Embryology of eye

My first presentation in my department ,.. Elementary and very important to proceed with the subject,..

1. Rajvin Samuel Ponraj

2. Embryogenesis :
Organisation and development of the
primary layers of the developing embryo
After fertilization - sequential formation
of three cell masses

4. Organogenesis:

process in which segregatory cells become
rudimentary organs

5. Derivatives of embryonic tissues
Neural Crest

6.  Neural crest
Corneal keratocytes,
Cornea endothelium
Trabecular meshwork,
Stroma of the iris and choroid,
Ciliary muscle,
Fibroblasts of the sclera, the vitreous, and the optic
nerve meninges.,
Extraocular muscles,
Subepidermal layers of the eyelids.

7.  Surface ectoderm
lens
the lacrimal gland
the epithelium of the cornea
 conjunctiva
epidermis of the eyelids

8.  Neuro ectoderm
 optic vesicle and optic cup
 Retinal pigment epithelium
 Ciliary epithelium
 Iris muscles
 optic nerve fibers and glia.

9. Mesoderm
Vitreous
Extra ocular & lid muscles
Orbital and ocular vascular endothelium

10. 3 to 4 week stage of embryo

11. 2 nd month stage of embryo

12. j
3 rd month stage of embryo

13. 4 th month stage of embryo

14. 5 th month to birth

15. At birth :
Anterior – posterior diameter : 16.5 mm
Anterior chamber – shallow
Lens - spherical
Cornea diameter = 10 mm
Orbit is divergent to 50 degrees
Myelination occurs till lamina cribrosa
Retina except macula is fully differentiated
and formed

16. Post natal period :
Fixation completed by 6 months
Macula formed by 6 months
Steropsis and accomadation by 6 months
Cornea reaches adult size by 2 years
Lens develops throughout life

17. RETINA
It develops from the optic cup.
The outer layer of the optic cup is the pigment layer.
The neural layer is formed from the inner layer of the
optic cup.

18. MACULA
It develops as a result of localized increase of
superimposed nuclei in the ganglion cell layer,
lateral to the optic disc.

19. Optic nerve
Develops from glial cells of neuro
ectodermal cells and axons fron ganglion
cells with meningeal coverings forming the
optic nerve sheets

20. Lens
The posterior wall begin to elongate anteriorly
and form long fibers that gradually fill the lumen
of the vesicle.
The secondary lens fibres start from equator
region elongate towards anteriorly and soon
detach to form the next lens fibre layer

22. Migration of neural crest cells
1 st wave – corneal and trabecular
endothelium
•2 nd wave - corneal stroma
•3 rd wave - Iris stroma

23. Vitreous
Primary vitreous
Secondary vitreous
Tertiary vitreous

24. SCLERA :
This tough outer fibrous coat is formed
from the condensation of the mesenchyme around
the optic cup
CHOROID:
This inner vascular layer is formed from
the mesenchyme surrounding the optic vesicle.

25. Ciliary glands and eyelashes develop as
outgrowths of epithelial buds
Eyelid develop from surface ectoderm
Lacrimal glands develop as ectodermal buds
superolaterally into mesenchyme

26. Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct develop
from ectoderm - nasolacrimal furrow which gets
burried into a cord

27. Part Derived from
Lens Surface ectoderm
Retina Neuroectoderm (optic cup)
Vitreous Mesoderm
Choroid Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?)
Ciliary body Mesoderm
Ciliary muscles Mesenchymal cells covering the developing ciliary body
(neural crest)
Iris Mesoderm
Muscles of the irisNeuroectoderm (from optic cup)
Sclera Mesoderm (infiltrated by neural crest cells?)
Cornea Surface epithelium by ectoderm, substantia propria and
inner epithelium by neural crest
Conjunctiva Surface ectoderm
Blood vessels mesoderm
Optic nerve Neuroectoderm. Its covering (pia, arachnoid and dura) are
derived from mesoderm
Summary of various part of the eye ball.

28.  THANK YOU