Endemic diseases

Definition of endemic disease
the most common endemic diseases in Saudi Arabia
Scabies
diagnosis of scabies
treatment of scabies
Schistosomiasis
prevention of shidtosomiasis
MERS-VC
Corona virus
prevention of corona
Swine flu
Prevention of swine flu
AIDS
Prevention of AIDS
Primary health care

1. Endemic diseases in Saudi Arabia Primary health care seminar Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous Alfarabi college of M edicine

2. Endemic Diseases The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

3. scabies a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite Mode of transmission: 1-skin to skin contact 2-Sexual transmission 3-People living in crowded condition 4-People in child care facilities Clinical presentation: 1- I tching especially at night 2- Pimple-like rash 3- Scales or blisters 4- Sores caused by scratching Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

4. scabies Mites Where it can live This is the diagnostic rash Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

5. scabies Treatment: 1 - medications that kill the mites (Permethrin) 2- A ntihistamine pills ( Hydrocortisone cream may also help, but it can change the appearance of the scabies rash, making the condition harder to diagnose) Prevention: 1-Avoide direct skin contact with infected people 2-Regular cleaning of toys and suspected infected surfaces Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

6. Schistosomiasis definition an infection caused by parasitic flukes of the genus Schistosoma Agents: parasitic worms. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni , S. haematobium , and S. japonicum causes illness in humans; less commonly, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum can cause disease Reservoir: water, fresh water snails Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

7. Schistosomiasis Mode of Transmission: The parasite leaves the snail and enters the water where it can survive for about 48 hours. Schistosoma parasites can penetrate the skin of persons who are wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated water The prevention No vaccine is available The best way to prevent schistosomiasis is to take the following steps if you are visiting or live in an area where schistosomiasis is transmitted 1-Avoid swimming or wading in freshwater when you are in countries in which schistosomiasis occurs 2-Drink safe water Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

8. M iddle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CV) a contagious lung disease marked by fever and cough and short of breathing. Mode of transmission: 1.person to person through respiratory droplet secretion 2. From animals to people Clinical presentation: 1.fever 2.cough 3.vomting 4.diarrhea

9. Prevention Wash your hands often with soap and water. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze then throw the tissue in the trash. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. Avoid close contact with sick people No vaccine or specific treatment is currently available. Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

10. Swine flu (H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus) Swine flu is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease that results from infection with type A influenza virus In April 2009 swine flu outbreak ( pandemic ) was due to infection with the H1N1 virus and was first observed in Mexico. Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

11. Agent: type A influenza virus The incubation period: for the disease is about one to four days . Mode of transmission: 1- inhaled the pathogen(air-borne) from animal(pigs) to humans or from human to human Vaccination is the best way for prevention or reduce the chances of becoming infected with influenza viruses . The most serious complication of the flu is pneumonia Swine flu (H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus) Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

12. Definition of AIDS AIDS is a chronic disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that affects and destroys CD4 cells; which are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for the immune system. AIDS develops when the number of CD4 cells falls below 200 cells in (HIV) infected patients.  Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

13. Causative agent HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Mood of Transmission : Sexual intercourse - Blood transfusion - Sharing infected injections Mother-to-fetus infection – Breastfeeding . HIV/AIDS Prevention: Avoid forbidden sexual relations outside of wedlock. Use a condom if either partner is infected. Avoid using used syringes,‏ needles, sharp tools or razors Mohammed Sulaiman Alkahmous

14. Thank You Respect your body Fuel your body Challenge your body Move your body And most of all Love your body