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1. Electrostatics Subject: Physics Class: 12th (Karnataka Board) / NEET Preparation

2. Introduction to Electrostatics Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of stationary or slow-moving electric charges. Key Concepts: - Charge: Fundamental property of matter. - Coulomb's Law: Describes the force between two point charges.

3. Properties of Electric Charges Types of Charges: Positive (+) and Negative (-). Law of Charges: - Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. Conservation of Charge: Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

4. Coulomb's Law Statement: The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Formula: F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2 Key Points: - Force is attractive for opposite charges and repulsive for like charges. - The force is stronger when the charges are closer.

5. Electric Field Definition: The electric field is a region around a charged object where a force would be experienced by other charges. Formula: E = F / q Units: Electric field is measured in N/C (Newtons per Coulomb).

6. Electric Potential and Potential Energy Electric Potential: The potential energy per unit charge at a point in space. Formula: V = U / q Potential Energy: The energy stored due to the position of the charge in an electric field.

7. Gauss’s Law Statement: The total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed within the surface divided by the permittivity of free space. Formula: ΦE = Qenc / ε0

8. Applications of Electrostatics Capacitors: Devices used to store electric charge. Formula for capacitance: C = ε0 A / d Electrostatic Precipitators: Used in industries to remove particles from gases. Van de Graaff Generator: A machine that generates high voltages.

9. Important Formulas Coulomb’s Law: F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2 Electric Field: E = F / q Electric Potential: V = U / q Gauss’s Law: ΦE = Qenc / ε0

10. Summary Electrostatics deals with the behavior of electric charges at rest. Key principles: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field, Potential, and Gauss’s Law. Real-world applications: Capacitors, Electrostatic Precipitators, and Van de Graaff Generators.

11. Questions 1. What is Coulomb’s Law and how is it derived? 2. Define electric field and explain its significance. 3. State and explain Gauss’s Law. 4. Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.