Employee safety and health

1. Managing Human ResourcesManaging Human Resources
Safety and HealthSafety and Health

2. 12–2
Strategic Importance of Workplace Safety
and Health
•Benefits of a Safe and Healthy Workforce:
Higher productivity
Increased efficiency and quality
Reduced medical and insurance costs
Lower workers’ compensation rates and payments
Improved reputation as an employer of choice

3. 12–3
Consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy
Work Environment
•Injury and Disease
Back injuries are most
prevalent
Exposure to Chemicals
Undetected effects,
possible long-term risk
•Mental Health
Psychological symptoms
can affect productivity
and life away from work
•Deaths and Violence
•Economic Costs

4. 12–4
Workplace Safety and Health in an Integrated HRM System

5. 12–5
The External Environment
•Global Consideration
There are substantial differences in national standards regarding
workplace safety and health.
•Global Organizations
International Labour Organization (ILO)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Strengthen international and national policies.
Develop practices for improving health at work.
Promote health at work through technical assistance/support.
Develop human resources for the field of occupational health.
Establish relevant and useful registration and data systems.
Raise public awareness.
Strengthen research on occupational health.

6. 12–6
Workplace Safety and Health Hazards
•Occupational Accidents
Organizational Qualities
Factors most affecting workplace accidents:
–Working conditions and times
–Tools and technology available to do the job

7. 12–7
Individual Qualities: The Unsafe Employee
•Characteristics that make people more
susceptible to accidents:
Emotionally “low”
Stressed

8. 12–8
Violent Employees
•Homicide is leading cause
of workplace deaths after
highway accidents
•Signs of potential
violence:
Verbal threats
Physical Actions
Intimidation
Show weapons
Try to gain access
Frustration
mania

9. 12–9
Occupational Diseases
•Disease-Causing Hazards:
Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, bichloromethylether
Coal dust, coke-oven emissions, cotton dust
Lead, radiation, vinyl chloride
•Workers most likely to be exposed:
Chemical and oil refinery workers, miners, textile
workers
Steelworkers, lead smelters
Medical technicians, painters, shoemakers, plastics
industry workers

10. 12–10
Diseases Linked to Workplace Hazards
•Cancer
Liver, lung, brain, kidney
•Lung Disease
White, brown, and black lung
•Leukemia
•Bronchitis, emphysema
•Lymphoma, aplastic anemia
•Central nervous system damage
•Reproductive Disorders
•Skin Diseases

11. 12–11
Accident Prevention
•Design a safe work environment
Guards, handrails
Safety goggles, helmets
Warning lights
Self-correcting mechanisms
Automatic shutoffs
•Ergonomics
Change job environment to match
capabilities limitations of employees

12. 12–12
Accident Prevention (cont’d)
•Health and Safety Committees
At the department level, do implementation and
administration
At the organization level, formulate policies
•Behavior Modification
Small percentage of workforce responsible for
majority of health insurance claims
Measure, communicate, monitor, and reinforce
desired behavior
•Assessing Intervention Effectiveness

13. 12–13
Disease Prevention
•Reducing the Incidence of Diseases
Record keeping
Monitoring exposure
Genetic screening

14. 12–14
Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA) of 1970
•Mission of OSHA
To assure the safety and health of America’s workers
by setting and enforcing standards
providing training and education
establishing partnerships with businesses
encouraging continual improvements in workplace
safety and health
Coverage of employees—all nongovernmental
employers and employees; state and local
government employees

15. 12–15
Provisions of OSHA
•OSHA Standards
Apply to general industry, maritime, construction, and
agriculture
Cover the workplace, machinery and equipment,
material, power sources, processing, protective
clothing, first aid, and administrative requirements.
•Enforcement of the Act
The Secretary of Labor is authorized by the Act to
conduct workplace inspections, to issue citations, and
to impose penalties on employers.
Inspections are conducted by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration of the Department of Labor.

16. 12–16
Creating a Safe Work Environment
Safety Awareness Safety Awareness
ProgramsPrograms
Safety Motivation Safety Motivation
and Knowledgeand Knowledge
Enforcement of Enforcement of
Safety RulesSafety Rules
Accident Accident
Investigations Investigations
and Recordsand Records
Elements in Creating a Safe Elements in Creating a Safe
Work EnvironmentWork Environment

17. 12–17
Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
•Promoting Safety Awareness
The Key Role of the Supervisor
Communicating the need to work safely.
Proactive Safety Training Program
First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention
techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency
procedures.
Information Technology and Safety Awareness and
Training

18. 12–18
Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
•Typical Safety Rules
Using proper safety devices
Using proper work procedures
Following good housekeeping practices
Complying with accident- and injury-reporting
procedures
Wearing required safety clothing and equipment
Avoiding carelessness and horseplay

19. 12–19
Creating a Healthy Work Environment
•Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards
Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes
Use substitutes for hazardous materials.
Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls.
Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.
Issue clothing to protect against hazards.
Improve ventilation.

20. 12–20
Key Elements for a Successful Ergonomics ProgramKey Elements for a Successful Ergonomics Program
•Provide notice and training for employees.
•Conduct pre-injury hazard assessment.
•Involve employees.
•File injury reports.
•Plan and execute.
•Evaluate and assess the ergonomics program.

21. 12–21
Workplace Violence
•Reducing Violence in the Workplace
Commitment to prevent violence
Identify areas of potential violence
Develop violence prevention policies
Provide violence prevention training
Evaluate program effectiveness

22. 12–22
Building Better Health
Alternative
Approaches
Wellness Programs
Health Services Focus on Nutrition

23. 12–23
Employee Health
•Cleanliness ( sewerage and sanitation)
•Air ventilation and temperature (maximum 25 – 30 degree Celsius)
Cross ventilation, required no of fans and exhaust fans
Thermometer kept in visible place
•Dust Sucker, Mask
•Lighting
•Safe drinking water
Minimum 4 ltr per day
Min 6 mtr away from toilets
Water cooler ( 250 employees and more)
3 ltr saline water if needed
Toilets
one / 25 (female) up to first 500
one / 40 (male) up to first 500

24. 12–24
Employee Safety
•Safety of building equipment and other infrastructure
•Fire fighting and safety ( emergency door, 2 per room, emergency
staircase)
•Fire fighting equipment
•Safety against electrical wearing and connections
•Crane and lift etc
•Turbine