Emasculation ,bagging and crossing

i think is more useful for botany students.to know about the hydrid techniques in plants.

1. EMASCULATION,BAGGING AND CROSSING SUBMITTED BY: A.MOHAMED MANSUR ALI 1-M.Sc (BOTANY) ROLL.NO:19PA7763

2. HYBRIDIZATION The Crossing Of Two Genetically Different Parent Plantsis Called Hybridization . The Resulting Of Offspiring Are Called Hybrids . Types: 1.Emasculation 2.Bagging 3.Crossing

3. 1.EMASCULATION: The Removal Of Stamens From Flowers Of Female Parent Before The Dehiscence Of Anthers ,Is Called Emasculation. It Is Done In A Few Hours Before The Opening Of The Flower Buds. Emasculation Is Used To Avoid Self Pollination. It Is Necessary For All Bisexual Flowers,not Required For Unisexual Flowers. If Flowers Are Large To Do Manual Emasuculation . Forceps Or Scissor Method.e.g:paddy,wheet,etc . If Flowers Are Very Small In Sized Emasculation Is Done With Using Hot Water Method.e.g:Sorgum,Barly,etc .

4. BAGGING: After the emasculation , the flowers or panicles are enclosed in a paper bag to protect them from contaminating pollen grains. In most cases bagging maybe done in the evening. The bags are tied at the base using a thread. The male and female flowers are bagged separetly to prevent the entry of pollen grains from outside. Bags are removed from male plants after collecting the pollen grains from the stamens. On other hand ,bags are retained on female flowers and panicles upto the stages of seed deveolpment .

5. CROSSING: The transefer of pollengrains collected from male plant to emasculated female flowers is called crossing orartificial cross pollination. It involves the collection of pollen from desired male plant and putting them on the pistill of emasculated flower. The stamens are gently teased with a forceps to release the pollen from them and it collected from petridish . Crossing is usually done in morning.

6. Thank you...