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Poverty and Mental Health Correlation
Topics: Health, Mental Health, Poverty
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Kim, S., & Cardemil, E. (2012). Effective psychotherapy with low-income clients: The importance of...
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About Him
ELPIDIO RIVERA QUIRINO
Born on November 16, 1890 in the small city of
Vigan, on Luzon Island in the Philippines
Married to Alicia Jimenez Syquia and had three
children
Son of Don Mariano Quirino, a warden at a
provincial jail and Dona Gregoria Mendoza
Rivera Quirino
T H EL I F EA N DT I M E SO FP R E S I D E N TE L P I D I OR .Q U I R I N OIG O V P HIH T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
ELPIDIO RIVERA QUIRINO
Born on November 16, 1890 in the small city of
Vigan, on Luzon Island in the Philippines
Married to Alicia Jimenez Syquia and had three
children
Son of Don Mariano Quirino, a warden at a
provincial jail and Dona Gregoria Mendoza
Rivera Quirino
T H EL I F EA N DT I M E SO FP R E S I D E N TE L P I D I OR .Q U I R I N OIG O V P HIH T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
Education Years
Received his first formal education in the private school
of Maestro Anastacio Aquino of Aringay, La Union. Later
on moved to Vigan High School
While studying in Vigan High School, the young Elpidio
taught in Barrio Caparia-an
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
Received his first formal education in the private school
of Maestro Anastacio Aquino of Aringay, La Union. Later
on moved to Vigan High School
While studying in Vigan High School, the young Elpidio
taught in Barrio Caparia-an
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
Education Years
When he earned enough to finance, he transferred to
Manila High School
While enrolled in Manila High School, he worked as a
property clerk in the Manila police department. He
sketched and illustrated for publications to meet his
expenses. He did then graduated in 1911 and then
passed the civil service exam
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
When he earned enough to finance, he transferred to
Manila High School
While enrolled in Manila High School, he worked as a
property clerk in the Manila police department. He
sketched and illustrated for publications to meet his
expenses. He did then graduated in 1911 and then
passed the civil service exam
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
Education Years
He entered law school at the University of the
Philippines, graduated in 1915. He was one of the
topnotchers of the Bar Examinations of 1915
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
He entered law school at the University of the
Philippines, graduated in 1915. He was one of the
topnotchers of the Bar Examinations of 1915
T H E L I F E A N D T I M E S O F P R E S I D E N T E L P I D I O R . Q U I R I N O I G O V P H I H T T P : / / W W W . E L P I D I O Q U I R I N O . O R G /
Career Before Presidency
He began his career as law clerk of the Philippine
Commission, the upper chamber of the legislative
set-up at that time.
With the approval of the Jones Act in 1916, the
Philippine Commission gave way to the Philippine
Senate; he then transferred to the latter. The new
Senate President Manuel Quezon made him his
secretary.
He began his career as law clerk of the Philippine
Commission, the upper chamber of the legislative
set-up at that time.
With the approval of the Jones Act in 1916, the
Philippine Commission gave way to the Philippine
Senate; he then transferred to the latter. The new
Senate President Manuel Quezon made him his
secretary.
POLITICAL
TIMELINE
TIMELINE
ELPIDIO QUIRINO’S POLITICAL TIMELINE
1919-1925
Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Ilocos Sur’s 1st district
1925-1935
Senator of the Philippines
Quezon appointed him chairman of the Committee on Accounts and Claims and of the
Committee on Public Instruction and other important congressional bodies.
In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine Independence Commission that was sent
to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Act or the
Philippines Independent Act to the United States Congress.
In 1934 Quirino became secretary of finance.
He was also one of the drafters of the constitution approved on May 15, 1935.
1919-1925
Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Ilocos Sur’s 1st district
1925-1935
Senator of the Philippines
Quezon appointed him chairman of the Committee on Accounts and Claims and of the
Committee on Public Instruction and other important congressional bodies.
In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine Independence Commission that was sent
to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Act or the
Philippines Independent Act to the United States Congress.
