Emergency management

This slides deals with the management of various emergencies before reaching to hospital. The emergency management of snake bite, heat stroke,CPR methods, trauma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperglycemia, hypoglycaemia, and organophosphate poisoning is mentioned here

1. DEVDAHA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

2. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT #TIME_MATTERS #EACH_SECOND_COUNTS

3. SNAKE BITE ( सर्पदंस) Lay the victim down and keep him/her calm. Call the ambulance. Apply firmly the bandage in the whole limb beginning from toe or finger.

4. Don’t bandage the toes or fingers. Bitten limb should be placed below heart level. Mark the bite site with pen or dust. Apply the splint. SNAKE BITE ( सर्पदंस)

5. Bites to the trunk A pply firm pressure over the bitten area. Do not restrict chest movement. Keep the patient still. Bites to the head or neck No first aid for bitten area. Keep the patient still. SNAKE BITE ( सर्पदंस)

6. Don’t do: Interfere with bite. Suck by mouth. Apply chemicals or electricity. Cooling agents on the bite. SNAKE BITE ( सर्पदंस)

7. HEAT STROKE SYMPTOMS Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating. Hallucinations/illusion Chills/shiver High body temperature Headache Slurred (Indistinct) speech Dizziness (falling sensation)

8. FIRST AID Call the ambulance. Move the person to cool shaded area. Cool the person by: Soaking their clothes with water Spraying, sponging or showering them with water. Fanning their body. HEAT STROKE

9. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) Should be done when someone is unresponsive and not breathing. Step-1 Take 5-10 seconds to check breathing and circulation. STEP-2 Maintain airway.

10. STEP-3 Place the heel of one hand in center of chest. Place other hand on top. Interlock the fingers. STEP-4 Compress the chest(30 times in 18 seconds). Depth: 3-5 cm Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR)

11. STEP-5 Give rapid and deep breathe two times. Again continue from STEP-4. (Continue till help arises) Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) Never perform CPR in HEALTHY individuals.

12. TRAUMA CAUSES Vehicle accident Fall from a height Dive into shallow water Sport accidents SYMPTOMS History of accident Bleeding Pain at or below the injury site Weakness Loss of movement below injury site

13. FIRST AID Call the ambulance. Ensure your safety. Always remember ABC. A=airway B=breathing C=circulation TRAUMA

14. Don’t move the casualty unless he/she is in danger. If he/she is in danger, take him to safe place. Carefully support the casualty in his position. Find the source of bleeding and remove the clothing over wound . TRAUMA

15. Take any clean cloth and cover the wound. Apply continuous pressure with both hands directly on top of the bleeding wound to stop bleeding. TRAUMA

16. Wrap the tourniquet around the bleeding arm or leg 2 to 3 inches above the bleeding site. Note the time the tourniquet was applied. TRAUMA

17. Severe head injury Keep the person still. Stop any bleeding. Watch for changes in breathing and alertness. TRAUMA

18. EYE INJURIES(MINOR) Advise not to rub the eye. Flush the eye with clean water. If no improvement, seek medical help. TRAUMA

19. EYE INJURIES (MAJOR) Protect and cover the eye. Assist casualty to rest with head raised . Advise to keep eyes closed and not to move eyes. Do not remove anything stuck in the eye. If there is chemical in eye, flush with clean water for minimum 20 minutes TRAUMA

20. Ear injuries Remove foreign object (if present). Apply bandage and control bleeding(if bleeding). Try to attract insect by shining light in ear. TRAUMA

21. TRAUMA ,THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE

22. REMAINING CONTENTS HYPERTHYROIDISM HYPOTHYROIDISM HYPERGLYCAEMIA HYPOGLYCAEMIA ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING

23. THYROID CRISIS (HYPERTHYROIDISM) लक्ष णहरू जवरो बढनु (>११० डिग्री ) धडकन को गति बढनु पखाला लाग्नु पेट दुख्ने गलगाड हुने वजन कम हुने पसिना आउने महीना वा रिमा समस्या बच ् ने उपायहरू सब ै भन्दा पहिल े Ambulance लाई बोलाउन े चिसो कमल जीवनजल दिने पसिना पुछ ्र ने चिसो पानी दिने

24. THYROID CRISIS(HYPOTHYROIDISM) लक्ष णहरू कपाल झर्नु ठुलो अनुहार हुन ु Heart को धडकन कम हुन ु भोक न लाग्नु कब्जियत हुन ु ब ा झोपन को समस्या Thyroid को cfsf / बढनु शरीर चिसो हुने बच ् ने उपायहरू सब भन्दा पहिला Ambulance बोलाउने Tfftf ] blanket ओढन दिने Heater बाल्ने झोल पदर्थ खाने दिने मुखबाट हावा दिने

25. ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING Signs and Symptoms D Diarrhoea U Urination(frequent) M Miosis B Bradycardia B Bronchoconstriction E Emesis (Vomiting) L Lacrimation /Tear Secretion L Limp S Salivation/Sweating

26. FIRST AID Check Airway, Maintain Breathing. Remove clothing. Wash the exposed skin with clean water. Cleanse hair and skin with soap, detergent and water. Dry and Wrap in a blanket. ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING

27. HYPOGLYCAEMIA

28. Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Sweating

29. Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Headache Blurred vision Weakness

30. Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Confusion Anxiety

31. HYPERGLYCEMIA

32. CAUSES OF HYPERGLYCEMIA

33. Management of hyperglycemia Signs/symptoms of high blood sugar Check your blood sugar. <140- Treat according to Protocol Drink plenty of water / other sugar free liquids. Take diabetes medication as directed by doctor. Check your blood sugar every four hours.

34. iv. Follow your normal eating plan. Increase physical activity or exercise (Do not exercise if your blood sugar is above 240.) vi. Contact your health care provider if you find : Your blood sugar stays above normal Shortness of breath. Breath that smells fruity. Very dry mouth. Management of hyperglycemia

35. THANK YOU