Energy resources & types

1. ENERGY &
ENERGY RESOURCES
1

2. Energy & Energy Resources
•Energy & energy resources important to economies
–Hunter-gatherer
–Agricultural
–Industrial
2

3. Energy & Energy Resources
3
•Sources of energy for
the modern industrial
economy

4. Energy & Energy Resources
4
•Energy use related to
–Prosperity
–Quality of life
•More energy used: more GNP
per capita. Is this correct?
–but, Switzerland, Japan,
Denmark, Germany have
achieved high GNP using
less energy than USA

5. How we use Energy
5
•Electrical
–lighting (room, street,
advertising)
–heating & air conditioning
–air circulation
•Heat
–residential & commercial
buildings
–hot water
–industrial processes
•Kinetic.
–transportation
•cars
•trucks
•trains
•airplanes

6. Energy & Economy
•Electricity
•(In)efficiency: 2nd Law
•~ 75% of energy lost in generation from coal
and “stepping down” to household voltage
•Inefficient incandescent light bulbs
6

7. Electrical generation sources
7
–Fossil fuels, 66.6%
–Nuclear, 15.2%
–Hydro, 16.0%
–Renewable, 2.2%

8. Energy Formation
8
•Fossil fuels
–Coal
–Petroleum
•crude oil
•tar sands
•oil shales
–Natural gas

9. Energy Source
9
•Coal
–Fossilized plant
remains, mostly 250-
300 Million yr old
–Abundant
–Enough to last
~200 years at
present rate of
use

10. Energy & Economy
10
•Coal mining
–Subsurface mining
•Dangerous to miners
–Open cast mining
•Destroys surface
landscape
•Acid drainage

11. Energy & Economy
11
•Electrical generation from coal
–Source, quality of coal
–Emissions
–Ash disposal

12. Energy & Economy
12
•Petroleum
•crude oil
•tar sands
•oil shales
•Production
•transport
•Consumption

13. Energy & Economy
13
•Crude oil refined to:
–fuel
•gasoline
•diesel
–lubricants
•motor oil, etc.
–asphalt paving
–plastics
•By-products

14. When will we run out of oil?
14

15. Energy & Economy
15
•Other uses for petroleum: Plastics, solvents, asphalt, rubber

16. Energy & Economy
16
•Natural gas
–Clean burning
•CO
2
•H
2
O
–Difficult &
dangerous to store
and transport
•Pipelines
•Liquid natural gas

17. Energy & Economy
17
•Alternatives to
fossil fuels
–Nuclear
energy

18. Energy & Economy
18
•Alternatives to fossil fuels
–Nuclear power for electrical generation

19. Energy & Environmental Impact
19

20. Energy & Economy
20
•Alternatives to fossil fuels
–Biomass energy
•Wood
•Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
•Vegetable oil
–Land dedicated to biomass
production
•Unavailable for food
•Nutrient depletion

21. Energy & Economy
21
•Alternatives to fossil fuels
–Hydroelectric energy
–Dams

22. Energy & Economy
22
•Alternatives to fossil
fuels
–Wind energy

23. Energy & Economy
Solar Energy
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24. Energy & Economy
24
•Alternatives to fossil fuels
–Hydrogen fuel cells
•Used in space capsules,
shuttles, International
Space Station, since 1960s
•Strip hydrogen atoms of
electrons
–Electrons flow
(current)
–Protons pass through
membrane
–Waste = water vapor

25. Energy Conservation
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•Drive less
–Carpool
–Mass Transport
–Walk, bike
•Drive a more
efficient car
•Use stairs
•Recycle
•Make home more
energy efficient
•Buy locally grown food
•Buy locally produced
goods