Endoscopy-1.pptx

Radiological imaging

1. En d osco p y

2. What is Endoscopy? It is a procedure used to view and operate on the internal organs and vessels of the body.

3. Endoscopy is generally mistaken for the test limited to the digestive system alone. However, endoscopy has a wider scope.

4. ENDOSCOPY Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor. Unlike many other medical imaging technique, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

5. Arth r o s c o py for joints Col o n o s c o p y for colon Bro n c h o s c o py for lungs What are the types of Endoscopy? Based on the area investigated, endoscopy can be: Upper GI endoscopy

6. Hy s te r o s c o py for uterus Laproscopy for abdomen or pelvis What are the types of Endoscopy? Based on the area investigated, endoscopy can be: Cystoscopy for bladder

7. Surgical tool Diagnostic tool Why Endoscopy? Endoscopy can be used either as a

8. Polyps (group of Abnormal tissues) Source of bleeding Why Endoscopy? Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat: Inflammatory Bowel disease

9. T um o rs Ulc e rs Why Endoscopy? Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat:

10. How does it work?

11. Endoscope the doctor inserts a tool called an endoscope into a person’s body. Most endoscopes are thin tubes with a powerful light and tiny camera at the end.

12. There are several types of endoscopes. The length and flexibility of the endoscope depends on the part of the body the doctor needs to see. For example , an endoscope that helps a doctor examine the joints is often rigid. However, one used to view the inside of the colon is flexible.

13. Other tools used during an endoscopy Typically, an endoscope has a channel through which the doctor inserts tools to collect tissue or provide treatment. These tools include: Flexible forceps, a tool that looks like tongs, for taking a tissue sample. Biopsy forceps for removing a tissue sample or a suspicious growth. Cytology brush for taking cell samples. Suture removal forceps for removing stitches inside the body.

14. Types of endoscopy Name of procedure Name of tool Area or organ viewed How endoscope reaches target area Arthroscopy Arthroscope Joints Inserted through a small incision over the area to be viewed Bronchoscopy Bronchoscope Trachea (windpipe) and bronchi of the lungs Inserted through the mouth Colonoscopy Colonoscope Entire length of the colon and large intestine Inserted through the anus Colposcopy Colposcope Vagina and cervix A speculum is inserted into the vagina. The colposcope is placed at the opening of the vagina but does not enter it. Cystoscopy Cystoscope Inside of the bladder Inserted through the urethra

15. The procedure Step-1: Sedatives are administered

16. The procedure Step-2: Surgeon inserts an endoscope to access the target site through a small cut or

17. The procedure Step-2: Surgeon inserts an endoscope to access the target site through a small cut or a opening in the body (nose, mouth or rectum)

18. The procedure Step-4: Tissue samples are collected by passing surgical instruments through the tube.

19. Latest techniques in endoscopy Capsule endoscopy – A capsule with tiny camera is swallowed that transmits the images as it passes through.

20. Latest techniques in endoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) – Endoscopy and x-ray are combined to treat pancreatic and bile disease.

21. Latest techniques in endoscopy Chromoendoscopy – Dyes are installed before endoscopy to identify any lesions.

22. Latest techniques in endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound – High frequency sound waves are used to identify the digestive system and lung diseases.

23. Latest techniques in endoscopy Narrow band imaging – Filtered light is used for better visualization of internal organs.

24. Capsule endoscopy It is the latest technique that uses small-sized video capsule to examine the digestive tract.

25. How capsule endoscopy works? Sensors are attached on the chest ans stomach area with a data recorder attached to a belt around the waist.

26. How capsule endoscopy works? Capsule that contains camera is swallowed.

27. How capsule endoscopy works? The swallowed capsule transmits video images to the data recorder.

28. How capsule endoscopy works? The recorded images are displayed on the computer.

29. How capsule endoscopy works? The capsule is naturally passed from the body.

30. How long is the procedure? It is a daycare procedure lasting for about 30 – 60 minutes.

31. How long is the procedure? The patient stays in recovery until the effect of sedatives wear-off.

32. Before endoscopy You are advised: Not to eat or drink 12 hours before the procedure

33. Before endoscopy You are advised: Avoid strenuous activities.

34. After endoscopy It may require some time to feel well enough to go about your daily business.

35. After endoscopy Contact your doctor If any problem persists.

36. Why we need an endoscopy??? Endoscopy allows your doctor to visually examine an organ without having to make a large incision. Endoscopy is typically used to: help your doctor determine the cause of any abnormal symptoms you’re having. remove a small sample of tissue, which can then be sent to a lab for further testing; this is called an endoscopic biopsy . help your doctor see inside the body during a surgical procedure, such as repairing a stomach ulcer , or removing gallstones or tumors.

37. Your doctor may order an endoscopy if you’re having symptoms of any of the following conditions: inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease stomach ulcer chronic constipation pancreatitis gallstones unexplained bleeding in the digestive tract tumors infections blockage of the esophagus gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) unusual vaginal bleeding blood in your urine other digestive tract issues

38. LIMITATIONS Compared with other parts of the digestive tract, the small intestine is difficult for doctors to access. While a camera-tipped tube slipped down the throat can get images of the stomach and a tube inserted at the other end of the tract reveals the large intestine, no such device reaches into most of the small intestine. So, doctors rely on externally generated images

39. RIS K S The main risks are infection, over-sedation, perforation, or a tear of the stomach or esophagus lining and bleeding. Although perforation generally requires surgery, certain cases may be treated with antibiotics and intravenous fluids. Occasionally, the site of the sedative injection may become inflamed and tender for a short time. This is usually not serious and warm compresses for a few days are usually helpful.

40. TYPES OF ENDOSCOPY • • • • • • • • GASTROSCOPY COLONOSCOPY LAPAROSCOPY PROCTOSCOPY CYSTOSCOPY BRONCHOSCOPY LARYNGOSCOPY N A S O P H ARYN GO S C OPY

41. CONCLUSION Endoscopy made the minimal blood loss surgery with increased rate of healing and with less pain. Endoscopy done because of patient expectations and the gastroenterologist desire to provide the requested service. The thoracic surgery to remove a tumour located in the thoracic cavity and able to thoroughly remove it by using an endoscopy.

42. Thank you