In 1934 Quirino became secretary of finance.
He was also one of the drafters of the constitution approved on May 15, 1935.
ELPIDIO QUIRINO’S POLITICAL TIMELINE
1935-1938
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines
1941
Elected as senator-at-large
When World War II broke out, Quirino refused to join the puppet government of José
Laurel and became an underground leader of the Filipino resistance movement against
the Japanese. He was captured and imprisoned by the Japanese military police in Ft.
Santiago, and his wife, two daughters, and a son were murdered by the Japanese forces.
1945-1946
Senator of the Philippines
In 1945, Quirino became the leader of the majority in the Philippine Congress and then
assumed the post of president pro tempore of the Senate.
1935-1938
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines
1941
Elected as senator-at-large
When World War II broke out, Quirino refused to join the puppet government of José
Laurel and became an underground leader of the Filipino resistance movement against
the Japanese. He was captured and imprisoned by the Japanese military police in Ft.
Santiago, and his wife, two daughters, and a son were murdered by the Japanese forces.
1945-1946
Senator of the Philippines
In 1945, Quirino became the leader of the majority in the Philippine Congress and then
assumed the post of president pro tempore of the Senate.
ELPIDIO QUIRINO’S POLITICAL TIMELINE
1946-1948
Quirino became the running mate of Manuel Roxas in the 1946 elections and was elected
Vice-President.
As Vice-President, Quirino was appointed as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
1948-1953
6th President of the Philippines
He succeeded to the presidency unexpectedly when Manuel A. Roxas died on the third
year of his four-year term, April 15, 1948.
Quirino's five years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general
economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.
He was very unpopular and in 1953 he was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay.
1946-1948
Quirino became the running mate of Manuel Roxas in the 1946 elections and was elected
Vice-President.
As Vice-President, Quirino was appointed as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
1948-1953
6th President of the Philippines
He succeeded to the presidency unexpectedly when Manuel A. Roxas died on the third
year of his four-year term, April 15, 1948.
Quirino's five years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general
economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.
He was very unpopular and in 1953 he was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay.
Father of The Modern
Foreign Service
FOREIGN
RELATION
In charge of the foreign service's establishment,
development, and growth resulting from 27
nations worldwide that have opened relations
with the Philippines.
Had no department when he started as a
secretary, so he had to start from scratch.
Quirino chose and invited the most talented and
intelligent to enter the department. One of them
are local journalists, writers, poets.
Foreign Service
FOREIGN
RELATION
In charge of the foreign service's establishment,
development, and growth resulting from 27
nations worldwide that have opened relations
with the Philippines.
Had no department when he started as a
secretary, so he had to start from scratch.
Quirino chose and invited the most talented and
intelligent to enter the department. One of them
are local journalists, writers, poets.
Relation with The
United States
Quirino-Foster Agreement
Quirino Foster Agreement which implemented
the recommendations of the Bell Mission. Under
this agreement, The United States would provide
funds ought to reform its tax structure, enact a
minimum wage law for agricultural and
industrial labor, initiate social and land reforms,
as well as a sound planning for economic
development
United States
Quirino-Foster Agreement
Quirino Foster Agreement which implemented
the recommendations of the Bell Mission. Under
this agreement, The United States would provide
funds ought to reform its tax structure, enact a
minimum wage law for agricultural and
industrial labor, initiate social and land reforms,
as well as a sound planning for economic
development
REHABILITATION
When he took over as president in 1948, the
economy was on course for a rapid recovery,
helped along by continuing large US (military)
expenditure at the end of the war and by US
rehabilitation assistance in the form of war
damage payments.
America’s version of Marshall plan was the
Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1947. This law is
to finance the restoration of destroyed public
infrastructure facilities and to award war
damage payments for the rehabilitation of
properties and businesses destroyed.
War damage payments helped to speed up the
rehabilitation of the economy.
