Emotion-Psychology

Based on Indian Nursing Council Syllabus For B.Sc Nursing Course. Useful for GNM, B.Sc Nursing and Post Basic B.Sc Nursing Students.

1. Emotion
Mr.Visanth V S
Sherwood College of Nursing
Barabanki, UP

2. Emotion
EmotionisderivedfromaLatinword
“emovere”whichmeans“stirredup”or“to
excite”.
Soemotionistheexcitedstateorstirredup
stateofanindividualanditispurelya
privateexperience.
Anemotionisafullbody/mind/behavior
responsetoasituation.

3. Definition
Emotionisdefinedasasubjectiveresponsethat
isusuallyaccompaniedbyphysiologicalchanges
andisassociatedwithchangeinbehavior.
Stirred up state of an organism. -Woodworth

4. Nature and Characteristics of Emotions
Emotionsareuniversal
Emotionsarepersonal/unique.
Emotionsriseabruptlybutsubsideslowly.
Emotionsaretheproductofourperceptions.
Sameemotionscanbearousedbyanumber
ofdifferentstimuli,objectsandsituations.

5. Nature and Characteristics of Emotions
Wheneveranorganismisexperiencingan
emotionalotofenergyisreleased.
Emotionsbringaboutphysical,
physiologicalandpsychologicalchangesin
theorganism
Eachemotionhascertaindefinitemuscular
andovertbehavior

6. Types/Kinds of Emotions
Positiveemotions:Arethepleasantemotions
whicharebeneficial/helpfulforthe
individual.
Eg:happiness,joy,curiosityetc.
Negativeemotions:Areunpleasantemotional
experiences,itdoesn’tproduceanybeneficial
effects.
Eg:fear,angry,jealousyetc.

7. Contd….
Primaryemotions:Thesearedirectemotional
reactionstoasituation,andtheyarecalled
primarybecausetheycomefirst.
Eg:Joy,happiness,fear,shame,sadnessetc.
Secondaryemotion:Thisisanemotional
responsetoaprimaryemotion,thusanemotion
aboutwhatwefeel.
Eg:Worry,anxiety,anger,jealousyetc.

8. Components of Emotion
Responses to Emotion
Subjective experiences/ Thought action tendencies/
Internal bodily changes/Facial Expression
Cognitive Appraisal
Stimuli from Environment

9. Neuropsychology of Emotion
Dualprocessingof
emotions:
Activationofthe
amygdalaproduces
visceralresponses
Corticalactivation
allowsforuseof
memory in
understanding
emotionalstimuli

10. Changes during Emotions

11. Physical Changes in Emotions
Facialexpression:Eachemotionhasitsdefinite
facialexpressions.Variousmusclesofthefacesuch
asthemusclesoftheeyes,nose,lipsandforehead
undergochangesbytwistingandtwitching.
Muscularadjustments:Undercertainemotional
expressionsthemusclesofthebodymakeautomatic
adjustments.

12. Contd…….
Voicechanges:Voicealsotellsabouttheemotionofan
individual.
Releasingofenergy:Duringemotionsalotofenergyis
releasedtomeettheemergencysituation.Ourliver
releasesglycogenwhichgetsconvertedintoglucoseand
itgetsburntreleasingenergy.
Respirationandcirculation:Inordertosupplymore
oxygen,lungsfunctionfasterandsobreathingbecomes
shallowandfaster.Furtherthereisanincreasedblood
pressureandheartbeats.

13. Contd….
SecretoryChanges:Thereisasignificantchangein
variousglands.Theflowofthesesecretionsintheform
ofsaliva,tears,sweatsetc.
Changesinthermoregulation:Thereisachangein
temperatureofthebody.Atthetimeofintense
excitement,itgenerallygoesdown.
Digestivechanges:Duringemotionsdigestivesystem
getsaffected.Duringemotionalstateourstomachand
intestinesworkquietlyslowsometimesitincreasesthe
function.

14. Contd…
Otherchanges:
Erectionofhairs
Stimulationofsweatglands
Drynessofmouth
Pupilsbecomedilate
Rednessoftheface
Changesinbodymovements
Bloodclotsmorequicklyin
caseofwounds
Brain functioning
Emotion changes
our sensory and
perceptual
processes.

15. Psychological Changes in Emotions
Duringintenseemotionsourattentionand
perceptualprocessgetaltered.
Ourthinkingandreasoningwillbeaffected
adversely.
Learningwillbesloweddownduringemotions.
Memorywillbeinhibited.
Disorientationoftime,placeandpersonmay
experienceduringanintenseemotion.

16. Contd…..
Personmaybeunabletoconcentrateinhistasks.
Decreasedabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.
Decreaseinself-confidenceandself-esteem.
Personmaybecomedull,withdrawnand
pessimistic.
Incertainemotionsonemaybecomeaggressive,
becomehomicidalorsuicidalideas

17. Theories of Emotion
Does your heart pound because you are
afraid...or are you afraid because you
feel your heart pounding?

18. James-Lange Theory of Emotion
ThistheoryisproposedbyWilliamJamesand
CarlLange.
Thisisoneofthebestexamplesof
physiologicaltheoryofemotions.
James-Langetheorysuggeststhatemotions
occurasaresultofphysiologicalreactionsto
events.
Forexample:Iseeasnake“Iamtrembling,
thereforeIamfeared.”

19. James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Perception of an
Environmental Situation
Which Produces the Emotion
Physiological responses of
Body
Experienced Emotion

20. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
ThistheoryisproposedbyWalterCannonand
PhilipBard.
Accordingtothistheory,theemotional
experienceandphysiologicalexperiences/body
arousalbothareindependentofeachother.
Bothwillbehappeningatthesametime.

21. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Perceived Stimulus
Experienced Emotion Body Responses

22. Schachter-Singer / Two Factor Theory
ProposedbyStanleySchachterandJeromeSinger.
Theemotionalexperienceisaresultofourcognitive
labelorcognitiveappraisal.
Asaresultofthecognitiveappraisalofthesituationand
bodyarousalweexperiencetheemotion.
Forexample,ifyouexperiencearacingheartand
sweatingpalmsduringanexam,youwillprobably
identifytheemotionasanxiety.Ifyouexperiencethe
samewhileseeingasnake,youmightinterpretas
fear.

23. Schachter-Singer Theory
Body Arousal Cognitive Label
Experienced Emotion

24. Theories of Emotion