Energy transformation (1)

THIS PT HAS DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY

1. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

2. The Law of Conservation of Energy In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another.

3. DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY There are different types of energy : Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Heat energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Gravitational Energy

4. KINETIC ENERGY Kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

5. POTENTIAL ENERGY potential energy is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. Common types include the gravitational potential energy and the electric potential. The unit for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, which has the symbol J.

6. MECHANICAL ENERGY M echanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. If an object is moved in the opposite direction of a conservative net force, the potential energy will increase and if the speed of the object is changed, the kinetic energy of the object is changed as well.

7. HEAT ENERGY Heat energy is defined as a form of energy which transfers among particles in a substance by means of kinetic energy of those particles. In other words, under kinetic theory, the heat is transferred by particles bouncing into each other.In physical equations, the amount of heat transferred is usually denoted by the symbol Q.

8. CHEMICAL ENERGY Chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances. Examples include batteries, food, gasoline, and more. Breaking or making of chemical bonds involves energy, which may be either absorbed or evolved from a chemical system.

9. ELECTRICAL ENERGY Electric energy is the energy created by electrons moving through an electrical conductor. The world is made of matter. All matter contains atoms that contain electrons that are always moving. When electrons are forced down a conductive path, such as a wire, the movement produces electricity, or electric energy.

10. GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY Gravitational energy is the potential energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position. In other words, it is energy associated with gravity or gravitational force.

11. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Energy transformation is defined as the process of changing energy from one form to another. There are so many different kinds of energy that can transform from one form to another. Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms. A change from one form of energy to another is called an energy transformations. Some energy changes involve ingle transformations ,while others involve many transformation.

12. SINGLE TRANSFORMATION Sometimes, one form of energy needs to be transformed into another to get work done. For example, a toaster transforms electrical energy to thermal energy to toast your bread. A cell phone transforms electrical energy to electromagnetic energy that travels to other phones.

13. MULTIPLE TRANSFORMATION Often a series of energy transformation is needed to do work. For example, the mechanical energy is used to strike a match is transformed first to Thermal energy. The thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy, which is transformed to thermal energy and the electromagnetic energy you see as light.

14. In a car engine, another series of energy conservations occurs. Electrical energy produces a spark. The thermal energy of the spark releases chemical energy in the fuel. The fuels chemical energy in turn becomes thermal energy. Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy used to move the car, and to electrical energy produce more spark.

15. Transformations between potential and kinetic energy One of the most common transformation as the transformation between potential energy and kinetic energy. In waterfall such as Nigara falls, potential is transformed to kinetic energy. The water at he top of the falls has gravitational potential energy. As the water plunges, its velocity increases. Its potential energy becomes kinetic energy.

16. Chemical to mechanical energy transformation Chemical energy is generally the energy you get inside the atoms in a substance. Mechanical energy is generally the kinetic energy of a system. Adding water and sulphuric acid together makes a lot of heat. Combustion of gasoline in an engine to power an automobile. Chemical energy from food is converted to mechanical energy when the food is broken down and absorbed in the muscles.

17. Radiant to chemical energy transformation Photosynthesis is the transformation of radiant energy to chemical energy. Plants take in water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight and turn them into glucose and oxygen. Called photosynthesis, one of the results of this process is that carbon dioxide is removed from the air. It is nature's process for returning carbon from the atmosphere to the earth. The "fossil fuels" we use today (oil, coal, and natural gas) are all formed from plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were fossilized. When we burn (combust) these carbon-rich fuels, we are pulling carbon from the earth and releasing it into the environment.

18. Electrical to thermal energy transformation Electrical energy is a form of energy that occurs as a result of either stored or moving charged particles. Thermal energy is energy that results from moving atoms or molecules and is commonly referred to as heat. A toaster draws electric current (electrical energy) from a wall outlet and converts these moving electric charges into heat (thermal energy) in the filaments that turn red hot to cook your toast. An electric clothes dryer turns electrical energy from a wall outlet into heat (thermal energy) to dry your clothes as they spin. As electricity runs through the filaments in a space heater, the electrical energy is converted into heat (thermal energy).

19. Energy transformation in a pendulum The pendulum shows the principal of conservation of energy in action. Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and back, over and over again, as the pendulum swings. When the pendulum bob is at the start of its swing it has no kinetic energy because it is not moving. As the bob swings downwards it loses height. So its gravitational potential energy (GPE) decreases. At the bottom of its swing, the bob’s kinetic energy is at a maximum and its gravitational potential energy is at a minimum - because it is at its lowest point. As the bob swings upwards it slows down. Its kinetic energy decreases as work is done against its weight. As it gains height the gravitational potential energy increases again. At the very top of its swing it stops for a moment. It once again has no kinetic energy, but its gravitational potential energy is at a maximum.

20. THANK YOU!! Made by : Tisha mavi – 25 Udit mishra – 26 Vanshika gupta – 27 Vidhika choudhary – 28 Vidhisha dhawan – 29 Yash Shankar - 30