Energy Security Independence and Downstreaming .pptx

The essence of the article is regarding to four aspects, i.e Definitions, Focus, Dependence and Example Measures for these different three concepts

1. Energi Berkeadilan Keamanan , Swasembada dan Hilirisasi Sampe L. Purba Senior Researcher at the Centre for Strategic Legal and Policy Studies Doctor in Energy Geostrategy from Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia

2. Visi Presiden : Bersama Indonesia Maju Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045 Astacita nr 2.: mendorong kemandirian bangsa melalui … SWASEMBADA ENERGI Astacita nr 5: Melanjutkan HILIRISASI Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 2

3. Energy Security – Energy Resilience – Energy Independence Aspect Energy Security Energy Resilience Energy Independence Definition Stable supply, affordable Adapt , recover, maintain Self-sufficiency Focus Stability, affordability Flexibility , robustness Domestic production Dependence Diverse sources, imports System robustness No external reliance Example Measures Diversify, reserves, supply Backup systems , decentralize Renewables , efficiency Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 3

4. SDG and Energy Geostrategy The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 global goals set by the United Nations to address various challenges and ensure a sustainable future by 2030. No poverty , inequality, climate change , environment, peace and justice Justice or Injustice ? Donald Trump out of Paris Agreement EU and Indonesia fight in WTO regarding Crude Palm Oil Product Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 4

5. Clean Energy, Availability and Climate Protection Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 5 BP Statistical Review of world energy 2022 All Regions across the Globe 70-90% rely on FOSSIL

6. OECD vs Non OECD Primary Energy Consumption Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 6   OECD Non-OECD Total Consumption European Union Oil 87.15 109.29 196.43 21.15 Natural Gas 63.25 81.11 144.37 11.50 Coal 25.15 138.88 5.48 164.03 Nuclear Energy 16.44 8.13 24.57 5.56 Hydro Electricity 12.96 26.69 39.65 39.65 Renewables 24.96 25.62 50.58 9.35 total 229.90 389.73 619.63 56.38 Population 1.38 billions 6.665 billions 8.045 Billions 448.38 Millions BP Statistical Review of world energy 2022. unit in exajoules

7. Fossil Energy Production vs Emission Global Oil Production Rank Country Oil Production (Million Barrels/Day) Oil Reserves (Billion Barrels) Gas Reserves (Trillion Cubic Feet) Gas Production (Billion Cubic Feet/Day) Coal Reserves (Billion Tonnes) Primary Energy Consumption (Exajoules) CO₂ Emissions (Mt) Population (Million) CO₂ Emissions per Person (t) 1 United States 21.91 35 473.3 95.1 249.5 94.65 5,416 334.92 16.17 2 Saudi Arabia 11.13 267 208.1 12 9.48 635 36.08 17.6 3 Russia 10.75 80 1688 61 162.2 31.3 1,711 143.4 11.93 4 Canada 5.76 168 76.5 17.9 6.6 13.68 577 39.03 14.79 5 China 5.26 26 5440 19.4 143 145.46 10,065 1,409.00 7.14 6 Iraq 4.42 145 126.7 3.9 8.12 207 44.5 4.65 7 Iran 3.99 157.8 1201.4 23.1 1.3 12.42 648 89.17 7.27 13 UK 0.86 2 6 3.2 6.94 331 67.33 4.92 22 Indonesia 0.62 3.2 44.2 7.2 37.4 8.3 615 277.53 2.22 24 India 0.61 4.1 43.3 6.8 111 35.41 2,597 1,428.63 1.82 32 Japan 0.36 0.4 1.2 3.1 17.6 1,022 123.29 8.29 7 Geopolitics and Geostrategy Intrigues and War: Primary Energy, Climate Change, Net Zero Emission and so forth Latest Development: Trump 2.0 Policy vs Paris Agreement Gas Industry Practices,: Legal, Commercial and Policy Overview - Sampe Purba Mar-25