When he took over as president in 1948, the
economy was on course for a rapid recovery,
helped along by continuing large US (military)
expenditure at the end of the war and by US
rehabilitation assistance in the form of war
damage payments.
America’s version of Marshall plan was the
Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1947. This law is
to finance the restoration of destroyed public
infrastructure facilities and to award war
damage payments for the rehabilitation of
properties and businesses destroyed.
War damage payments helped to speed up the
rehabilitation of the economy.
The beginnings of macroeconomic imbalances
happened during Quirino’s time. Tax revenues and
other government receipts were not enough to
cover the large expenditure on rehabilitation and
development
Foreign grants (mostly US payments) helped to
fill the gap. Despite the abundance of American
economic expenditures and aid, the demand for
foreign goods far outstripped the country’s
inflows of dollar resources.
ECONOMY
happened during Quirino’s time. Tax revenues and
other government receipts were not enough to
cover the large expenditure on rehabilitation and
development
Foreign grants (mostly US payments) helped to
fill the gap. Despite the abundance of American
economic expenditures and aid, the demand for
foreign goods far outstripped the country’s
inflows of dollar resources.
ECONOMY
Investments and
Export Recovery
Investments and recovery were helped however by
the heavy inflows of assistance from the US.
Infrastructure reconstruction was rapid. Public
buildings destroyed by the war were rebuilt. Major
roads and bridges, ports and school-buildings, public
utilities were restored.
Private housing and business investments were
stimulated by the war damage payments. Damaged
businesses – in agriculture, industry, manufacturing
and commerce – were assisted in part by the quickly
disbursed war damage payments.
ECONOMY
Export Recovery
Investments and recovery were helped however by
the heavy inflows of assistance from the US.
Infrastructure reconstruction was rapid. Public
buildings destroyed by the war were rebuilt. Major
roads and bridges, ports and school-buildings, public
utilities were restored.
Private housing and business investments were
stimulated by the war damage payments. Damaged
businesses – in agriculture, industry, manufacturing
and commerce – were assisted in part by the quickly
disbursed war damage payments.
ECONOMY
Investments and
Export Recovery
The country’s major export industries began to
recover including the processing of coconut
products, sugar mills, some mining and timber firms
and exports of these products began to recover and
resumed the production.
The country continued to receive support from US
development aid
The import and exchange controls encouraged
businessmen to produce products that replaced
imports. The beginnings of industrial import
substitution were promoted by the law promoting
“new and necessary industries.”
ECONOMY
Export Recovery
The country’s major export industries began to
recover including the processing of coconut
products, sugar mills, some mining and timber firms
and exports of these products began to recover and
resumed the production.
The country continued to receive support from US
development aid
The import and exchange controls encouraged
businessmen to produce products that replaced
imports. The beginnings of industrial import
substitution were promoted by the law promoting
“new and necessary industries.”
ECONOMY
LABOR
ECONOMY
He signed the Magna Carta of Labor and the
minimum wage law that caused an improvement
in labor relation with him.
The Magna Carta is a law that gives rights to
workers in the Philippines. This law provides
protection to workers and shows recognition of
their contribution to society.
The minimum wage law sets the minimum
amount that employers must pay their workers. It
provides protection to underpaid workers and
contributes to income equality across jobs.
ECONOMY
He signed the Magna Carta of Labor and the
minimum wage law that caused an improvement
in labor relation with him.
The Magna Carta is a law that gives rights to
workers in the Philippines. This law provides
protection to workers and shows recognition of
their contribution to society.
The minimum wage law sets the minimum
amount that employers must pay their workers. It
provides protection to underpaid workers and
contributes to income equality across jobs.
AGRARIAN REFORMS
In 1950, Quirino enacted Executive order no.355 tha
Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate and
expand the peasant resettlement program of the
government. However due to limited post war
resources, the program was not successful
The primary purpose was to oversee and facilitate
land settlement initiatives in the Philippines. This
included managing agricultural land distribution,
providing support services to settlers, and promoting
agricultural development in rural areas.
