Emergency Action Plan pada manufacturing, gedung dan system industri

Safety Plant

1. OSHAcademy Course 717
Emergency Action Plans

2. Objectives
1.Introduce Best Practices for Emergency Action
Plans, Fire Prevention Plans and Employee Alarm
Systems
2.Help on how to create and maintain an emergency
action plan.
3.Discuss a vulnerability analysis

3. Instructor Name
Position
Company Name
Phone Number
Email address

(Replace graphic and name with
your information)

4. U.S. STANDARDS WHICH SPECIFICALLY REQUIRE AN
EMERGENCY ACTION AND FIRE PREVENTION PLAN
1910.119 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
• Process Safety Management
1910.120 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
• Hazardous Waste Operations
1910.157 FIRE PROTECTION
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
1910.160 FIRE PROTECTION
• Fixed Extinguishing Systems
1910.164 FIRE PROTECTION
• Fire Detection Systems
1910.272 SPECIAL INDUSTRIES
• Grain Handling Facilities
1910.1047 TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
• Ethylene Oxide
1910.1050/1926.60: TOXIC AND HAZARD
SUBSTANCES
• Methylenedianil (MDA)

5. ….and more on OSHA’s Portable Fire
Extinguisher standard:
An emergency action plan and fire prevention
plan is required when:
▪The employer requires a total evacuation of
the workplace regardless if extinguishers are
provided (but not intended for employee use)
or not.
▪The employer provides fire extinguishers and
designates certain employees to use them
and all other employees evacuate.

6. What is an emergency?
An emergency is any unplanned event that can cause
death or significant injury to employees, customers, or
the public.

7. An emergency can...
•shut down your business or organization
•disrupt operations
•cause physical or environmental damage
•threaten the facility’s financial standing
•damage public image

8. What workplace emergencies have you
personally witnessed or known details about
from first-hand observers?
What happened?
How many people were effected?

9. What was the loss in human
tragedy? Property damage?
Was the business, industry, or organization
impacted as a result of the emergency that
occurred?
How?

10. Emergencies businesses can experience
include:
•Natural Disasters
•Technological
•Human

11. Name some emergencies as a result of natural
disasters...

12. What about earthquakes? (replace with maps of your local
area)
(REPLACE WITH LOCAL GEOLOGICAL MAPS)

13. What about volcanoes?

14. What about floods?

15. What about technological emergencies?

16. What about human emergencies?

17. Emergency management is a comprehensive
system set up to address and handle natural and
man-made hazards.
What is emergency management?

18. Emergency management has four primary parts:
1. Prevention 2. Preparing 3. Responding 4. Recovery

19. In an ideal world, we would practice the first
two steps, prevention and preparedness, and
go no further.
However, we need to also consider response
and recovery programs.

20. The Six Elements of an Emergency Action Plan
1.Procedures for emergency escape and escape
route assignments
2.Procedures to follow for emergency operation or
shutdown of critical equipment before evacuation

3.Procedures to account for all employees after
emergency evacuation

21. 4.Procedures to follow for rescue and medical duties
5.Procedures for reporting fires and other
emergencies
6.Names and regular job titles of persons or
departments who can be contacted for further
information or explanation of plan duties.

22. The Five Elements of a Fire
Prevention Plan
1. A list of all major fire hazards including:
▪proper handling and storage,
▪potential ignition sources and their control,
▪type of fire protection equipment necessary
2.Procedures to control accumulations of flammable
and combustible waste materials

23. 3.Procedures for regular maintenance of safeguards
on heat producing equipment
4.Names or job titles of employees responsible for
maintaining equipment
5.Names or job titles of those responsible for control
of fuel source hazards

24. Employee Training and
Review
Employers must designate employees to assist in the
safe emergency evacuation of other employees.
These designated employees must receive training in
emergency evacuation procedures.
What should this training address?

25. Training for all employees should address:
▪Individual roles and responsibilities.
▪Information about threats and hazards
▪Protective actions.
▪Notification and communication procedures.
▪Warning signals and procedures.
▪Means for locating family members.
▪Emergency response procedures.
▪Evacuation, shelter and accountability procedures.
▪Location and use of emergency equipment.
▪Emergency shutdown procedures.

26. Emergency action training can take many
forms.
What methods do you like?
Each employee must receive a review of the
emergency action plan and fire prevention plan.
Each employee must be informed of
▪the fire hazards in their work area
▪the criteria for self-protection as outlined in the fire
prevention plan

27. At a minimum, the review must be
accomplished
▪when either the plan or the employee’s job is new
▪when the employee’s responsibilities under the plan
change
▪when the plan changes.
Should visitors to your facility receive some sort
of review?

28. •Describe to the workers the alarm system used
•Can be paging systems, audible tones, detectors, word-
of-mouth, visual systems, tactile devices, vibration, air
fans, etc.

