Basic Competence
Students are able to to explain the
definition of element and compound.
What are elements?
Elements are pure substances (like
hydrogen and oxygen) that can’t be
split into simpler substances by
chemical or physical means.
Some common examples of elements
are hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon.
In total, 118 elements have been
observed. New elements are
discovered from time to time by
artificial nuclear reactions.ELEMENT
S
Who disc vered elements?
ELEMENT
S
As i have stated before, the Greek, Hindu, and
Japanese came up with 4 main classical elements. In
1661 Robert Boyle showed that there were more
than just 4 classical elements. The first modern list of
chemical elements was given in Antoine Lavoisier's
1789 Elements of Chemistry, which contained thirty
three elements. In 1869, medeleev’s periodic table
showed 66 elements.
As the Years
went by, more
and more
elements were
discovered, up
until now, there
are 118
elements.
Robert Boyle Mendeleev
ELEMENTS
2006 version :: 116 elements
The periodic table of elements
ELEMENT
S
2008 version :: 118 elements
The periodic table of elements
ELEMENT
SAtomic number
As you’ve seen in the tables earlier, there is a
number next to the element. But what does
this mean? The number is called the atomic
number, which is determined by the number
of protons in an element. For example,
carbon has 6 protons, so its atomic number is
6.
Atomic mass
The atomic mass is the number
of nucleons In the atomic
nucleus.
ELEMENT
S
Classical elements
Many ancient philosophies used classical
elements to explain patterns in nature
The Greek, Hindu, and Japanese shared the
same classical elements, which were Earth,
Water, Air, Fire, and Aether
The fifth element, was used to describe that
which was beyond the material in this world.
ELEMENT
S
What do we use elements for?
On the other hand . . .
We use elements
to construct
thousands of
things. And we
need those things,
such as steel for
our everyday
necessities.
Without iron,
nickel,
manganese, and
many more, we
would be missing
many types of
steel.
A laser, useable in many
areas of life.
ELEMENT
S
What do we use elements for?
On the
other hand,
there are
some
elements
such as
plutonium,
uranium,
and more
that are
used to
destroy.
Atomic Bomb 1945
ELEMENT
S Radioactivity
Again, this all relates back to elements, as
radioactivity would not be possible without elements.
Benefits: Radioactivity is often used to diagnose
and treat diseases. It can also produce energy for
heat and electric power, and kill microorganisms
that cause contamination and disease.
Disadvantages: Is extremely harmful, and just a
small dose will kill you.
This just proves my point about elements,
that NOTHING could be possible without
them.
Q&A
You can look but you better not touch
Plutonium. This emits alpha radiation. The radiation
from even a small amount of plutonium gas will give
you lung cancer.
Mercury. This evaporates readily at room
temperature, and is highly poisonous. It can cause
brain damage.
Lead. This stuff is put in the air by burning and fueling
with leaded gasoline, and it appears in old paint. This
can cause brain damage, especially for younger children.
What are some elements that are dangerous?Q:
A:
ELEMENT
SIsotope Symbols
Example: H2O
What you see up there is an isotope symbol.
They make it easier to use them (elements)
in chemical equations.
Note: All the Isotopes must be
written in capital form. For example,
the hydrogen in H2O Must be
capitalized
!!!! !!!!! !!!!
ELEMENT
SIsotope Symbols
H2O
The capitalized
letter is used to
abbreviate the
original
element. The
number
however, the number is used to express
the quantities of the element.
In this case, is we
were to read this
element, it
would say 2
hydrogen, and 1
oxygen, which is
water.
Reading the symbols