ECONOMY
In 1950, Quirino enacted Executive order no.355 tha
Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate and
expand the peasant resettlement program of the
government. However due to limited post war
resources, the program was not successful
The primary purpose was to oversee and facilitate
land settlement initiatives in the Philippines. This
included managing agricultural land distribution,
providing support services to settlers, and promoting
agricultural development in rural areas.
ECONOMY
AGRARIAN REFORMS
In 1950, Quirino enacted Executive order no.355 tha
Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate and
expand the peasant resettlement program of the
government. However due to limited post war
resources, the program was not successful
The primary purpose was to oversee and facilitate
land settlement initiatives in the Philippines. This
included managing agricultural land distribution,
providing support services to settlers, and promoting
agricultural development in rural areas.
ECONOMY
In 1950, Quirino enacted Executive order no.355 tha
Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) was established to accelerate and
expand the peasant resettlement program of the
government. However due to limited post war
resources, the program was not successful
The primary purpose was to oversee and facilitate
land settlement initiatives in the Philippines. This
included managing agricultural land distribution,
providing support services to settlers, and promoting
agricultural development in rural areas.
ECONOMY
AGRARIAN REFORMS
Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing
Administration (ACCFA) it would facilitate
the financial help extended to the farmers
Import control was improved in 1949 to
conserve the dollar reserves. While in 1953
an entire system of foreign exhange controls
was applied to further put a break on the
depletion of the financial resources of the
government
ECONOMY
Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing
Administration (ACCFA) it would facilitate
the financial help extended to the farmers
Import control was improved in 1949 to
conserve the dollar reserves. While in 1953
an entire system of foreign exhange controls
was applied to further put a break on the
depletion of the financial resources of the
government
ECONOMY
Central Bank of the
Philippines
ECONOMY
The charter of the Central Bank of the
Philippines was approved by President Quirino
as Republic Act 265 on June 15, 1948 and the
Bank opened.
Provided a framework for effective monetary
management and financial regulation, which are
essential components of a stable and growing
economy. for business on January 3, 1949.
Philippines
ECONOMY
The charter of the Central Bank of the
Philippines was approved by President Quirino
as Republic Act 265 on June 15, 1948 and the
Bank opened.
Provided a framework for effective monetary
management and financial regulation, which are
essential components of a stable and growing
economy. for business on January 3, 1949.
Farm to Market Roads
To extend roads from agricultural communities to
markets or city centers. By expanding infrastructure,
it is expected to make it easier for farmers to sell
their products and expand their market.
Strengthening the agricultural sector and increasing
the production of agricultural products. Because of
having easier access to markets, more farmers are
able to sell their products, resulting in increased
income
ECONOMY
To extend roads from agricultural communities to
markets or city centers. By expanding infrastructure,
it is expected to make it easier for farmers to sell
their products and expand their market.
Strengthening the agricultural sector and increasing
the production of agricultural products. Because of
having easier access to markets, more farmers are
able to sell their products, resulting in increased
income
ECONOMY
Burgos Irrigation Project
Aimed to provide irrigation facilities to agricultural
lands in the municipality of Burgos, Zambales, to
improve agricultural productivity in the region, such
as enhancing water supply for farming activities,
particularly for rice cultivation, which was a crucial
crop for the local economy.
By providing reliable irrigation water, the project
aimed to increase agricultural yields, boost farm
incomes, and contribute to rural development in the
area
INDUSTRILIZATION
Aimed to provide irrigation facilities to agricultural
lands in the municipality of Burgos, Zambales, to
improve agricultural productivity in the region, such
as enhancing water supply for farming activities,
particularly for rice cultivation, which was a crucial
crop for the local economy.
By providing reliable irrigation water, the project
aimed to increase agricultural yields, boost farm
incomes, and contribute to rural development in the
area
INDUSTRILIZATION
Maria Cristina Falls
The Maria Cristina Hydroelectric Plant together with
a companion fertilizer plant to absorb the larger bulk
of power generated, was one of the three projects
given priority. Ambuklao and Itogon hydroelectric
power plants along Agno River in Benguet province
were the other two.
