Engineering Drawing

Assignment 1 - Introduction to Drawings

1. Introduction to Drawing ( ITD – ARC30103 ) Lim Joe Onn Jaclyn Hwang Jeff Ong Natalie Ki Pang Khai Shuen Engineering Drawings

2. WHAT ARE ENGINEERING DRAWINGS?

3. Introduction A type of technical drawing that is used to define requirements for engineered items. Such as... Definition: Views Dimensions Details Used In: Construction Automobiles Electronics

4. Fields Engineering drawings have specialized drawings that apply to their respective fields: Machine Drawings Structural Drawings Electrical Drawings Aeronautical Drawings Marine Drawings

5. Foundation The foundation comes from the geometrical drawing. Consists of: Plain Geometric Drawing Solid Geometric Drawing

6. To archive the geometric form of the design. To communicate ideas between designers and manufacturing personnel. To act as an analysing tool. To stimulate the design. To serve as a completing checker. To support large number of perspective references. Importance

7. Thank You  Steps involved in producing Engineering Drawings

8. Steps: Engineer receives architectural drawing. Produces engineering sketch (AutoCAD drawing)

9. Steps: Structural scheme produced. Approval of architect. 5. Submit to authorities for approval.

10. Steps: Proceed to construction. Amendments of construction drawings. As-built drawings drawn. Certificate of Completion and Compliance awarded.

11. Elements in Engineering Drawings

12. Lines The difference in lines represent different meanings in an engineering drawing. Types: Construction Lines Thick active lines Thin active lines Hidden lines Centre lines Break lines Underground pipe lines Dimension lines

13. Scales Engineering Drawings are always to scale. 1:100 1:50 1:25 1:10 1:5 Most Common Scales:

14. Dimensions Factors to take into consideration: method and line type that is used for dimensioning. The linear dimension would be the overall, auxiliary depiction and the second form of dimensioning would be the diameter and radii of the structure. A mixture of the two would depict the position of ‘The Hole’ in an engineering drawing.

15. Shows the builder and others the required size for every parts of the building. Unbroken lines. 2 mm away from the object being dimensioned.

16. 2-Dimensional (2D) There are multiple types of 2D Drawing Types in Structural Engineering. - Plan: ‘Top View’, ‘Floor Plan’ & ‘Roof Plan’ - Sections: ‘Cross-Section’ & ‘Longitudinal Section’ - Elevations: ‘Front Elevation’, ‘Right Elevation’, ‘Left Elevation’ and ‘Rear Elevation’

17. 3-Dimensional (3D) 3-Dimensional engineering drawings are also known as ‘Production Drawings’ The 3-Dimensional (3D) Drawing Types: - Orthogonal Projections - Pictorial Drawing: Isometric & Oblique - ‘’Working Drawings’’

18. Orientation To show the direction of north relative to the plan. Level Marks To show the height of ceiling, etc

19. Projection of Engineering Drawings

20. Orthographic Projection Orthographic projection drawings are used to describe buildings, structures or objects pictorially. Showed through first and third angle projection.

21. Graphical Projection Graphical Projection drawings have two different types: 1) Perspective projection 2) Parallel projection

22. Perspective Projection Perspective Projective drawing is a linear projection where three dimensional objects are projected on a picture plane. This has the effect that distant objects appear smaller than nearer objects. Types: - One-point projection. - Two-point projection. - Three-point projection.

23. Methods & Rules of Projection Method: Select a view from the best position.   Observe the overall structure. Note: parallelism, proportions and alignment. Rules of Projection:   Parallel lines remain parallel. Proportions remain unchanged. Circles are always ellipses with the major axis of ellipse perpendicular to the polar axis of circle. Transformation of 90°angles.

24. Other Types of Projection Axonometric Isometric Diametric Trimetric Oblique

25. Symbols & Icons

26. Symbols for Materials Usually used in sectional views. To show the materials of the structure cut by the section plane.

27. B.S. 1192 : Part 1,2,3,4,5 Construction Drawing Practice Construction Unit (1998), Computer-Aided Design using MicroStation 95, Industrial Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Dennis Neeley (1996), CAD and the Practise of Architecture, New York, N.Y.: J. Wiley Earle James H., (1991), Drafting Technology, Addison-Wesley Elsheikh Ahmed (1995), An Introduction to Drawing for Civil Engineers, McGraw-Hill Jude D.V., (1983), Civil Engineering Drawing London ; New York : Granada Muller Edward J (1996). Reading Architectural Working Drawing , Prentice Hall Pickup F. & Parker M. A. (1970) Engineering Drawing with Worked Example London : Hutchinson. Ratensky A. (1983), Drawing and Model making, Whitney Library of Design Thompson Arthur, (1993). An Introduction to Construction Drawing, London : E. Arnold. ‘’ Engineering Drawings – Sixth Edition’’ by A.W Boundy (604.2) ‘’Introduction to Engineering Drawing – Second Edition’’ by Warren J. Luzadder & Jon M. Duff ( 604.2) Guarantee at least 70% referencing from books! References

28. Thank You  End.