Elements of English Grammar by Jaya Upraity

Includes different elements required in english grammar

1. Elements of Grammar

2. 5 Elements of Grammar :- Although there are hundreds of different grammar rules in English, there are actually only 5 fundamental principles students have to understand in order to be able to properly communicate.  these   elements that make up spoken and written speech The following 5 principles form the basic framework you’ll need to become familiar with in order to speak coherent and grammatically-correct English. They are the foundation on which the other rules of English are built. 

3. What are the five elements of grammar? 1. Word order As an analytic language, English uses word order to determine the relationship between different words. In a basic declarative statement, the subject should always come first, the verb-second, and the objects and adverbial phrases (if any) third.  Examples:  The farmer is leading a cow. Changing this basic order changes the meaning of the sentences : The cow farmer is leading. A cow is leading the farmer.

4. 2. Punctuation In written English, punctuation is used to signify pauses, intonation, and stress words. These punctuation marks are commas, periods, question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, dashes, hyphens, brackets, braces, parentheses, apostrophes, ellipsis, and quotation marks.  Punctuation can completely alter the meaning of a sentence, as in these examples: He is my friend. Where are you ? Wow ! This is beautiful.

5. 3. Tense and aspect Tenses signify whether a statement refers to the present, the past, or the future by applying parameters to verbs. Likewise, aspect shows whether a statement refers to one single instant action, a regular or repeated action, or an ongoing or progressive action or state. Here's how tenses can completely change a sentence: I'm a police officer. I was a police officer. She's drinking wine. She drinks wine.

6. 4. Determiners Since nouns can rarely stand on their own without prior context, determiners such as "which", "how many", "what", "my", and so on are needed to give them meaning. Using determiners correctly is essential in order to form meaningful questions or statements.  Here are some examples of determiners in action: My wife.  His wife. The restaurant over there. The corner restaurant.

7. 5. Connectors As their name suggests, connectors "connect" phrases, words, or clauses to one another. They can express subordination (if, who, that, when, because, although), coordination (but, and, yet, nor), or correlation (either, or, both, and) between the units they link.  Examples of subordination: She's a programmer who lives in San Diego. He wears a uniform because he's a policeman. Examples of correlation:  You can pick either the yellow or the white dress. We can either travel tonight or tomorrow. Examples of coordination: I enjoy eating popcorn and drinking soda. I enjoy eating popcorn and drinking soda, but I don't like beer and pretzels.