Undaunted by the seeming indifference of the
multilateral agency, the administration of President
Quirino, who succeeded President Roxas in 1948,
pursued the Maria Cristina projects through
domestic financing
INDUSTRILIZATION
The Maria Cristina Hydroelectric Plant together with
a companion fertilizer plant to absorb the larger bulk
of power generated, was one of the three projects
given priority. Ambuklao and Itogon hydroelectric
power plants along Agno River in Benguet province
were the other two.
Undaunted by the seeming indifference of the
multilateral agency, the administration of President
Quirino, who succeeded President Roxas in 1948,
pursued the Maria Cristina projects through
domestic financing
INDUSTRILIZATION
Iligan Steel
In the late fifties begun its booming years. Further
development came when Iligan chartered into a City on
June 16, 1950 after Quirino signed R.A. No.525. Iligan
City then became known as the Industrialize City of
the South. The first remarkable step towards
industrialization was the construction of Maria Cristina
Hydroelectric Plant
President Elpidio Quirino in Malacañang signed into
law Republic Act No. 525 known as the Charter of the
City of Iligan witnessed by then Speaker Eugenio Perez,
Congressman Ali Dimaporo, who sponsored the bill on
the Charter, Dansalan Mayor Bato Ali, first Iligan City
Mayor Benito S. Ong and Senator Tomas Ll. Cabili.
INDUSTRILIZATION
In the late fifties begun its booming years. Further
development came when Iligan chartered into a City on
June 16, 1950 after Quirino signed R.A. No.525. Iligan
City then became known as the Industrialize City of
the South. The first remarkable step towards
industrialization was the construction of Maria Cristina
Hydroelectric Plant
President Elpidio Quirino in Malacañang signed into
law Republic Act No. 525 known as the Charter of the
City of Iligan witnessed by then Speaker Eugenio Perez,
Congressman Ali Dimaporo, who sponsored the bill on
the Charter, Dansalan Mayor Bato Ali, first Iligan City
Mayor Benito S. Ong and Senator Tomas Ll. Cabili.
INDUSTRILIZATION
CONTROVERSY
ALLEGATION OF CORRUPTION
Quirino’s administration was
bombarded with controversies.
Quirino was believed to be the
most corrupt. Purchased a very
expensive Golden Orinola
using government money.
ALLEGATION OF CORRUPTION
Quirino’s administration was
bombarded with controversies.
Quirino was believed to be the
most corrupt. Purchased a very
expensive Golden Orinola
using government money.
Philippine House
of
Representatives
Elected as a senator
Member of the
Philippine
independence missions
He was also elected to the convention that drafted a constitution for the new
Philippine Commonwealth. Subsequently he served as secretary of finance
and secretary of the interior in the Commonwealth government.
1919 - 1925
1925 - 1931
1934
of
Representatives
Elected as a senator
Member of the
Philippine
independence missions
He was also elected to the convention that drafted a constitution for the new
Philippine Commonwealth. Subsequently he served as secretary of finance
and secretary of the interior in the Commonwealth government.
1919 - 1925
1925 - 1931
1934
A SERIOUS THREAT IN THE FORM OF
THE COMMUNIST-LED HUKBALAHAP
(HUK) MOVEMENT. THOUGH THE HUKS
ORIGINALLY HAD BEEN AN ANTI-
JAPANESE GUERRILLA ARMY IN LUZON,
THE COMMUNISTS STEADILY GAINED
CONTROL OVER THE LEADERSHIP
HUK COMMANDER LUIS TARUC BROKE
DOWN IN 1948, TARUC OPENLY
DECLARED HIMSELF A COMMUNIST
AND CALLED FOR THE OVERTHROW OF
THE GOVERNMENT.
