Endocrine Disorders.pdf

A malfunction in the endocrine systems (either the glands, hormones, receptors or organs impacted by hormones) can cause an endocrine disorder. The various dysfunctions can cause wide-ranging effects on the body. The disorders arise from the effects caused by too little or too much secretion of a hormone or problems with receiving the hormone.

1. Endocrine Disorders
Presented by- Mansi Rath
Class- MSc Zoology lll Sem
Presented to - Dr. Bindushree Baghel Ma'am

2. Endocrine disorders are medical conditions
wherein the endocrine system, which
produces hormones, does not function
correctly.
Endocrine disorders have several potential
causes, such as tumors, genetic factors, or
hormonal imbalances. Because these
conditions affect hormones, they can cause
a wide range of symptoms and influence
growth and development, metabolism,
sexual function, and mood.
Introduction

3. The body is tall which may be 7 to 8 feet.
The thyroid becomes enlarged and hyperactive.
Vision is disturbed and voice becomes deep.
The males sometimes become impotent.
The females become sterile. They develop menstrual disturbances.
Hyperglycemia is produced.
Gigantism

5. It is caused by the hyperactivity of pituitary gland in the adult.
It is characterized by the overgrowth of jaws, molar bones and the supra-orbital ridges.
The hands and feet are enlarged.
Owing to the above abnormal skeletal growths, the affected person assumes a gorilla- like appearance.
Lungs, heart, liver,kidney, pancreas, thyroid gland and adrenal gland are enlarged and hyperactive.
Males are sometimes impotent. Females become sterile.
Acromegaly

8. It is caused by the hypo-activity of the pituitary in the child.
Sexual and secondary sexual characters do not develop.
It is characterized by stunted growth.
Intelligence is normal or less than a normal human.
Dwarfism

9. Lorain-Levy type Dwarf
This type of dwarfs are produced by hypo-activity of acidophil
cells.
Sex organs and secondary sex characters do not develop hence
an adult man of 30 years looks like a child of 3 years.
Frohlich's type Dwarf
This type of dwarfism is produced in both children and adults and
is caused by a tumour of the inactive chromophobe cells and
hence by their hypo-activity.
Types of Dwarfs:

11. Cretinism
Myxoedema or Gull's Disease
Endemic or Simple Goitre
Hashimoto's Disease or Thyroiditis
Hyposecretion of
Thyroxine

12. The characteristics feature of this disease is pigeons chest.
It can be congenital (genetic) or endemic (due to iodine deficiency).
It is found in infants with stunted growth or retarded growth.
Patients show low IQ
They have low body temperature and low BMR ( basal metabolic rate)
They have low heart rate, low pulse, low BP, low sugar.
Cretinism

13. Myxo - mucus, oedema- swelling
Present in adults.
The characteristics feature of this disease is swollen face and hands due to deposition of albuminous myxomatous
tissue.
They have low body temperature and low BMR ( basal metabolic rate)
They have low heart rate, low pulse, low BP, low sugar.
Myxoedema

14. The characteristics feature of this disease is enlargement of thyroid gland due to increase in size and no. Of acinal
cells.
It is non genetic.
It is due to deficiency of iodine.
Endemic or Simple
Goitre

15. It is an auto-immune disease.
It is caused due to injury or ageing of thyroid gland.
When the Thyroxine level starts to decrease the immune system destroys the gland.
Hashimoto's Disease or
Thyroiditis

16. Critinism

Myxoedema

Endemic or simple
Goitre

17. Exophthalmic goitre
Hypersecretion of
Thyroxine

18. The characteristics feature of this disease is enlargement of the gland.
Patients show high BMR, High heart rate and pulse
They have high body temperature.
They exhibit osteoporosis due to loss of Ca and P.
They have oedema behind eyes.
Exophthalmic
goitre

19. The hyposecretion of the gland causes tetany.
This is caused due to low level of Ca.
Patients show locking of the jaws
The characteristics feature of this is spasm, twitching and pain in the muscles.
Respiration becomes rapid and noisy.
Hyposecretion of Parathyroid
gland

20. Ca level in blood increases.
Ca is taken out from the bone resulting in osteoporosis.
Ca in blood gets deposited in kidney which leads to kidney stones.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (cavities in bone) is the characteristics feature of this disorder.
Hypersecretion of Parathyroid
gland

21. Tetany

22. Addison's disease
Hyposecretion of
Aldosterone

23. This disease is characterized by bronze like pigmentation of skin
Na level in blood decreases (hyponatremia)
K level in blood increases (hyperkalemia)
Na gets eliminated from urine.
More water lost in urine results in dehydration.
Addison's disease

24. Addison's disease

25. Aldosteronism
Hypersecretion of
Aldosterone

26. Na level increases in blood.
K level decreases in blood
Blood volume increases.
High BP
Nerve irritability.
Aldosteronism

27. Cushing syndrome
Hypersecretion of
cortisol

28. Fat deposits under the skin.
It increases Na and K levels in plasma.
Blood volume increase results in high BP.
High sugar level.
Sugar excretion in urine.
Cushing syndrome

30. In females: Appearance of secondary characters of males in females like distribution of body hair, facial hair and
deepening of voice
In males: Appearance of secondary characters of females in males like the enlargement of breast - gynaecomastia.
Hypersecretion of
sex corticoids

32. Sugar level in blood increases (150mg/100ml of blood)
Breakdown of fat increases
Patients show glucose in urine.
Cholesterol level decreases.
Glycogen in muscles decreases.
Delayed wound healing.
Hyposecretion of insulin -
Diabetes mellitus

34. many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary. These are called cysts
Breakdown of fat increases
The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are called follicles.
The follicles fail to regularly release eggs.
Symptoms of this syndrome is irregular periods
Patients show polycystic ovaries or large size of ovaries.
Polycystic ovary syndrome

36. Thank you for
listening!