ENG 102 Introductions and Conclusions Powerpoint.ppt

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1. ENGENG 102102
POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONSPOWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
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2. Introductions and ConclusionsIntroductions and Conclusions
WP #2: WP #2:
Longer Referential EssayLonger Referential Essay
ENG 102ENG 102
Sarah DyeSarah Dye

3. Save the first for lastSave the first for last 

Have at least a working version of Have at least a working version of
major thesis before drafting but save major thesis before drafting but save
the introduction for later.the introduction for later.

Then it will truly introduce what’s Then it will truly introduce what’s
written instead of what writer written instead of what writer
intended. intended.

This ties the introduction more This ties the introduction more
effectively to the conclusion by writing effectively to the conclusion by writing
them both at the same time.them both at the same time.

4. Attention-getting openingsAttention-getting openings

A startling fact or bit of information A startling fact or bit of information

A meaningful quotation A meaningful quotation

A universal idea related to your thesis A universal idea related to your thesis

A rich, vivid description or image A rich, vivid description or image

A fresh analogy or metaphor A fresh analogy or metaphor

An interesting anecdote, story, or An interesting anecdote, story, or
dramatic episode dramatic episode

A thought-provoking question A thought-provoking question

Beginning in the middle of the actionBeginning in the middle of the action

5. Effective introductions Effective introductions
“ “can stop traffic”can stop traffic”

6. Openings to avoidOpenings to avoid

Dictionary definitions of words Dictionary definitions of words
your reader should know. your reader should know.

““Did you know?” or “Have you Did you know?” or “Have you
ever wondered?” rhetorical ever wondered?” rhetorical
questions questions

““This paper will be about …” “In This paper will be about …” “In
this paper I will prove” this paper I will prove”

7. More opening mistakes to avoidMore opening mistakes to avoid

Beginning too far away from your Beginning too far away from your
actual topic (“There are many novels, actual topic (“There are many novels,
all of which have characters. Some all of which have characters. Some
characters are heroes, and some are characters are heroes, and some are
not.”) not.”)

A “book report” list of irrelevant facts A “book report” list of irrelevant facts
(William Shakespeare lived in the (William Shakespeare lived in the
Elizabethan era in England. He wrote Elizabethan era in England. He wrote
many plays. One of these plays was many plays. One of these plays was
Hamlet.) Hamlet.)

8. Hint about openingsHint about openings

When previewing When previewing
main topics in your main topics in your
introduction, make introduction, make
sure you list them sure you list them
in the order in in the order in
which they appear which they appear
in your paper. in your paper.

9. What goes in the introductionWhat goes in the introduction

Essential background about your topic Essential background about your topic
and preparation for your major thesis. and preparation for your major thesis.

Road maps for the rest of the essay, Road maps for the rest of the essay,
previewing major ideas and posing previewing major ideas and posing
important questions that you will important questions that you will
consider in your paper.consider in your paper.

10. The intro & the thesis sentenceThe intro & the thesis sentence

Introduction ends with your Introduction ends with your
major thesis. major thesis.

Make special attempts to link the Make special attempts to link the
TS to the sentence that precedes TS to the sentence that precedes
it by building on a key word or it by building on a key word or
idea. idea.

11. Ending the essayEnding the essay

12. The conclusionThe conclusion

Your conclusion wraps up your Your conclusion wraps up your
argument and leaves the reader with argument and leaves the reader with
some final things to think about.some final things to think about.

Your conclusion should stem from Your conclusion should stem from
what you have already written.what you have already written.

Effective conclusions therefore often Effective conclusions therefore often
refer back to ideas presented in a refer back to ideas presented in a
paper’s introduction. paper’s introduction.

13. Purpose of the conclusionPurpose of the conclusion

Should echo the major thesis Should echo the major thesis
without repeating words without repeating words
verbatim. verbatim.

Should move beyond TS to reflect Should move beyond TS to reflect
on significance of ideas just on significance of ideas just
presented.presented.

Should indicate why these ideas Should indicate why these ideas
are important. are important.

14. Effective conclusionsEffective conclusions

Reflect on how topic relates to Reflect on how topic relates to
larger issues (in the novel, in larger issues (in the novel, in
society, in history) society, in history)

Show how topic affects the Show how topic affects the
reader’s life reader’s life

Evaluate the concepts presented Evaluate the concepts presented

Issue a call for action on the part Issue a call for action on the part
of the audience of the audience

15. More about effective conclusionsMore about effective conclusions

Ask questions Ask questions
generated by generated by
essay’s findings essay’s findings

Make predictions Make predictions

Recommend a Recommend a
solution solution

16. Even more about effective conclusionsEven more about effective conclusions

Connect back to Connect back to
introduction, esp. introduction, esp.
if writer used a if writer used a
metaphor, metaphor,
anecdote, or vivid anecdote, or vivid
image image

Give a personal Give a personal
statement about statement about
the topicthe topic

17. Conclusions to avoid:Conclusions to avoid:

Beginning with “In conclusion …”Beginning with “In conclusion …”


Restating thesis and main points Restating thesis and main points
without adding anything new without adding anything new

Bringing up a new topic Bringing up a new topic

Adding irrelevant details Adding irrelevant details
(esp. just to make a paper longer) (esp. just to make a paper longer)

18. The information in this presentation comes from the The information in this presentation comes from the
following sourcefollowing source

Writing with Style: Writing and Writing with Style: Writing and
Style ManualStyle Manual
Click below to access the web page:Click below to access the web page:
Poway Unified School District