ELECTRICAL VEHICLE PLATOONING IN ROAD SIDE

ELECTRICAL VEHICLE PLATOONING IN ROAD SIDE

1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING GUIDED BY , PRESENTED BY, Ms. APARNA JOSE JIMMY JAMES Assistant Professor LKGR21EE016 1

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION COMPARISON BETWEEN ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND ICE VEHICLES RENEWABLE ENERGYS BENEFITS OF USING EV ELETRICAL VEHICLES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES EV CHARGING STATIONS EV CHARGING TECHNIQUE CLASSIFICATION EV CHARGING CONNECTORS CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2

3. INTRODUCTION Internal-Combustion-Engines (ICE) are major contributors of air pollutants. Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants like carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2 . Excessive consumption of fossil fuels contributes to global warming, climate change, and other environmental issues G lobal trend is towards renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydraulics etc. To use various techniques to charging and increase the range of electric vehicle . 3

4. ENERGY CONSUMPTION 4 Image1:Energy Consumption

5. COMPARISON BETWEEN ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND ICE VEHICLES 5

6. RENEWABLE ENERGY 1. SOLAR 2. WIND 6 Image 2: Renewable Energy

7. BENEFITS OF USING EV Compared to conventional cars, EVs are quieter, reducing noise pollution and stress levels in urban areas . Electric vehicles (EVs) emit fewer greenhouse gases than traditional ICEVs, even after power production . EVs reduce tailpipe emissions of pollutants like NOx , PM, and VOCs, improving air quality . EVs have superior energy efficiency due to regenerative braking and the electric drivetrain. 7

8. ELETRICAL VEHICLES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESBENEFITS OF USING EV CHALLENGES • Electric vehicles (EVs) have higher initial costs compared to conventional ICEVs, which may deter some buyers. • Concerns about EV driving range and charging infrastructure can cause range anxiety. • The cost of installing charging infrastructure can be high, especially for fast-charging stations. • Concerns about depreciation and resale value can influence financing choices and purchase decisions . OPPORTUNITIES • Public and private investment in charging infrastructure is required to solve range anxiety and enable convenient EV charging. • EVs do not contribute to fuel tax earnings, which are used for transportation infrastructure maintenance . 8

9. CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) Combines electric and traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion. Also known as a "dual-power source vehicle." Regenerative braking recharges battery by recapturing vehicle's kinetic energy. Mechanical drive includes fuel tank, combustion engine, gearbox, and wheel gearbox. PLUG IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV) PHEVs use batteries for electric motor, unlike ICEs which use different fuels. PHEVs often have a larger battery pack than regular HEVs. Autos run on power until battery is nearly depleted, then convert to internal combustion engine power. Charging methods include internal combustion engine, regenerative braking, and electrical power connection. 9

10. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV ) • BEVs are powered by an electric motor stored in a battery pack. • Only moving components are wheels, coolant pumps, and an electric motor. • BEVs have no internal combustion engine. • Wireless charging is possible, but other power sources can also be used. • BEVs are more effective than conventional cars. • Challenges include long charging times and lack of public charging infrastructure. FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE(FCEV) Electric Motor and Hydrogen Fuel • FCEVs use electric motors, similar to BEVs. • Fuel cells and hydrogen fuel replace batteries. • Compressed hydrogen combined with atmospheric air generates DC energy. • Water produced as byproduct, released through exhaust pipe. • Environmentally friendly due to no carbon in fuel and no high-temperature combustion . 10

11. EV CHARGING STATIONS CONDUCTIVE CHARGING The process of physically connecting an electric vehicle (EV) to the electrical grid and charging it is known as "conductive charging." 11 Image3:conductive charging

12. INDUCTIVE CHARGING When employing the inductive charging technique, an actual physical connection between the electric vehicle and the power grid is not required. 12 Image4:inductive charging

13. BATTERY SWAP Switching out the batteries in an EV is one of the quickest ways to get the battery fully charged 13 Image5:battery swap

14. EV CHARGING TECHNIQUE CLASSIFICATION ON-BOARD CHARGERS • Built-in chargers with converter, inverter, and controller. • Power limitations due to size and weight. • Often compatible with Level 1&2 chargers. • Enables direct charging of electric vehicles from AC grid. • Range of electric vehicle is proportional to battery capacity . 14 Image6:on board chargers

15. OFF-BOARD CHARGERS • Off-Board chargers are located outside the car, unconstrained by size and weight issues. • Compatible with Level III chargers. • Mechanism includes battery-side DC/DC converters and grid-side AC/DC converters. • EV battery receives DC power from an external, separated power converter . 15 Image7:off-board chargers

16. EV CHARGING CONNECTORS 16 Image7:ev charging connectors

17. CONCLUSION • Battery-based EVs are the core of the EV industry . • On-board chargers are limited due to weight, space, and cost . • Off-board chargers can avoid size and weight issues and provide higher charging power levels. 17

18. REFERENCES https:// c8.alamy.com/comp/P701TP/solar-panel-and-wind-power-generation-system-for-home-renewable-energy-concept-simplified-diagram-of-an-off-grid-system-wind-turbine-solar-panel-P701TP.jpg https :// www.google.com/search?q=solar+to+electrical+energy&udm=2 https ://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=ea2cb3181ae7dcdc&sxsrf=ADLYWIJEcGQWnx30icnnxGPyDoAJLdpWwQ:1724377359808&q=electric+vehicle+inductive+charging&uds=ADvngMgCu_UzwmaaH0jwI15jDlxotoSJOF8E6xFe9xAKcREQhPbdrg20RyHWaMAuxm6YIUVZ85E-- wl_qJ1QcO3DuQDDH2sas9qUOrueNP-xv7JQHjWalfTW3Iz6yDdiLt8wLIQl7q7iKrsbnEEfhYI1omatoV7uaw&udm=2&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQzfWf_omIAxUUwTgGHdO-JsIQxKsJegQIChAB&ictx=0&biw=1296&bih=640&dpr=1#vhid=cOQZ7Urt8SPTxM&vssid=mosaic https ://www.google.com/search?q=electric+vehicle+conductive+charging+system&sca_esv=ea2cb3181ae7dcdc&udm=2&biw=1296&bih=640&sxsrf=ADLYWIKAdfxea7iCJjbrralDWwpDnT6XIg%3A1724377361868&ei=EenHZqffNPueg8UPpuPukAU&oq=electric+vehicle+CONDUCTIVE+charging&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiJGVsZWN0cmljIHZlaGljbGUgQ09ORFVDVElWRSBjaGFyZ2luZyoCCAAyBxAAGIAEGBhI73tQ7gtYo2ZwAXgAkAEAmAG5AqABjhiqAQgwLjE3LjEuMbgBAcgBAPgBAZgCDKAC-Q3CAgQQIxgnwgIGEAAYBxgewgIIEAAYBxgIGB7CAgYQABgIGB7CAgUQABiABJgDAIgGAZIHCDEuMTAuMC4xoAeKNQ&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#vhid=le-XvKcl4vBGhM&vssid=mosaic 18

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