•Alarm must be capable of being perceived above
ambient noise or light levels by all employees affected.
Warning Systems and
Emergency Alarms

29. •Tactile devices, vibration, or forced air may be used to
alert those who would not otherwise be able to
recognize an audible or visual alarm.
•The alarm must be distinctive and recognizable as a
signal to evacuate the work area or to perform actions
designated under your emergency action plan
•Where a communication system also serves as an
alarm system, all emergency messages shall have
higher priority over all non-emergency messages.

30. What is your alarm system?
How is your alarm system actuated and
transmitted?

31. Test alarm systems monthly. One
company conducted its first test of a
sophisticated alarm system 21 years
after the system was installed. Rather
than alarm bells, it played Christmas
music!

32. Developing your Emergency Action Plan
• Analyzing Capabilities
• Vulnerability Analysis
• Direction & Control
• Communications
• Emergency Evacuation
Procedures
• Plan Evaluation

33. Mitigation is hazard identification and control!
Prevention

34. Preventative actions can also include:
▪Promoting sound land use planning
▪Relocating or elevating structures out of the
floodplains
▪Securing shelves and water heaters to nearby walls
▪Installing hurricane straps to secure structures
▪Developing and enforcing effective building codes
▪Engineering roads/bridges to withstand earthquakes
▪Using fire-retardant materials in new construction
▪Developing and implementing a plan in your
business or community to reduce your susceptibility
to hazards

35. An emergency action team can be very effective in
preparing and developing an emergency action plan.
Of course, this emergency action planning team can be
in addition to the “team” you may already have
established!
The !
Who should be on the team?

Preparing
Safety Committee

36. Review Internal Plans and Policies
What documents will you look for?
▪ Evacuation Plan
▪ Fire Protection Plan
▪ Safety & Health Program
▪ Environmental Policies
▪ Security Procedures
▪ Insurance Programs
▪ Finance/Purchasing Procedures
▪ Capital Improvement Program

Analyze Capabilities and Hazards
▪Plant Closing Policy
▪Employee Manual
▪Hazardous Materials Plan
▪Risk Management Plan
▪Mutual Aid Agreements

37. Supporting documents
What other documents will you need in an
emergency?

38. ▪Emergency call lists (wallet size if possible)
▪Building & site maps that indicate utility shutoffs
▪Water hydrants, water main valves, & water lines
▪Gas main valves & gas lines
▪Electrical cutoffs, electrical substations, storm drains,
& sewer lines
▪Location of each building; Floor plans
▪Alarms and enunciators, fire extinguishers, & fire
suppression systems
▪Exits & stairways
▪Designated escape routes
▪Restricted areas
▪Hazardous materials
▪etc.

39. Meet with outside groups
What sources of information will you seek
out?

40. ▪Fire Department
▪Police Department
▪Community Emergency Management
Office
▪Mayor’s Office
▪Local Emergency Planning Committee
▪Emergency Medical Services
Organizations
▪Hospitals and the Red Cross
▪National Weather Service
▪Public Works Department
▪Telephone Company
▪Electric Utilities

41. Identify Codes and Regulations
Where will you look for these codes
and regulations?

• OSHA
• Emergency Management
• Environmental regs
• Seismic safety codes
• Transportation regs
• Uniform Building Code

•Life Safety Code
•Zoning regs
•Corporate policies
•Public agency policies
•Law libraries
•Internet

42. Identify Critical Products, Services, and
Operations
What areas will you review?
Areas to review:
•Products and/or services provided by suppliers
•Lifeline services like electricity, water, sewer, gas,
telecommunications, and transportation

43. Identify Internal Resources and Capabilities
What resources and capabilities will you need in an
emergency?
•Personnel like hazardous materials response team,
emergency medical services, & evacuation team;
•Fire protection and suppression equipment,
communications equipment, warning systems,
emergency power equipment;
•Facilities like emergency briefing areas; and
•Organizational capabilities, including evacuation plan
and employee support system.

44. Identify External Resources
Many external resources may be needed in the event of
an emergency.
Remember…
•community emergency workers like paramedics,
police, and firefighters will focus their response
where the need is greatest, or they may be victims
themselves
•response to your facility may be delayed

45. What ones might you need?

•Emergency Management Division
•Fire department, emergency medical services,
hospital, local and state police, community service
organizations, utilities, suppliers of emergency
equipment, and insurance carrier.
In (enter your local area) , it is the…
(Enter the address of your Emergency responders.)

46. What else must be addressed when considering
outside resources?
▪ Plan ahead! Make arrangements with
them when developing your plan.
▪Some may require written agreements.

47. Do an insurance review
Meet with insurance carrier to review all policies.

48. Vulnerability Analysis
The process involves assigning probabilities,
estimating impact, and assessing resources,
using a numerical system.

