Endometrial Carcinoma - Important MCQs with Answers

High yielding questions from the topic of Endometrial Carcinoma, for MBBS UG students

1. 1).Which of the following is the most common
histological subtype of endometrial carcinoma?

+ A. Serous carcinoma

° B. Clear cell carcinoma

° C. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
¢ D. Mucinous carcinoma

2. e Answer: C. Endometroid adenocarcinoma

« Explanation: Endometroid adenocarcinoma is
the most common histological subtype of
endometrial carcinoma, accounting for
approximately 80% of cases. It is often
associated with estrogen exposure and tends
to have a better prognosis compared to other
subtypes.

3. 2).Which of the following is NOT a risk factor
for endometrial carcinoma?

A. Obesity

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Early menopause

D. Unopposed estrogen therapy

4. + Answer: C. Early menopause

* Explanation: Early menopause is not a risk
factor for endometrial carcinoma. In fact, late
menopause is a risk factor because it results in
prolonged exposure to estrogen. Other risk
factors include obesity, diabetes mellitus, and
unopposed estrogen therapy.

5. 3).The primary symptom of endometrial
carcinoma is:

+ A. Pelvic pain

« B. Abnormal uterine bleeding
° C. Weight loss

° D. Frequent urination

6. Answer: B. Abnormal uterine bleeding
Explanation: Abnormal uterine bleeding,
particularly postmenopausal bleeding, is the
most common symptom of endometrial
carcinoma. It warrants prompt evaluation to
rule out malignancy.

7. 4) Which staging system is used for endometrial
carcinoma?

e A. TNM staging
+ B. FIGO staging
+ C. Dukes staging
° D. AJCC staging

8. + Answer: B. FIGO staging

* Explanation: The International Federation of
Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging
system is used for staging endometrial
carcinoma. It takes into account the extent of
the tumor, spread to nearby tissues, and
distant metastasis.

9. 5).Which of the following treatment options is
most commonly used for early-stage
endometrial carcinoma?

* A. Chemotherapy

+ B. Radiation therapy
e C. Hormonal therapy
e D. Surgery

10. + Answer: D. Surgery

+ Explanation: Surgery, specifically a total
hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-
oophorectomy, is the primary treatment for
early-stage endometrial carcinoma. It may be
followed by adjuvant radiation or
chemotherapy depending on the stage and
histological features of the tumor

11. 6).Which of the following genetic mutations is
commonly associated with endometrial
carcinoma?

° A. BRCA1
° B. TP53
° C. KRAS
° D. PTEN

12. + Answer: D. PTEN

+ Explanation: Mutations in the PTEN gene are
commonly associated with endometrial
carcinoma, particularly in endometrioid
subtypes. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene
that helps regulate cell growth.

13. 7).Which of the following is NOT a typical
treatment modality for advanced endometrial
carcinoma?

e A. Surgery

° B. Hormonal therapy

* C. Immunotherapy

* D. Photodynamic therapy

14. ° Answer: D. Photodynamic therapy

+ Explanation: Photodynamic therapy is not
typically used in the treatment of endometrial
carcinoma. Standard treatments for advanced
disease include surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy.
Immunotherapy is also being explored in
some cases

15. 8).Which of the following is a common site for
metastasis in endometrial carcinoma?

° A. Liver
« B. Lungs
+ C. Brain
» D. Bones

16. « Answer A, Lungs

+ Explanation: The lungs are a common site for
metastasis In endometrial carcinoma. Other
common metastatic sites Include the liver and,
less frequently, bones and brain.

17. 9).What is the role of CA-125 in the
management of endometrial carcinoma?

e A. Diagnostic marker
e B. Prognostic marker
e C. Screening marker

° D. Therapeutic target

18. e Answer: B. Prognostic marker

« Explanation: CA-125 is often used as a
prognostic marker in endometrial carcinoma.
Elevated levels of CA-125 can be associated
with advanced disease and poorer prognosis.
It is not typically used as a diagnostic or
screening marker for endometrial carcinoma

19. 10).In the context of endometrial carcinoma,
what does the term "unopposed estrogen" refer
to?

« A. Estrogen produced without ovulation

+ B. Estrogen therapy without progesterone
« C. Estrogen produced during menopause
° D. Estrogen produced during pregnancy

20. © Answer: B. Estrogen therapy without
progesterone

+ Explanation: "Unopposed estrogen" refers to
estrogen therapy without the addition of
progesterone. This increases the risk of
endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma
because progesterone helps counteract the
proliferative effects of estrogen on the
endometrium.

21. 11).Which of the following imaging modalities is
most commonly used for initial evaluation of
endometrial thickness in suspected endometrial
carcinoma?

+ A, MRI

+ B,CT scan

e C. Transvaginal ultrasound
+ D. PET scan

22. e Answer: C. Transvaginal ultrasound

+ Explanation: Transvaginal ultrasound is
commonly used to evaluate endometrial
thickness in patients with suspected
endometrial carcinoma. It is a non-invasive,
readily available, and effective method to
assess the endometrium

23. 12).Endometrial carcinoma typically arises from
which part of the uterus?

+ A. Cervix

° B. Myometrium

+ C. Endometrium
° D. Fallopian tubes

24. e Answer: C. Endometrium

+ Explanation: Endometrial carcinoma arises
from the endometrium, which is the inner
lining of the uterus. The endometrium is the
tissue that thickens and sheds during the
menstrual cycle and is where the majority of
uterine cancers develop.

25. 13).Which of the following is NOT a component
of corpus cancer syndrome?

e A. Obesity

+ B. Hypertension

° C. Diabetes mellitus
° D. Hyperthyroidism

26. + Answer: D. Hyperthyroidism

* Explanation: Corpus cancer syndrome is
characterized by the presence of obesity,
hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and
endometrial carcinoma. Hyperthyroidism is

not typically associated with this syndrome.

27. 14).The primary underlying mechanism linking
the components of corpus cancer syndrome to
endometrial carcinoma is:

e A. Chronic inflammation
+ B. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
¢ C. Autoimmune response

¢ D. Genetic mutations

28. ° Answer: B. Insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinemia

+ Explanation: Insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinemia are primary mechanisms that
link the components of corpus cancer syndrome,
such as obesity and diabetes, to an increased risk
of endometrial carcinoma. These factors can lead
to higher levels of circulating estrogen, which
promotes endometrial proliferation.

29. 15).Which of the following lifestyle
modifications can help reduce the risk of corpus
cancer syndrome?

* A. Smoking cessation

° B. Increased dietary fat intake

° C. Regular physical activity

° D. Increased alcohol consumption

30. e Answer: C. Regular physical activity

+ Explanation: Regular physical activity can help
reduce the risk of corpus cancer syndrome by
improving insulin sensitivity, aiding in weight
management, and reducing hypertension and
diabetes risk.

31. 16).Patients with corpus cancer syndrome are at
an increased risk for developing which type of
endometrial carcinoma?

+ A. Serous carcinoma
¢ B. Clear cell carcinoma
e C. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma

e D. Mucinous carcinoma

32. e Answer: C. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma

+ Explanation: Patients with corpus cancer
syndrome are at an increased risk for
developing endometrioid adenocarcinoma,
the most common type of endometrial
carcinoma. This subtype is often linked to
estrogen exposure and metabolic syndrome
components.