Endomembrane system

all about endomembrane system

1. By- Lovnish Thakur IBT-2 ST SEM (ASU2014010100099) COURSE-LIFE SCIENCE(BSBT201) School of Bioscience

2. The  endomembrane system  is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. It consist of-: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Vesicles.

3. IT is a network of membrane connected to nuclear envelope & extends throughout cell. It accounts for 50% membranes in eukaryotic cell.

4. Function-: Factory processing operations like- many metabolic processes synthesis & hydrolysis Enzymes of smooth ER help in- synthesize lipids, oils, phospholipids , steroids & sex hormones hydrolysis of glycogen (in liver) into glucose detoxify drugs & poisons (in liver) ex . alcohol & barbiturates

5. Function-: Produce proteins for export out of cell protein secreting cells packaged into transport vesicles for export

6. The Golgi apparatus functions as a factory in which proteins  received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes , plasma membrane, or secretion. Function finishes , sorts & ships cell products extensive in cells specialized for Secretion

7. flattened membranous sacs = cisternae 2 sides = 2 functions Cis face receives material by fusing with vesicles = “receiving” Trans face buds off vesicles that travel to other sites = “shipping ” (transport)

8. During path from cis to trans, products from ER are modified into final form tags, sorts, & packages materials into transport vesicles Golgi = “UPS headquarters ” Transport vesicles = “UPS trucks” delivering packages that have been tagged with their own barcodes

9. Structure membrane-bounded sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digests macromolecules enzymes & membrane of lysosomes are synthesized by rough ER & transferred to the Golgi

10. A little “stomach” for the cell, lyso – = breaking things apart, some = body. It is also called the “clean up crew” of the cell. In addition to degrading molecules taken up by  endocytosis , lysosomes digest material derived from two other routes:   phagocytosis     autophagy

11. don’t digest a biomolecule instead biomolecule collects in lysosomes lysosomes fill up with undigested material, lysosomes grow larger & larger eventually disrupt cell & organ function “Lysosomal storage diseases”are usually fatal. For e.g -: Tay -Sachs disease- lipids build up in brain cells & child dies before age 5.

12. Apoptosis = cell death critical role in programmed destruction of cells in multicellular organisms. auto-destruct mechanism-“cell suicide ” some cells have to die in an organized fashion , especially during development. e.g -: development of space between your fingers during embryonic development

13. A vacuole is a membrane-enclosed fluid filled sac found in the cells of plants including fungi. Vacuoles can be large organelles occupying between 30% and 90% of a cell by volume.

14. contribute to the rigidity of the plant using water to develop hydrostatic pressure store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals break down complex molecules. Type- Food vacuoles- phagocytosis , fuse with lysosomes Contractile vacuoles- in freshwater protists , pump excess H 2 O out of cell Central vacuoles- in many mature plant cells

15. Putting it all together…

16. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › Bookshelf bscb.org/learning-resources/ softcell -e-learning/ vacuole -plants www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › Bookshelf www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › Bookshelf www.rtsd.org/cms/lib/.../The%20Cell%20 Endomembrane %20 System . pdf https://fc.deltasd.bc.ca/~jonzon/S030AAF27.11/endomembrane%20system.pdf

17. THANK YOU