employee and Employer relations in Smritis

Employee and Employer relations in Ancient Indian law texts

1. Employee and Employer relations in Sastras and Smritis – A Study Dr. J. Avinash

2. Smritis Smriti literature refers to ancient Indian texts that are authoritative in Hinduism Smritis covers wide range of subjects, including law, ethics, rituals, and social customs. Smritis are the treatises that conditioned ethical, moral and social behavior of Hindus for centuries. Smritis can be said as the Hindu Law books or Constitutions of ancient times Smritis are 18 in number. Manu, Yagnavalkya , Narada , Apastamba , Parasara Smritis are famous

3. Sastras Sastra in Sanskrit refers to classical texts that provide systematic knowledge on various subjects. Sastras are authoritative and serve as guides in their respective fields. Sastra literature covers topics like philosophy , science, art, medicine, grammar, astrology, and more. Political and Economic Sastras like Artha Sastra deal with subjects like Politics, Administration etc. Dharma Sastras discuss   dharma   or duty from various religious, social, duties, morals and personal ethics perspective Each of six philosophical paths of Ancient Hindus, i .e., Shaddharmas , have their own Dharma Sutras and Dharma Sastras. P. V. Kane mentions over 100 different Dharmasastras , but most of these are lost to history and their existence is inferred from quotes and citations

4. Employee-Employer Rel ations The employee-employer relationship is a crucial aspect of the workplace, involving various dynamics and expectations. Outline specific academic goals by subject Employee-employer relations are crucial to workplace well-being and business success . Employee-employer relations increase work environment, job satisfaction, and company performance . Employee-employer relations depend upon factors like Employment Contract, Mutual Expectations, Function and Duties, Pay and benefits, Management of Performance, Professional Growth, Workplace Culture, Work-Life Balance, Communication, Conflict resolution and Retrenchment or Leaving the job

5. ­Objectives of the study To examine the historical context of Sastras and Smritis including their development, evolution, and the social structures of the time. To trace the evolution of guidance related to employee and employer relations in these texts over different time periods . To evaluate the ethical and moral values embedded in the texts regarding the treatment of employees and employers. To assess the impact of these values on the behavior and conduct of individuals in employment relationships. To assess the influence of Sastras and Smritis on societal attitudes and practices related to labor and employment.

6. ­Objectives of the study To investigate the potential applicability of principles from Sastras and Smritis in contemporary employment settings . To assess the alignment of these ancient guidelines with modern labor laws, human rights standards, and ethical considerations. To consider the compatibility of these practices with contemporary legal frameworks and ethical standards. To explore instances where individuals or organizations have applied the principles from Sastras and Smritis in modern employment contexts. To provide recommendations for individuals, organizations, policymakers, and scholars based on the findings of the study.

7. Existing Literature Primary Sources Smritis, Sastras and related modern Law books Banerji , Sures Chandra, . A Brief History of Dharmaśāstra . Abhinav Publications. 1999 Gerald J. L., Religion and Personal Law in Secular India: A Call to Judgment. Indiana University Press.2001 Kane , P.V., History of Dharmasastra . Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental research Institute. 1973 Mandagadde R.J.s , Legal & Constitutional History of India: Ancient legal, judicial, and constitutional system. Universal Law Publishing, 1984 Patrick O., Dharmasutras : The Law Codes of Ancient India. Oxford University Press. 1999 Patrick O., The Dharmasutras The Law Codes of Ancient India, Oxford University Press, 1999 Robert L., The Classical Law of India. University of California Press. 1973 Timothy L., Hinduism and Law: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. 2010

8. Research Gap While these ancient texts offer insights into the principles governing employee-employer relationships , there is still much room for exploration and analysis . How Sastras and Smritis affect employee-employer interactions. Compare Sastras and Smritis on employee-employer interactions to find similarities and differences. How Sastras and Smritis affected workplace social hierarchy, social class power dynamics in employment? How these books addressed employee-employer diversity, inclusion, and discrimination. How Sastras and Smritis mentioined employee-employer gender dynamics, treatment of women across texts and time? How ethical and moral ideals affect employee-employer relations in these works. How did these values affect both parties' behaviour ? How were employee-employer disputes addressed, and what were the principles? What external influences shaped this guideline over time?

9. Research Methodology Library resources would be used Academic articles or books related would be consulted Oral information would be gathered by field study Interviews with various stakeholder would be conducted Seminars and workshops would be conducted

10. Importance for society It preserves and promotes cultural and philosophical heritage through ancient books. This promotes traditional values and wisdom, preserving cultural identity . This study promotes societal peace by questioning old social practises and promoting diversity and justice. This helps society balance tradition and modernity,  maximizing  their strengths. research helps people make values-based personal and professional decisions . Sastras and Smritis' employee-employer relations study promotes ethical behaviour , social peace, and cultural preservation by connecting ancient wisdom to modern culture . It promotes a traditional society that embraces modern challenges and opportunities.

11. Expected outcome The following outcomes, timetable, and publication locations are proposed for the research on employee and employer interactions in Sastras and Smritis: Research publications on the issue, covering historical context, ethical evaluation, gender dynamics, and comparative analysis. Edited volumes with professional contributions giving a complete scientific overview. A monograph/book that analyses research and contextualizes it within the field of employee-employer relations. Policy papers for government agencies, NGOs, and others concerned in labour and employment policy. Dataset and Supplementary Material: A rich collection of text, historical references, and other pertinent data. Workshops and seminars: The suggested outputs are in multiple formats and audiences to reach scholars, policymakers, and the general public interested in the topic.