8. Indonesia: Primary Energy Supply Energy Source 2013 2023 Oil 48.26 29.91 Coal 24.86 39.69 Gas 22.18 17.11 Renewable Energy (EBT) 4.7 13.29 Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 8 The primary energy supply amounted to 187 million TOE in 2017 and increased to 246.4 million TOE in 2022. Est Population as per BPS 2013: 248.8 Millions 2023:278.8 MIllions

9. Oil, Gas and LPG Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 9 Pertamina (Persero) Presentation at Mandiri Investment Forum, February 2025 Issues in Dominant Players Domination Fairness Competitiveness Governance W-E : 5100 KM N-S : 1900 KM Comparable Size: Lisbon - Baku, Azerbaijan Oslo – Naples, Italy

10. Subsidy in Indonesia Year Volume of 3 kg LPG (million MT) 3 kg LPG Subsidy Spending (trillion Rp) Total Energy Subsidy (trillion Rp) 2007 0.6 None (program newly started) No available data 2020 7.1 N/A 108.84 2024 8.3 85.6 192.75 2025 8.17 87 203.41 Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 10 Source: State Budget Financial Notes (Nota Keuangan APBN)

11. Energy Compensation Table Description 2020 (trillion Rp) 2024 (trillion Rp) 2025 (trillion Rp) Fuel Compensation to Pertamina (PSO) 5.6 111.43 110 (est) Electricity Compensation to PLN (PSO) 79 17.8 80 ( est ) Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 11 Source: Various opinions of authorized officials in online media, processed

12. Graph: Effort to reduce LPG IMPORT Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 12 Presentation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, February 2025 at Mandiri Investment Forum Officials should maintain a balance of optimism and rationality. The public is well-informed and knowledgeable. The performance metrics for officials should consider long-term impacts beyond their term in office. Why not thinking of high calory BRIQUETTE

13. Justice For All : Control Mechanism: Government - Market Gas Industry Practices,: Legal, Commercial and Policy Overview - Sampe Purba 13 Mar-25

14. Selected PLN data, 2023 Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 14 Energy Produced & Primary Energy GWh Percentage (%) Coal Steam Power Plant (PLTU) 114,598.57 35.45 Gas & Steam Power Plant (PLTGU) 36,726.23 11.36 Renewable Energy 4,323.35 1.33 Sub Total - Own Production & Rental 183,980.89 56.90 Sub Total - Purchase from IPP 139,339.73 43.10 Total Energy Produced 323,320.62 100.00 Total Installed Capacity = 72,976.30 MW 65.29% in Java Total Energy Sold = 288,435.78 GWh 42.41% for Household

15. Hilirisasi / downstreaming Downstreaming ( Hilirisasi ): The process of converting raw materials into higher-value products through various production stages. Benefits of Downstreaming : Increases export value Creates job opportunities Promotes technology transfer Strengthens industrial structure Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 15

16. Nickel Supply Chain Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 16 Source: Presentation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources at the Mandiri Investment Forum, 2025 Challenged by EU in WTO DS592: Indonesia-Measures relating to raw materials .

17. Geopolitics of MINERAL Downstreaming Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 17 Graph : Global processing of selected critical minerals in 2023 Source: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2024   China dominant in Critical Minerals Global Geopolitical Monitoring US Efforts to Secure Alternative Sources Biden’s National Security Directives Continuity in US Strategy

18. Graph: Geographical distribution of the global EV battery supply chain, 2023 Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 18

19. Closing Statement : Energi Berkeadilan Mar-25 Energi Berkeadilan - Keamanan, Swasembada dan Hilirisasi - Sampe Purba 19 Ensure energy access and affordability for all. Align energy choices with sustainability goals. Pursue energy independence with comprehensive planning . Improve energy efficiency with private sector involvement. Implement downstreaming with strategic, long-term planning .

20. Thank You – Terima kasih Mar-25 Gas Industry Practices,: Legal, Commercial and Policy Overview - Sampe Purba 20 https://www.academia.edu/127986392/Energi_Berkeadilan_Keamanan_Swasembada_dan_Hilirisasi