerous faulty current to return to the ground at the supply source of the circuit should the insulation fail.

21. Personal Protective Equipment: If you work in an area where there are potential electrical hazards, You must use electrical protective equipment Electrical protective equipment includes insulating blankets, matting, gloves, sleeves, overshoes, face protection, and hard hats among other equipment specially made to protect you from electrical shock.