THE COMMUNIST-LED HUKBALAHAP
(HUK) MOVEMENT. THOUGH THE HUKS
ORIGINALLY HAD BEEN AN ANTI-
JAPANESE GUERRILLA ARMY IN LUZON,
THE COMMUNISTS STEADILY GAINED
CONTROL OVER THE LEADERSHIP
HUK COMMANDER LUIS TARUC BROKE
DOWN IN 1948, TARUC OPENLY
DECLARED HIMSELF A COMMUNIST
AND CALLED FOR THE OVERTHROW OF
THE GOVERNMENT.
PERSONAL LIFE AND CHARACTER
NOVEMBER 16, 1890
VIGAN PROVINCIAL JAIL
IN VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR
PARENTS
MARIANO QUIRINO Y
QUEBRAL OF CAOAYAN,
ILOCOS SUR
GREGORIA RIVERA Y
MENDOZA OF AGOO, LA
UNION
VIGAN PROVINCIAL JAIL
IN VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR
PARENTS
MARIANO QUIRINO Y
QUEBRAL OF CAOAYAN,
ILOCOS SUR
GREGORIA RIVERA Y
MENDOZA OF AGOO, LA
UNION
Elpidio Rivera Quirino was a Filipino lawyer and politician who
served as the 6th President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953.
A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a
representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925.
Quirino attended the University of the Philippines in Manila. In
1915, he earned his law degree from the university's College of
Law, and was admitted to the bar later that year. He was engaged
into the private practice of law. During his early years as an adult
he was inducted into the Pan Xenia Fraternity, a professional trade
fraternity in the University of the Philippines, in the year 1950
served as the 6th President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953.
A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a
representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925.
Quirino attended the University of the Philippines in Manila. In
1915, he earned his law degree from the university's College of
Law, and was admitted to the bar later that year. He was engaged
into the private practice of law. During his early years as an adult
he was inducted into the Pan Xenia Fraternity, a professional trade
fraternity in the University of the Philippines, in the year 1950
ALICIA JIMENEZ SYQUIA QUIRINO
JANUARY 16, 1921
TOMÁS, ARMANDO, NORMA,
VICTORIA, AND FE ANGELA
FAMILY WERE LIVING IN ERMITA,
MANILA WHEN THEY WERE CAUGHT IN
THE CROSSFIRE BETWEEN AMERICAN
SHELLS AND JAPANESE MACHINE GUNS
DURING THE LIBERATION OF MANILA.
SHE DIED ALONG WITH THREE OF HER
FIVE CHILDREN, HER MOTHER AND A
BROTHER-IN-LAW.
JANUARY 16, 1921
TOMÁS, ARMANDO, NORMA,
VICTORIA, AND FE ANGELA
FAMILY WERE LIVING IN ERMITA,
MANILA WHEN THEY WERE CAUGHT IN
THE CROSSFIRE BETWEEN AMERICAN
SHELLS AND JAPANESE MACHINE GUNS
DURING THE LIBERATION OF MANILA.
SHE DIED ALONG WITH THREE OF HER
FIVE CHILDREN, HER MOTHER AND A
BROTHER-IN-LAW.
PACO CEMETARY
VICTORIA “VICKY” QUIRINO
First Lady of the Philippines
VICTORIA “VICKY” QUIRINO
First Lady of the Philippines
World War II
and Japanese
Occupation
During World War II, the Philippines
endured a brutal Japanese
occupation from 1942 to 1945.
Quirino's experiences during this
period, including his involvement in
the Philippine government-in-exile
and his advocacy for Filipino
independence, shaped his political
outlook.
Filipinos staged guerrilla resistance
against the Japanese until 1945. The
Philippines was liberated from
Japanese control by Allied forces in
1944. The Philippines was granted
full independence by the United
States in 1946
and Japanese
Occupation
During World War II, the Philippines
endured a brutal Japanese
occupation from 1942 to 1945.
Quirino's experiences during this
period, including his involvement in
the Philippine government-in-exile
and his advocacy for Filipino
independence, shaped his political
outlook.