49. TYPE OF EMERGENCY
Historical
Geographic
Technological
Practices and Conditions
Physical
Regulatory

50. Analyze each potential emergency from
beginning to end
Consider what could happen as a result of:
•Prohibited access to the facility
•Loss of electric power
•Communication lines down
•Ruptured gas mains
•Water damage
•Structural damage
•Air or water contamination
•Explosion
•Building collapse
•Trapped persons
•Chemical release

51. ESTIMATE PROBABILITY.
•In the probability column, rate the likelihood of each
emergency’s occurrence.
•This is a subjective consideration, but useful
nonetheless.
•Use a simple scale of 1 to 5 with 1 as the lowest
probability and 5 as the highest.

52. ASSESS THE POTENTIAL HUMAN IMPACT.
•Analyze the potential human impact of each
emergency - the possibility of death or injury.
•Assign a rating in the Human Impact column of the
Chart. Use a 1 to 5 scale with 1 as the lowest impact
and 5 as the highest.

53. ASSESS THE POTENTIAL PROPERTY IMPACT.
•Consider the potential property for losses and
damages.
•Again, assign a rating in the Property Damage column,
1 being the lowest impact and 5 being the highest.
•Consider:
✓Cost to replace;
✓Cost to set up temporary replacement; and
✓Cost to repair.

54. ASSESS THE POTENTIAL BUSINESS IMPACT.
•Consider the loss of market share.
•Assign a rating in the Business Impact column.
•Again, use 1 as lowest, 5 as highest impact.
•Consider:
✓Business interruption;
✓Employees unable to report to work;
✓Customers unable to reach the site;
✓Company in violation of contracts;
✓Imposition of fines, penalties, and legal costs;
✓Interruption of supplies;
✓Interruption of product distribution.

55. ASSESS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES.
•Assess your resources and ability to respond.
•Can we respond?
•Will external resources be able to respond as quickly
as we need them?
•If the answer is, “No,” then you may need to develop
additional emergency procedures, add training,
acquire additional equipment, establish mutual aid
agreements, or contract with specialized services.

56. ADD THE COLUMNS.
•Total the scores for each emergency.
•The lower the score the better.
•While this is subjective, the comparisons will help
determine planning and resource priorities.

57. Direction & Control
Communications
Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Coordination
Evaluation
Developing The Plan

58. What will I take back with me?
Workplace emergencies I could expect include:
The two steps of emergency management I want
to focus on are
____________ & ______________
Prevention Preparation

59. Based on the emergencies I listed above, what
prevention methods/strategies has my employer
established and implemented?
Based on the emergencies I listed above, what
prevention methods/strategies should be established
and implemented?
My emergency action team will include:

60. A primary function in preparing your emergency action
plan is analyzing your capabilities and hazards. Many
steps are involved in this analysis including:
•Reviewing _________ plans, policies, and supporting
documents.
•Meeting with ________ groups.
•Identifying __________ and regulations.
•Identifying critical products, ___________, and
operations.
•Identifying internal _____________ and capabilities.
•Identifying ____________ resources.
•Conducting an ______________ review.
internal
outside
codes
services
resources
external
insurance

61. And a ________________ ____________ is an effective
tool to gain a better understanding of where you are in
terms of resources versus the risks involved.
Vulnerability Analysis

62. Have we established direction and control (or
chain of command) in case of an emergency?
If not, can we establish an emergency operating
center (EOC)?
Where do we begin?

63. At a minimum, OR-OSHA requires the following
components to be included in your emergency
action plan:
Emergency escape ______________ and escape route
_______________
Procedures to be followed by ______________ who
remain to operate critical plant _______________ before
they evacuate
Procedures to __________ for all employees after
emergency _____________ has been completed

procedures
assignments
employees
operations
account
evacuation

64. Rescue and __________ duties for those employees
who are to perform them
The preferred means of ______________ fires and other
emergencies
_________ and regular _______ titles of persons or
departments who can be contacted for further
information or explanation of plan duties
medical
reporting
Names Job

65. Do we have effective emergency
communications? If not, what should we have?
Do we have effective warning and/or alarm
systems? If not, what should we have?
Do we have an emergency evacuation plan
established? If not, where do we begin?

(hint: develop a checklist, coordinate with outside
organizations, etc.)

66. Training for all employees will address:
•Individual roles and responsibilities
•information about threats, hazards, and protective
actions
•notification, warning, and communication
procedures
•means for locating family members during an
emergency
•emergency response procedures
•evacuation, shelter and accountability procedures
•location and use of emergency equipment
emergency shutdown procedures, etc.
We will also conduct drills ________________ a year!!!at least once
What is my role? Where should I go?

67. Thanks for coming!
Before you run, please
complete the evaluation!