Filipinos staged guerrilla resistance
against the Japanese until 1945. The
Philippines was liberated from
Japanese control by Allied forces in
1944. The Philippines was granted
full independence by the United
States in 1946
Following the end of World War II and the reestablishment of
Philippine independence, the country faced significant social
and economic challenges. The Hukbalahap, a communist-led
guerrilla movement formed during the war against the
Japanese, continued their armed struggle against the
government, citing grievances related to land reform,
corruption, and social inequality. Quirino's presidency saw the
peak of the Hukbalahap insurgency, which posed a severe
threat to national stability.
Hukbalahap
Insurgency
1946 - 1954
the Filipinos offered strong resistance against the Japanese.
After the fall of Bataan to the Japanese (April 1942),
organized guerrilla bands carried on the fight for the remainder
of the occupation period. The Hukbalahap organization proved
highly successful as a guerrilla group and killed many
Japanese troops. The Huks regarded wealthy Filipinos who
collaborated with the Japanese as fair targets for
assassination, and by the end of the war they had seized most
of the large estates in central Luzon. They established a
regional government, collected taxes, and administered their
own laws
Philippine independence, the country faced significant social
and economic challenges. The Hukbalahap, a communist-led
guerrilla movement formed during the war against the
Japanese, continued their armed struggle against the
government, citing grievances related to land reform,
corruption, and social inequality. Quirino's presidency saw the
peak of the Hukbalahap insurgency, which posed a severe
threat to national stability.
Hukbalahap
Insurgency
1946 - 1954
the Filipinos offered strong resistance against the Japanese.
After the fall of Bataan to the Japanese (April 1942),
organized guerrilla bands carried on the fight for the remainder
of the occupation period. The Hukbalahap organization proved
highly successful as a guerrilla group and killed many
Japanese troops. The Huks regarded wealthy Filipinos who
collaborated with the Japanese as fair targets for
assassination, and by the end of the war they had seized most
of the large estates in central Luzon. They established a
regional government, collected taxes, and administered their
own laws
Quirino
Administration
(1948-1953)
Elpidio Quirino assumed the presidency in
1948 following the sudden death of President
Manuel Roxas. His administration prioritized
efforts to address the Hukbalahap insurgency,
implementing military campaigns alongside
attempts at agrarian reform and social
welfare programs. Industrial ventures
heightened, irrigation improved, and the road
system developed. He also set up the Central
Bank and Rural banking. Many people were
benefited by his programs and policies.
However, his presidency was also marred by
allegations of corruption and electoral fraud.
Administration
(1948-1953)
Elpidio Quirino assumed the presidency in
1948 following the sudden death of President
Manuel Roxas. His administration prioritized
efforts to address the Hukbalahap insurgency,
implementing military campaigns alongside
attempts at agrarian reform and social
welfare programs. Industrial ventures
heightened, irrigation improved, and the road
system developed. He also set up the Central
Bank and Rural banking. Many people were
benefited by his programs and policies.
However, his presidency was also marred by
allegations of corruption and electoral fraud.
Last Political
Journey and
Legacy
After losing the 1953 presidential election to
Ramon Magsaysay, Quirino remained active in
politics, though his influence waned. He
continued to advocate for social and economic
reforms until his death on February 29, 1956.
Quirino's legacy is complex, with assessments
of his presidency varying widely. While he
made efforts to modernize the Philippines and
address social issues, his administration was
also marked by controversies and failures,
particularly in handling the Hukbalahap
insurgency and endemic corruption.
Journey and
Legacy
After losing the 1953 presidential election to
Ramon Magsaysay, Quirino remained active in
politics, though his influence waned. He
continued to advocate for social and economic
reforms until his death on February 29, 1956.
Quirino's legacy is complex, with assessments
of his presidency varying widely. While he
made efforts to modernize the Philippines and
address social issues, his administration was
also marked by controversies and failures,
particularly in handling the Hukbalahap
insurgency and endemic corruption.
THANK YOU
etiwan De Guzman Dibangkitun Disomangcop Fontanoza
etiwan De Guzman Dibangkitun Disomangcop Fontanoza
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